M5_ENG_R.docx pdf

T.C.
GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
PHYSICS LABORATORY I
EXPERIMENT REPORT
THE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT
Maxwell’s Wheel
PREPARED BY
NAME AND SURNAME :

STUDENT NUMBER :
DEPARTMENT :
GROUP NO :
TEACHING ASSISTANT :
DATE OF THE EXPERIMENT : ….. / ….. / ……….
DATE : ….. / ….. / ……….
Signature:
Figure 5.2: Experimental setup: Maxwell’s Wheel
1. Prepare the experimental setup as seen in the figure. By using a spirit level, check/calibrate the
disk’s parallelism with the ground in fully extended position.
2. Measure the diameters of the disk (R) and the shaft (r) then calculate their radius.
R = ________ ( ) r = ________ ( )
3. Adjust the sensor to the possible highest position (hx). Roll the disk until it touches to the upper
edge of the frame and measure the difference in the height of the disk’s center of mass and the sensor’s
middle point (𝑥 = ℎ − ℎ ).
h = ________ ( )
4. Press “Start” button in the controller and start the experiment. Release the disk carefully to avoid
initial speed, swing or tilt. Sensor reads the time between successive slits (ΔT). Repeat each
measurement three times and take the average value of ΔT. There are 36 slits on disk, therefore
multiply the calculated average ΔT values by 36 to obtain the period (T).
5. Adjust the sensor for four different heights hx and repeat the measurements and calculations.
Record the values to the Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: The heights and periods of the disk.
hx 𝒙 = 𝒉 − 𝒉𝒙 𝜟𝑻𝟏 𝜟𝑻𝟐 𝜟𝑻𝟑 𝜟𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒈

𝑻 = 𝜟𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒈 × 𝟑𝟔 (s)
(m) (m) (s) (s) (s) (s)
Signature: 1
6. The period is the time for a complete rotation of the disk, and the angular value of a full turn is
2𝜋, therefore, the angular velocity is given by 𝜔 = 2𝜋⁄𝑇. The relation between the angular and linear
velocities is given by 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟. By using these two equations, one can calculate the linear velocity of
the disk for each height. These calculated velocities are experimental values of 𝜔 and 𝑣 . In theoretical
part, we derived the Equation 5.16 for the velocity of such system for its measured radius and height.
By using these measured values, calculate the experimental angular (ω) and linear velocities (𝑣 ) for
these four heights, and record your values to the Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Angular (ω) and experimental (𝑣 ) velocities.

𝟐𝝅
x (m) T (s) 𝝎= 𝑻
(rad/s) 𝒗𝑬 = 𝝎𝒓 (m/s) 𝒗𝟐𝑬 (m/s)2
7. As we know from kinematics, velocity as a function of displacement x is given by the expression

𝑣 = 𝑣 + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) for constant acceleration. If we assume the initial velocity 𝑣 = 0, then the
equation turns into 𝑣 = 2𝑎𝑥. The equation provides the final velocity in terms of the acceleration
and the displacement of the particle.
Use the values in the Table 5.2 and plot v2-x graph with x-axis the height (x) and y-axis is the square
of velocity (v2). Represent the values in the Table 5.2 as points on your graph. If one takes squares of
both sides of the Eq. 5.16, one can get 𝑣 = 2 𝑥 and the latter expression describes a linear
(y=mx) relation between the square of the velocity (v2) and the height (x), with the slope
𝑚=2 . Use the slope m, which will be calculated in the following step; plot y=mx line on
your graph. Observe the fitness of the line with your data points on the graph.
Signature: 2
Graphic 5.1
8. You are expected to calculate the slope 𝑚 = 2[ ]. The slope of the line could be calculated
( )
using the values in the Table 5.2 with the statistical fitting method called “least squares method”.
Calculate the two terms that will be used in the equations below. DO NOT FORGET UNITS.
𝑥 𝑣 =
𝑥 =
Substitute those values in equation below and calculate the experimental slope 𝑚 and
assuming 𝑔 ≅ 9.8 calculate the theoretical slope 𝑚 so that you can check the validity of
the experiment. DO NOT FORGET UNITS.
∑
𝑚 = ∑
= 𝑚 =2 =
The acceleration a can be calculated from the slope m according to the equation:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = 2𝑎𝑥. DO NOT FORGET UNITS.
𝑚 = 2𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = = ( ______ )
Signature: 3
Conclusion, Comment and Discussion:
(Tips: Give detail explanation about what you've learned in the experiment and explain the possible
errors and their reasons. As an assistance you can construct three sections here:
I) Results of the experiment, II) Comparison of the theory and the experiment and III) Errors)
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Questions:
1) There exists an energy loss due to friction in this experiment. If we want to calculate the loss
what changes should take place in the given energy formula (see also: theoretical background).
Derive the new formula.
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Signature: 4
2) Would the error in the experiment decrease if a wheel and axle with a lighter mass were used?
Why?"
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Signature: 5

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T.C.

GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

THE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT

NAME AND SURNAME :

Table 5.1: The heights and periods of the disk.

hx 𝒙 = 𝒉 − 𝒉𝒙 𝜟𝑻𝟏 𝜟𝑻𝟐 𝜟𝑻𝟑 𝜟𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒈

Table 5.2: Angular (ω) and experimental (𝑣 ) velocities.

7. As we know from kinematics, velocity as a function of displacement x is given by the expression

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