INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES(ISSN:2250-3552)

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIETY

Manisha Ranga
Govt. College Raipur Rani

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence has been the talk of the town these days. It is predominant in every aspect of
life. Every nick and corner of the world is touched with technology. It has been proven a great help
for mankind. But as AI development advances, people are talking about the negative and positive
aspect of it. Human beings have mixed opinion regarding AI. This article is an attempt to review the
positive and negative aspect of AI technology. This article concludes that AI has both negative and
positive impact on the society. Also, there must be regulations on the development and use of AI.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, mental health, unemployment, etc.

1. INTRODUCTION Cave &Dihal, 2019). There is a considerable

1.1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE difference in how people perceive and accept
AND SOCIETY Artificial Intelligence leaving lots of scope for
In today’s era, one of the most emerging the psychologists regarding the advancement of
technologies which has gained popularity is AI (Mruk, 1987). It is also extensively being
Artificial Intelligence (Fast & Horvitz, 2017). used by the psychologists themselves these days.
Predominantly in today’s time, most of the Not only industrial psychologists (Kersting,
businesses, researchers, individuals, statisticians 2020) but clinical psychologists (Luxton, 2014)
all are interested in artificial intelligence for are also making constrictive use of AI. Machines
interpretation of the data (Panetta, 2019) and it is learning algorithms, anti-depressive chatbots,
considered useful in the fields of medicine, virtual patient supports are some of technologies
education, household chores and work used by clinical psychologist (Johansson et al.,
environment. Along with the pros and cons, 2017a; Dwyer et al., 2018; Bendig et al., 2019).
Artificial Intelligence is being perceived On the contrary, many others apprehend
ambiguously by the individuals. Some of the Artificial Intelligence as threatening (Orben,
individuals are worried about the impact of AI 2020). Artificial intelligence is trying to
on unemployment, some feel that there would be reproduce the similar physiological activities
loss of human control and are concerned with like human brain (Zador, 2019). Currently AI is
ethical issues as well (Lichtenthaler, 2020). On in the developmental phase in terms of cognitive
the other hand, medical professionals and aspect like memory, perception, decision
educationalist are showing high hopes for making, attention, etc. (Shi & Li, 2008).
Artificial Intelligence (Fast & Horvitz, 2017; Artificial intelligence systems are combining

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with cognitive psychology so that artificially programmed like a human brain with almost
intelligent machine may have the advanced zero variation (Tai, 2020). They can perform
cognition like humans, they can think, learn, and the functions of automation, language
perceive like humans, understand emotions, and processing, robotics, self-driven cars, drones
empathize and so on (Zhao et al., 2022). AI term etc.
is basically used to describe a man-made 1.2 THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL
machine that can show cognitive abilities like INTELIGENCE ON SOCIETY
human brain (Russell & Norvig, 2009). One of an important question arises that
Nowadays, everyone is talking about whether we need artificial intelligence or not.
positive aspects of artificial intelligence Different people have different approach on
ignoring the dark side of Artificial this question. Today time is running fast for
intelligence. Advancement of AI also raises everyone. The busy schedule of the
the ethical issues and risk factors associated individuals creates an urgent demand to finish
with it. AI has almost touched every aspect of their work in lesser time, in an effective
life these days. It is so much engrossed in our manner and error free. Since the era of
daily life that we didn’t even realize that it has technological advancement, human beings
become an inseparable part of our lives. A have been inventing the machines and tools
very common example is the facial and voice that can facilitate many hardships of daily
recognition system on our smart phones, work. We always want to complete our work
google search engines, google maps, etc. effectively and faster. As compared to our
(Schank, 1991). previous generations, we enjoy a privileged,
Artificially intelligent machines can be easier and leisure life because of the
distinguished in two categories like weak and technology. A famous writer Aldous Huxley
strong AI machines. The weak AI machines has written in his book Brave New
are helpful to human beings in day-to-day Worldhuman might step into a world in which
tasks such as a self-driven car, SIRI on phone, we are creating a monster or a superhuman
ROBO cleaners, etc. The weak AI machines with the development of genetic technology
work on a specific task assigned to them. The (Huxley, 2022).
aim of the researchers is to create a strong AI Apart from the daily tasks AI is doing
machine that can replace human beings. They wonder in the field of medicine. It is assisting
intent to create a machine that can be doctors in surgeries, diagnosis, and prediction
intelligent like human brain and in case of any of life-threatening diseases (Dina, 2006).
problem, can take its own decision and help Recently a robot performed a surgery at the
humans to unravel that problem. They are also Children’s National Medical Centre in
intended to create a machine that can be Washington. The team claimed that it has
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performed a better surgery than humans 2.1 NEGATIVE MENTAL HEALTH

(Roberts, 2016; Meera 2016).
American Psychological Association (Press
Above all, AI has made life easier for
release, 2023) conducted an online survey and
everyone making everyone dependent upon
concluded that nearly 38% of the workers are
them. We are so used to them that we can’t
worried about unemployment that AI might
think of a single minute survival without AI
take up their duties and the employer do not
machines. AI has become an indispensable
need them. Also, low morale is associated with
part of our life and very much needed to make
AI as workers believe that they have been
life convenient and comfortable.
watched constantly or micromanaged and feels
2. NEGATIVE IMPACT uncomfortable about it. APA believe that such
workers are vulnerable to poor mental health
When CHATGPT was launched, everyone was
conditions like stress, irritation, burnout, etc.
asking one question. Do we really need such
In another study AI helps in reducing the
AI machines that can replace humans, can
depression and improving the mental health of
function like human brain, etc.? or it reduces
the employees (Wei & Li, 2022).
the need of manpower, making humans lazier
and easy going and completely dependent on 2.2 UNEMPLOYMENT
machines. Does it reduce the brain functioning
In an article in The Globe and Mail, 2019, Bill
ability? Can emotions be replaced by the
Wilkerson poses AI as a threat for
machines and so no. Joseph (1976) has
employment. AI might replace human beings
summarized the negative aspect of AI. Human
for specified tasks. The World Economic
being will be dependent on machines to do
Forum forecasts loss of 375 million jobs
everything with a lick of a button. If all the
because of AI. AI has reduced the employer’s
work will be done by the machines, the result
dependency on the workers by replacing their
is employment. Economic inequality will rise
jobs in turn reducing the need manpower
in the society. If AI machines will do all the
(Jarrahi, 2019). This puts an invisible pressure
tasks, eventually they humans will lose control
on the workers to stay employed putting a
over almost everything. Also, some experts
negative impact on their mental health
believe that AI machines can be programmed
(Oakman et al., 2020). In USA, around 47 %
for destruction in wars. In a conference, some
of the workers can be replaced by AI in next
of the ethical controversies of AI was
20 years (Frey & Osborne, 2017).
discussed that it can hurt the vulnerable
population (Gibney, 2020).

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2.3 SECURITY AND PRIVACY 3. POSTIVE IMPACT

ISSUES
3.1 HEALTHCARE CONTRIBUTION
Security is a major concern linked with AI. In
AI has numerous positive impacts on the life of
education sector, we use AI classrooms or
human beings. Computer programming which
smart classrooms to educate children. It is
includes, reasoning and applying logic ability
evident in classrooms in one form or another.
of a computer system is also a kind of artificial
Undoubtedly, AI has helped us in analyzing
intelligence. Use of robotics in precision
and interpretating data, but without even
surgeries can be one of the efficient methods of
being noticed any intruder can change the
treatment (Dina, 2016). Fatigue in humans is
results if the data is unsecure. If the security
the major cause of accidents and errors at
system is compromised, confidential data can
workplace. AI machines can reduce the number
be leaked. One of the most significant
of accidents because it does not suffer from
challenges of AI is security and privacy
fatigue, mental exhaustion, emotional
handling of the information.
distraction. It completes the task in lesser time
2.4 BIAS and more efficiently. Therapeutics Robots are
helpful in improving the life of the senior
AI is man made machine. The developers
citizens and physically disabled person (Yang,
might programme something as per their own
2023). MRI scan and fetal imaging are all the
interest. The data of AI may have certain
contribution of AI (Roberts, 2016).
biases for decision making and social
inequalities corresponding to the biases of the 3.2 REDUCTION IN HUMAN
developer. While collecting the enormous ERRORS AND ZERO RISKS
amount of data, discrimination occurs
The computers programmed to do specific
(Weyerer& Langer, 2019). One example of
work has reduced the number of errors done by
data threat is Facebook-Cambridge Analytica
humans which might be due to monotony,
scandal. It leaves everyone concerned about
fatigue, health conditions, etc. AI has decreased
the security & privacy issues (Calif, 2021).
the life risk of workers in mining and other
Hackers sell the data for different purposes.
such kind of risky jobs. It also resulted in
Digital security is most vulnerable these days
managing time and resources in a better and
(Venema, 2021).
efficient manner.

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3.3 AVAILABILITY 2014). Another question arises, if AI machines

cause harm, who will be held responsible.
AI systems can be available 24 X 7 and can
be reached out at any point in time. According At last, I would suggest that we should
to Nielson (2023), AI could handle let AI take all our important decisions,
approximately 13.8% more queries than because a machine can never develop
humans. Business reports can be generated qualities like a human being (Joseph, 1976).
more than 59%. Also, 126 % more projects AI can be developed and used to assist
could be programmed per week. humans and cannot take control over humans
at a later stage. Extreme caution must be
4. CONCLUSION
taken by the scientists while developing AI.
There are mixed feeling for AI. If used in a
To conclude, I would like to say that humans
contained form, it could be beneficial for the
are still needed to design and operate the AI
society. But in turn, it requires, some
machines. Undoubtedly, Ai is required for
regulatory checks to ensure overall assistance,
better medical diagnosis and treatment, but
unethical practices, trustworthiness. Also
still human experts are required to crosscheck
ensuring that AI is assisting humans and
any errors. Sometimes, AI can work without
pushing their boundaries. I would suggest that
any discriminatory reasoning which can
Indian government should work on
create problems at the end. Therefore, AI
developing AI policy and work towards
should be watched carefully all the time.
keeping the data secure and private. The key
As far as AI is concerned, the humans may to success is to maintain and balance between
have some trouble in establishing relationship AI and human beings.
with mad made machines. But since AI is
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