11

General Physics
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Waves
Quarter 2- Week 4
English – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Waves
Quarter 2- Week 4

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Frida Sally E. Combalicer
Editors: Ronaldo Domacena
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 Waves

Introduction

What comes to your mind whenever you heard the word “waves”? Is it
the sea or ocean? Am I right? Maybe because it is more visible and more
linkable in the word “waves”.

But in this learning kit, you will explore different types of waves, the
nature of waves, the characteristics, and its properties. And yes, it includes
the ocean wave. Did you know that energy can be transferred from one place
to another in various ways? And one of the carriers is the waves?

Learning Competency

1. Define mechanical wave, longitudinal wave, transverse wave,

periodic wave, and sinusoidal wave (STEM_GP12PMIId-31)
2. From a given sinusoidal wave function infer the speed, wavelength,
frequency, period, direction, and wave number (STEM_GP12PMIId-
32)

Objectives

At the end of this learning activity kit, you are expected to:

1. distinguish different types of waves,

2. describe wave motion in terms of various parameter, and
3. relate wave velocity, wavelength, and frequency.

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 Review

Directions: Last time we discussed about Periodic Motion. Now, let us have a
review on the previous topic by completing, what is being asked on, the table.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

What am I going to used?

What is it?
(If there is an any)

Amplitude

Frequency

Period

Discussion

What do we mean when we talk about wave? The waves are everywhere,
and they are common phenomenon in nature. We always encounter waves
daily. Like I said before, the most familiar wave to think is water wave.

A wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space.

The matter through which wave travels is called medium. Waves are series of
pluses travelling at regular intervals, while a pulse is a disturbance in
medium. The simplest waves repeat themselves for several cycles and are
associated with simple harmonic motion. Commonly, waves exhibit SHM after
a disturbance occurs.

TYPES OF WAVE

Mechanical Waves – water waves, sound waves and the waves that move
along a rope or spring travel through a medium. In short, mechanical waves
is a wave that require or need a medium. It is not capable of transmitting its
energy through a vacuum.

Electromagnetic Waves – light waves, radio waves, and microwaves are

waves that do not require a medium. In other words, electromagnetic wave
travels not only through material media but into vacuum.

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Pulse Wave – this wave is consisting of a single travelling pulse.

Periodic Waves – it is when you continue to generate pulses at one end of

the rope

Different types of waves travel through media in different ways. Waves

are classified as transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves depending on the
direction of motion of medium compared to the movement of the wave.

Transverse Wave - the motion of particle in transverse wave is

perpendicular to the wave itself. The up and down motion of the medium of a
transverse wave is associated with waves in general. The bumpy parts in a
transverse wave are called crest and trough.

Figure 1. shows a transverse wave, the wave propagates horizontally, and the disturbance in
the cord is in the vertical direction.

Longitudinal Wave - in longitudinal wave the particle motions are parallel to

the motion of the wave itself. The example is when you push one end of a
spring while the other end is held in position, the spring is compressed. A
longitudinal wave is produced. Elastic energy is transmitted to the far end of
the spring.
When a longitudinal wave passes through a medium, regions of high
pressure called compression. Theses compression alternate with regions of
low pressure called rarefaction.

Figure 2. shows a longitudinal wave, the wave propagates horizontally, and the disturbance
in the cord is also in the horizontal direction.

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Surface Waves – it is combination of transverse and longitudinal waves.
These waves occur at the surface between two media, such as water and air.
The particles in a surface wave move both perpendicular and parallel to the
direction in which the wave travels. The up-and-down motions combined with
the side-to-side motions produce a circular motion. Best example are waves
in ocean and in swimming pool.

MEASURE OF A WAVE
As we tackle the types of waves before, in somehow, we notice
some part of the waves like crest, trough, compression and rarefaction. Now,
let us measure the wave itself. A wave is measured in terms of its
displacement from equilibrium and the distance between neighboring
maximum displacement.
Before in periodic motion, if
you recall the amplitude, which is the
maximum displacement of the
particle from its equilibrium. Same
thing, the amplitude of a wave is the
maximum displacement of the
particles of the medium from their
equilibrium position. The height of
the crest or troughs is equal to the
amplitude of the wave. The amplitude Figure 3. Parts of Wave

depends on the amount of energy the

wave is carrying.
Next, we have the wavelength, which is the distance between
neighboring maximum displacements. It is the distance between two
successive crest or trough, or between two successive compressions or
rarefactions.
Since wave is in motion, it can be described in terms of its speed. The
distance it covers is equal to the wavelength if a wave travels at a time equal
to its period. Thus, the product of wavelength and frequency is the velocity of
the wave.

𝜆𝜆 1 𝜆𝜆
In equation we have: 𝑣𝑣 = and 𝑇𝑇 = then 𝑣𝑣 =
𝑇𝑇 𝑓𝑓 1/𝑓𝑓

Therefore, 𝑣𝑣 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆

where 𝑣𝑣 is velocity of wave, 𝜆𝜆 is the wavelength, 𝑓𝑓 is frequency of the wave

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Sample Problem: If a dog whistle has a frequency of 30,000Hz, what is the
wavelength of the sound emitted? (speed of sound=340m/s)
340𝑚𝑚 30,000
Given: 𝑣𝑣 = ; 𝑓𝑓 = 30,000𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 =
𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠
Find: 𝜆𝜆 =?
Solution: 𝑣𝑣 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 derived the equation then 𝜆𝜆 = 𝑣𝑣/𝑓𝑓
340𝑚𝑚
� �
substitute then 𝜆𝜆 = 𝑠𝑠
30,000
� �
𝑠𝑠
Answer: 𝝀𝝀 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Another Sample Problem: What is the speed of an oscillating water wave if

its frequency is equal to 3.5 Hz and the distance between waves is 2.0m?

Given: f = 3.5 Hz Find: V=?

𝜆𝜆 = 2.0 m

Solution: V = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
= (2.0m) (3.5 Hz)
V = 7.0m

Final Answer: V = 7.0m

PROPERTIES OF WAVE
Waves move in straight lines like the waves on the oceans, spread out
in circles like ripples on a pond, or spread out in spheres like sound waves in
air. But when a wave encounters a boundary, it shows different properties
such as Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, and Interference.

Reflection
Waves can meet other objects or
boundary with another medium. Several
things may occur and one of this is
reflection which occurs when a wave
strikes an object or comes to a boundary
of another medium and is at least partly
directed backward. An echo is an
example of reflection and mirrors reflect
light waves.
Figure 4. A ray diagram showing
direction of incident and reflected rays of
Law of Reflection states that the a bouncing ball
angle of incident is equal to the angle of
reflection, also the incident ray, reflected
ray and the normal lie on a single plane.

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Refraction
When a wave crosses a boundary into another medium, its velocity
changes because the new material has different characters. Entering the
medium obliquely (at an angle), the transmitted wave moves in a direction
different from that of the incident wave. This is called refraction which define
as the change in speed and direction of a wave as it crosses one medium to
another. In general, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incident if
a wave slows down just after passing the boundary between two media. If it
is speeds up, then the angle of refraction is greater than the angle of
incidence.

Figure 5. Waves moving from

deep to shallow water (vise versa)

Diffraction
Refers to the bending of waves around an edge of an object. For
example, if you stand along an outside wall of a building near the corner, you
can hear people talking around the corner. Assuming there are no reflections
or air motion, this would not be possible if sound waves traveled in a straight
line. In general, diffraction effects are greater when the object or opening is
about the same size as smaller than the wavelength of the waves. This
relationship can be observed
in water
Figure 6. Waves
passing waves.
through a hole

Interference
It is the interaction between two waves forming one wave. It is the
superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcements and regions of
cancellation. A wave can interfere with another wave. Interference is simply
the addition of two waves.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1

Directions: There are 12 words in the box below that linked to waves. Encircle
10 words only and define the word based on what you have learned.

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Guided Practice 2
Directions: Select the correct word in the box below. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
Diffraction Interference
Wave Speed Medium
Refraction Longitudinal wave
Reflection Transverse Wave
Electromagnetic wave Wavelength

__________1. Refers to the bending of waves around an edge of an object.

__________2. The distance between neighboring maximum displacements.
__________3. When a wave crosses a boundary into another medium, its velocity
changes because the new material has different characters. '
__________4. Occurs when a wave strikes an object or comes to a boundary of another
medium and is at least partly directed backward.
__________5. This is where the wave travels.
__________6. It is when two waves meet, they have an effect on each other.
__________7. The product of wavelength and frequency of the wave.
__________8. The particle motions is parallel to the motion of the wave itself.
__________9. The motion of particle is perpendicular to the wave itself.
__________10. Travels not only through material media but into vacuum.

Independent Practice
Directions: Complete the table below. Justify your answer by showing your
solution. Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Velocity (m/s)

250 2 (a)
(b) 150 3
300 (c) 150
5.0 x 105 (d) 3.0 x 108
10 x 103 1.2 x 102 (e)

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 Assessment

Directions: Answer the following question and justify your answer by

showing your solution if necessary. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The puffer shown was recorded by a face firmer. The space between the
doffs represents 0.02 second. What is the frequency of the firmer?

2. Periodic waves are being produced in a ripple tank. As the rate at which
the waves are produced is increased, w h a t h a p p e n t o t h e
wavelength of t he waves?

3. As a periodic wave travels from one medium to another, what happen

to the velocity of the wave?

4. If the height of the crest is 2m, determine the amplitude of the wave.

5. What is the period of the wave while Aaron is surfing, if the wave propels
him toward the beach with a speed of 5m/s and the wave crests are 2m
apart?

Reflection

Directions: Answer the following question comprehensively.

1. Does the medium in which a wave moves travel along with the wave
itself? Give examples to support your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 2. Explains how waves are reflected and refracted.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Criteria 5 3 1

Content Demonstrate an Demonstrate a Show some

excellent god misunderstanding
understanding understanding of the topic.
of the topic. of the topic.

Organization Information is Some There is no clear

relevant and information is introduction,
presented somewhat structures, or
logically. relevant and conclusion.
presented
logically

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 References

2021.http://www.jaconline.com.au/jacarandaphysics/jacarandaphysics2/d
ownloads/design-changes/u4-ds3-link-1.pdf.

"Inteference Waves - Bing". Bing.Com, 2021.

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=q1kGq
P2A&id=7D95DD8DC858D1A49F01482CB5AF9BADA12C8811&th
id=OIP.q1kGqP2AdmqZ6gQWibSK3AHaFh&mediaurl=http%3a%2f
%2fwww.geologycafe.com%2foceans%2fimages%2fwave_interferenc
e.jpg&exph=432&expw=580&q=inteference+waves&simid=6079864
22474277584&ck=EF063042629DCB6D3FD920C12257DE91&sel
ectedIndex=13&FORM=IRPRST&ajaxhist=0.

Padua, Alicia, and Ricardo Crisostomo. Practical and Explorational Physics.

2nd ed. Reprint, Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House Inc., 2003.

Santisteban, Celeste Joan. Breaking Trough Physics. Reprint, Quezon City:

C & E Publihing Inc., 2009.

"Stretched Waves in A Stretched String - Bing Images". Bing.Com, 2021.

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=stretched+waves+in+a+stretched+
string&form=HDRSC2&first=1&scenario=ImageBasicHover%3e+%5
bAccessed+2+November+2020&tsc=ImageBasicHover.

Tolentino, Eden. Physics Around Us. Reprint, Quezon City: St. Bernadette
Publishing House Corporation, 2008.

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Independent Practice
1. 0.02 Review (Answer may vary)
2. 0.5 1. Amplitude -the magnitude of
3. 500
the maximum displacement of a
4. 600
5. 1.2x106 mass from its equilibrium
Assessment position
1. 50Hz 2. Frequency-the number of cycles
2. Increasing
3. Velocity may increase or decrease
per second (1/T)
depend on the medium 3. Period-time needed to repeat
4. Same (2m) one complete cycle of motion
5. 0.4s (1/f)
Reflection
Guided Practice 1 (definition may vary)
Answer may vary
1. Transverse wave
2. Vibration
3. Wave speed
4. Trough
5. Transverse wave
6. Diffraction
7. Doppler effect
8. Crests
9. Standing wave
10. Inference
11. Refraction
12. Hertz
Guided Practice 2
1. Diffraction
2. wavelength
3. refraction
4. reflection
5. medium
6. interference
7. wave speed
8. longitudinal
9. transverse wave
10. electromagnetic wave
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt

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coordination with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval
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