Fire Hazards

Causes and
H
R Safety
C
Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction

HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
S.Y. 2024 – 2025
 Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
• Identify and define the different causes of fire;
• Understand and determine the difference between natural
and human-made causes of fire;
• Describe the different control or preventive measures in
order to be prepared during fire incidents; and
• Apply and suggest ways to prevent man-made causes of
fire.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Fire

Fire may start due to

natural cause or
human-made incidents.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Natural Causes of Fire
Lightning that strikes any
combustible material which
can set trees on fire that
might eventually result to
forest fire or wildfire. This is
the most common natural
cause of fire.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Natural Causes of Fire
Volcanic activities could also
cause fire. During volcanic
activity, it spews hot gases,
ash and lava and when
these hot materials get in
contact with flammable
materials it might start a
wildfire.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Natural Causes of Fire
Spontaneous combustion, also known
as spontaneous ignition, is a chemical or
biological process that causes a material
to ignite by itself without an external
source of ignition.
It occurs when heat produced by a
reaction isn't dissipated quickly enough,
which leads to a rapid increase in
temperature until the material reaches its
autoignition temperature.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire
Wildfires or forest fires caused by
human activities such as machinery
sparks when cutting logs in the
forest, cast-away cigarette butts in
dried grasses and sometimes due to
kaingin or even arson (human
inflicted fire by directly setting the
area to burn).
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire

Cooking equipment. Pots and

pans can be overheated when a
person gets distracted while
cooking or leaves cooking
unattended. This is the most
common cause of housefire.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire

Heaters. Portable heaters

can cause fire when it is
placed near objects that can
easily burn like curtains and
laundry clothes.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire
Smoking in bedrooms. A
cigarette that is not put out
properly can cause fire as the
cigarette butts can
continuously burn in a few
hours. It can also immediately
cause fire when get in contact
with flammable materials.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire

Candles. It is not actually a

hazard but when left
unattended it can easily
burst into flames and cause
fire.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire

Curious children. Kids can

sometimes cause fire out of
curiosity, so they wanted to
see what would happen if
they set fire to an object.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire
Faulty wiring. Homes with
insufficient wiring can cause
fires from electrical hazard.
Signs that you can observe if
you have faulty wirings are:
lights dim if you use another
appliance; for an appliance to
work, you have to disconnect
another; and fuse blow or trip
the circuit breaker frequently.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire
Barbeques. This is a great
outdoor activity or one of
the famous street foods in
the Philippines. Avoid
doing this activity near
tablecloths, trees or even
plants.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire
Flammable liquids. Petrol,
kerosene or other methylated
substances are the most
common flammable liquids
found at home that can cause
fire if not properly stored.
Always store in cool, dry
place.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Human Causes of Fire

Lighting. Lamp shades and light

fittings can build heat if they are
very close to light bulbs. Too
much heat can eventually ignite
the materials and result to fire
incident.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Fire Safety
There is a saying that “It is better to
be robbed than to lose all your
belongings or assets because of
fire incident.”
In order to prevent this from
happening, you should know the
main cause of fire and fire hazards
and to learn how to deal with it.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cooking Safety
Cooking is the #1 cause of home
fires, and unattended cooking is the
top contributing factor . Since
kitchen is the most used part of the
house and is most vulnerable to
fire, it is very important to know the
most appropriate actions to be
done when kitchen fire starts.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cooking Safety
Things to do to prevent cooking
fire:
•Do not leave your cooking
unattended.
•Keep handles of pots and pans
turned in.
•Don’t put anything that catches
fire near your stove or burner.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cooking Safety
Things to do to control cooking fire:
•Cover the fire by placing a lid over
the pan.
•Turn off the burner or stove.
•In case of oven fire, turn off the
heat and keep the door closed.
•In case of microwave fire, unplug
the power source and keep the
door closed.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cigarettes
Cigarettes are the leading
causes of fire deaths in city,
state, and national level. The
fire victims include not only the
smokers but their families,
friends and neighbors. Mostly,
cigarette fires are due to
improper disposal of cigarette
butts that are still lit.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cigarettes
Fires from smoking material can be
prevented by following these tips:
•Do not smoke in bed or anywhere
that you might fall asleep.
•If you smoke, do it outside.
•Do not discard cigarettes in potted
plants, landscaping vegetation or
bark dust – they can easily catch
fire.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cigarettes
Fires from smoking material can be
prevented by following these tips:
•Use a deep, sturdy ashtray or a
non-combustible container that
cannot be tipped over.
•Before throwing away butts or
ashes, douse in water or sand.
•Never smoke in a home where
oxygen is used.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Electrical problem is one of the
causes of structure fires and fire
deaths.
Fire incidents due to electrical
wiring are caused by faulty wiring
and faulty equipment or
appliances.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Fires caused by electric can be
prevented by the following appropriate
actions.
• Avoid overloading outlets. One outlet
is to one high-wattage appliance at a
time.
• Don’t use an extension cord with a
major appliance like television, air
conditioner and refrigerator. Plug it in
a major power outlet.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Fires caused by electric can be prevented
by the following appropriate actions.
• In case a fuse blows or a circuit breaker
trips often, light became dim, or outlets or
switches became heated, call a qualified
electrician to inspect and fix the problem.
• Before using a lamp bulb check the box or
label first; the wattage of the bulb should
match the recommendation set by the
lamp manufacturer.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Fires caused by electric can be prevented
by the following appropriate actions.
• Power strips with circuit breakers can be
useful tools to temporarily plug several
items into an electrical outlet, but if used
incorrectly they can cause a fire. The use
of power strips and multi-plug outlets
increases the draw of electricity through
your home's wiring. Before creating
additional electrical demand, ensure that
your wiring is in good repair and capable of
carrying the additional load .
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Fires caused by electric can be prevented
by the following appropriate actions.
• Make sure your home has ground fault
circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in the kitchen,
bathroom(s), laundry, basement, and
outdoor areas, to reduce the risk of electric
shock.
• Arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) should
be installed in your home to protect
electrical outlets, and prevent fires due to
arcing.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Electrical Safety
Fires caused by electric can be
prevented by the following appropriate
actions.
• Do not place extension cords under
carpets or mattresses because it will
heat up and cause fire.
• Do regular checking of electrical cords
and replace immediately if damaged.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Candle Safety
The following are the safety tips on how
to prevent candle fire from happening.
• Use candle holders that are stable to
prevent the candle from falling into the
floor or near something that is
flammable or easily burn.
• Keep candles at least 12 inches away
from anything that can burn.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Candle Safety
The following are the safety tips on how
to prevent candle fire from happening.
• Blow out candles when you leave the
room or go to bed; avoid the use of
candles in rooms where people may
fall asleep.
• Never burn a candle if medical oxygen
or any flammable substance is nearby.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Spontaneous Combustion

The table shows the

classification of fire and
their respective sources
and symbols.

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Fire Extinguisher
1. Water and Foam – only used to put out class A fires
2. Carbon Dioxide – can be used to put out class B and C fires
3. Dry Chemical – can be used to put out class A, B and C fires
4. Wet Chemical – can be used to put out class A and K fires
5. Clean Agent – also known as halogenated extinguishers, can be
used to put out class A, B and C fires
6. Dry Powder – only used to put out class D fires
7. Water Mist - can be used to put out class A and C fires
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Fire Extinguisher

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Fire Safety Signs
Fire safety signs are color coded
for easier identification and
determination which is mandatory
and which should be avoided. It is
very important to be
knowledgeable or to be familiar
with the color and the
corresponding meaning of the
picture presented.
Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Fire Safety Signs

Lesson 23: Fire Hazards Causes and Safety DRRR HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.