1 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
Daet, Camarines Norte

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER 1- WEEK 7.2

ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING THE VALUES OF a, h, and k ON THE GRAPH OF A

QUADRATIC FUNCTION IN THE FORM y = a (x – h)2 + k

Name: _______________________________ Section: _____________ Score: _____ Date: _______

I. Introduction
Hello learners! This Learning Activity Sheet is another tool to help
deepen your understanding and master the mathematical concepts and
principles in analyzing the effect of changing the values of a, h and k on
the graph of a quadratic function. Enjoy while learning!

II. Learning Objectives

After answering this activity sheet, you must be able to analyze the effect of
changing the values of a, h and k on the graph of a quadratic function
(M9AL-Ii-2).

Always remember health is wealth, so stay at home but continue to study and
learn more skills.

III. Vocabulary Words

Before we proceed to our lesson, let us first identify the unfamiliar words that
we might encounter in this activity. Are you ready?

• dilation – a graphical transformation that makes the graph narrower or

wider than the parent graph
• horizontal shift – is a change that affect the input or (x) axis values and
shift the graph of the function left or right.
• vertical shift - is when the graph literally moves vertically, up or down,
based on what happens to the y-value of the graph.
• transformation – a graphical way that a function can be adjusted to
create new functions.
• reflection – mirror image of a function

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
2 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

IV. Learning Activities

A. Discussion
Good day! Our discussion in this LAS will focus on the effect of
changing the values of a, h and k on the properties of the graph
of a quadratic function. Be with me as we analyze these
changes. Shall we begin? Good!

❖ Transformation of the Graph of a Function

Common types of transformations include:
a) Rotations
b) Translations
c) Reflections
d) Dilations
A transformation takes a basic function and changes it slightly with predetermined
methods. This change will cause the graph of the function to move, shift, or stretch,
depending on the type of transformation.

The graph of a quadratic function defined by the equation y = a (x – h)2 + k may be altered
by methods of transformation depending on the changes in the values of a, h and k.

❖ Reflection
A reflection of a function causes the graph to appear as a mirror image of the original
function.
Take a look at this situation:

We can see that changing the value of

(a) from positive to negative creates a y = (x+2)2
graphical transformation of the parent +1
graph. y = x2
We call this graphical transformation as
Reflection.
By changing the value of (a) from positive
y = -(x2) y = -(x+2)2
to negative, a new graph is formed which
+1
is a mirror image of the parent graph.
We can say that the new graph is the
same as the parent graph only that it is reflected
along the horizontal axis.
y = 20x2
❖ Dilation y = 3x2

Dilation has the effect of stretching or

compressing a graph. Dilation can be from
either the x-axis or the y-axis, or from both axes.
Look at these graphs on the right. y = x2
What do you observe on the opening of the
parabola as the value of (a) increases?

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
3 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

You are right!

As the value of (a) increases the opening of the graph becomes narrower. This means that
the graph is compressed horizontally.

Now, look at these graphs on the left.

y = x2
3 2 What do you observe on the opening of the
𝑦=
10
𝑥 parabola as the value of (a) decreases from 1 to
0?
Very good!
As the value of (a) decreases from 1 to 0, the
opening of the parabola becomes wider. This
3 2 means that the graph is stretched horizontally.
𝑦= 𝑥
20

The graph of a quadratic function y = ax2 is:

• Compressed horizontally by a factor of |𝑎| if |𝑎| > 1

1
• Stretched horizontally by a factor of | | if 0 < |𝑎| < 1
𝑎

Illustrative Example:
1. Compare the graph of f(x) = 3x2 to that of g(x) = x2 in terms of dilation.

Ans: The graph of f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is compressed
horizontally by a factor of 3.
1
2. Compare the graph of f(x) = x2 to that of g(x) = x2 in terms of dilation.
5

Ans: The graph of f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is stretched horizontally
by a factor of 5.

❖ Shift (Translation)
A translation is a function that moves every point at a constant distance in a specified
direction.

a) Horizontal Translation

To translate a function horizontally is the shift the function left or right. Horizontal shifts
are caused by adding or subtracting a value inside the function parameters.

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
4 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

Look at these graphs.

As you will notice:
Shifting the graph of y = x2 to the right
produces the equation: y = (x – 2)2

While shifting the graph of y = x2 to

the left produces the equation:
y = (x + 2)2

Analyze this: What is the relationship

of the value of (h) in the function y =
a (x – h)2 and the horizontal shift of the parent graph y = x2?
You are right!
Adding or subtracting a positive constant h to x determines the horizontal shift of the
parent graph y = x2.
In y = (x + 2)2, the value of h is -2, hence the parent graph is shifted 2 units to the left.

In y = (x – 2)2, the value of h is 2, hence the parent graph is shifted 2 units to the right.

Given the function y = a (x – h)2, the value of h determines the

horizontal shift of the graph.

• If h > 0, the parent graph, y = ax2, is shifted h units to the right.

• If h < 0, the parent graph, y = ax2, is shifted h units to the left

Illustrative Examples:
1. Compare the graph of f(x) = (x – 3)2 to that of g(x) = x2.

Ans: The graph of f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is shifted 3 units to the
right.
3
2. Compare the graph of f(x) = (x + )2 to that of g(x) = x2.
4

Ans: The graph of f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is shifted ¾ unit to the
left.

b) Vertical Translation

To translate a function vertically is to shift the function up or down.

Vertical shifts are caused by adding or subtracting a value outside of the function
parameters.

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
5 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

If a positive number is added, the function shifts up the y-axis by the amount
added.
If a positive number is subtracted, the function shifts down the y-axis by the amount
subtracted.
Look at these graphs on the right.

As you can see, translating the graph of the

parent function y = x2 up to the y-axis by two
units produces the equation: y = x2 + 2.

In the same manner, translating the graph of the

parent function y = x2 down the y-axis by 2 units
produces the equation: y = x2 – 2.

Now, think: What is the relationship of the value

of (k) in the function y = ax2 + k and the vertical
shift of the parent graph y = ax2?

You are right again!

Adding or subtracting a positive constant k determines the vertical shift of the parent
graph y = ax2.

Given the function y = ax2 + k, the value of k determines the

vertical shift of the graph.

• If k > 0, the parent graph, y = ax2, is shifted k units upward

• If k < 0, the parent graph, y = ax2, is shifted k units downward

Illustrative Examples:

1. Compare the graph of f(x) = 2x2 – 5 to that of g(x) = 2x2.

Ans: The graph of the f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is shifted 5 units
downward.

2. Compare the graph of f(x) = x2 + 2 to that of g(x) = x2

Ans: The graph of the f(x) is the same as the graph of g(x) only that it is shifted 2 units
upward.

Well done my dear student! You are now

ready to answer the following practice
exercises.

B. Practice Exercises

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
6 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

Activity A. Shall I compare thee?

Compare the graphs of the following quadratic functions to graph of f(x) = x2.
𝟓
1. 𝐠(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟐
𝟐
Ans: _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
2. 𝐡(𝐱) = (𝐱 − 𝟖)𝟐
Ans: _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
3. 𝐩(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒
Ans: _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
4. 𝐤(𝐱) = −(𝐱 − 𝟑)𝟐
Ans: _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ .
𝟐
5. 𝐦(𝐱) = (𝐱 + 𝟔)𝟐 −
𝟑
Ans: _________________________________________________________________________________
Activity B. Give Me My “Function”
Determine the functions whose graphs are described below. The first one is done for you.
1. The graph of f(x) = 2x2 is shifted 3 units to the right.
Ans: f(x) = 2(x – 3)2
2. The graph of g(x) = x2 is reflected along the x-axis.
Ans: ______________
3. The graph of p(x) = (x – 2)2 is shifted 5 units downward.
Ans: ______________
4. The graph of k(x) = x2 is shifted 7 units to the left and stretched horizontally by a factor of 4.
Ans: ______________
1
5. The graph of q(x) = x 2 is shifted 3 units to the right and 3 units downward.
3
Ans: ______________
6. The graph of h(x) = (x – 3)2 is compressed horizontally by a factor of 3 and shifted 9 units
upward.
Ans: ______________
7. The graph of j(x) = x2 is reflected along the x-axis, shifted ½ unit to the right and ¾ unit
downward, and stretched horizontally by a factor of 2.
Ans: ______________
8. The graph of m(x) = (x – 3)2 – 7 is shifted 5 units to the left, 10 units upward and compressed
horizontally by a factor of 5/2.
Ans: ______________

It’s been a great journey! You’re done with different activities in analyzing the
effect of changing the values of a, h and k with respect to the graph of the function
y= a (x – h)2 + k. Congratulations!

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte
7 | Mathematics 9_LAS_ Q1 _Week 7.2

V. REFLECTION
After being able to identify the concepts learned, it’s now time to test
whether you have acquired and learned the skills in analyzing the
effects of changing the values of a, h and k in the equation y = a(x –
h)2 + k of a quadratic function on its graph. Get ready to write your
answer on the table below.

Today, I learned about________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

ANSWER KEY:
Activity A

1. The graph of g(x) is the same as that of f(x) only that it is compressed horizontally by a factor of 5/2.
2. The graph of h(x) is the same as that of f(x) only that it is shifted 8 units to the right.
3. The graph of p(x) is the same as that of f(x) only that it is shifted 4 units upward.
4. The graph of k(x) is the same as that of f(x) only that is reflected along the horizontal axis and shifted
3 units to the right.
5. The graph of m(x) is the same as that of f(x) only that is shifted 6 units to the left and 2/3 unit downward.
Activity B
1
1. f(x) = 2(x − 3)2 5. q(x) = 3 (x − 3)2 − 3
2. g(x) = −x 2 6. h(x) = 3(x − 3)2 + 9
1 1 3
3. p(x) = (x − 2)2 − 5 7. j(x) = − 2 (x − 2)2 − 4
1 5
4. k(x) = (x + 7)2 8. m(x) = 2 (x + 2)2 + 3
4
Reflection
(Answer may vary in the explanation)
VI. References:
E-math 9, Work text in Mathematics, Oronce & Mendoza. 2015
Dilao, Soledad Jose and Bernabe, Julieta G., Intermediate Algebra Mathematics 9 Learner’s Module

CONGRATULATIONS for a job well done! You were able

to master the lesson in analyzing the effect of changing
the values of a, h and k on the graph of the function y =
a (x – h)2 + k, it means you can still do more. It is so
much fun, right? Keep going and happy learning!
Keep safe!

QUARTER 1 MATHEMATICS LAS DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer / Illustrator/Layout Artist: JASON N. BARGO

Editor: MARIFE S. OSORIO
Reviewers: MARCELINO A. ORTUA/JOY G. CABRERA /AMY DUMAIL

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES NORTE

Eco Athletic Field, F. Pimentel Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
camarines.norte@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Camarines Norte