P3A-AG1_D
P3A-AG1_D
P3A-AG1_D
DOCUMENT REVISION STATUS: DETERMINED BY THE LAST ENTRY IN THE "REV" AND "DATE" COLUMN
REV. DESCRIPTION SIGNATURE REV. DATE
REVISED SPECIFICATION TO MEET ASTM AND ASNT
(SNT-TC1A) REQUIREMENTS. (TVTRICOZZI) Q - f c . V^y^- 1994 DEC 19
© COPYRICHT19MCENERALELECTRIC COMPANY
PREPARED BY:
T.V. TRICOZZI
ORIG. ISSUE DATE:
December 27,1965
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P3A-AG1 GE Power Generation Engineering Page 2 of 17
REV. D Materials and Processes Engineering
Schenectady. NY 12345
1. SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for magnetic particle
examination used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface discontinuities
in ferromagnetic materials.
1.3 Magnetic slurry/paint and magnetic polymers are authorized for use to this process
specification.
2. COMMUNICATION
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3. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
3.1 The following documents shall form an integral part of this specification to the
extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue shall apply.
3.1.1 American Society for Nondestructive Testing
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive
Testing
3.1.2 American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTMA275/A275M Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle
Examination of Steel Forgings
ASTM E709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive
Examinations
ASTM E1444 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
4. DEFINITIONS
4.1 Personnel
4.1.1 Purchaser - The GE Power Generation Operation (PGO), or its Business
Associate.
4.1.2 External Supplier - The corporation, company, partnership, sole proprietorship
or individual engaged to perform the process covered by this Specification.
4.1.3 Internal Supplier - Any GE Power Generation Manufacturing Department.
4.1.4 Supplier - As used herein, unless specifically designated, refers to either an
External or an Internal Supplier.
5. ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS
5.1.1 The acceptance requirements applicable to the part or group of parts shall be
incorporated as part of the written procedure either specifically or by reference
to other applicable documents containing the necessary information.
5.1.2 Applicable drawings and/or specifications, etc., must specify the acceptance
size and concentration of discontinuities for the component, with zoning of
unique areas as required by design requirements, and as determined by
Design Engineering.
5.2 Personnel Qualification
5.2.1 The tests shall be performed by personnel qualified and certified through an
established program that reflects the intent of the recommended guidelines
provided in ASNT document SNT-TC-1A.
5.2.2 Where requirements of SNT-TC-1A have been modified to meet the needs of
the inspection company, they shall be specifically detailed in the company's
written practice for qualification and certification of personnel.
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5.4.1.6 Directions for positioning the item with respect to the magnetizing
equipment, for each surface inspected.
5.4.1.7 The type of magnetizing current and the equipment to be used when
work is done with portable or mobile equipment.
5.4.1.8 Method of establishing the magnetization (head shot, coil, prods yoke
cable wrap, electromagnets, permanent magnet, etc.), for each surface
inspected.
5.4.1.9 Directions of magnetization to be used, the order in which they are
applied, and any demagnetization procedures to be used between shots.
5.4.1.10 Estimated current level required.
5.4.1.11 Type of magnetic particle material (dry or wet, visible or fluorescent, color
of visible particles, etc.) to be used and the method and equipment to be
used for its application, and for the case of wet particles, the particle
concentration limits.
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P3A-AG1 GE Power Generation Engineering Page 7 of 17
REV. D Materials and Processes Engineering
Schenectady. NY 12345
5.6.5 Minimum acceptable black light intensity is 1000 microwatts/cm2 at the part
surface. Black lights shall be checked at the interval specified herein and after
bulb replacement, for output intensity. Black light reflectors and filters shall be
checked daily for cleanliness and integrity. Damaged or dirty reflectors or
filters shall be replaced or otherwise corrected as appropriate.
5.6.6 Black Light Intensity Procedure
5.6.6.1 An intensity check is required for each black light used for evaluation.
5.6.6.2 Intensity check shall be accomplished with the black light in a fixed
position pointing down toward to a flat surface.
5.6.6.3 The face of the black light filter should be 15" (+/-1/4 inch) from the
sensing element of the light intensity meter.
5.6.6.4 The sensor should be moved around on the flat surface until the
maximum reading on the meter is obtained. DO NOT move the black
light.
5.6.6.5 A Black Light Intensity Log/Record shall be kept and should include as a
minimum the date, identification of person taking reading, black light
intensity, identification of black light meter/sensor, and the date the meter
and sensor were last calibrated/certified.
5.7 Materials
5.7.1 Dry and wet particles selected for use must be capable of demonstrating the
sensitivity required by the acceptance requirements.
5.7.2 Aerosol can suspensions of magnetic particles are approved for use, providinq
they meet the requirements of Para. 5.7.1.
5.7.3 The suspension vehicle for the wet method shall be a light petroleum distillate
or a suitably conditioned water.
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P3A-AG1 GE Power Generation Engineering Page 9 of 17
REV. D Materials and Processes Engineering
Schenectady. NY 12345
6. PRACTICE
6.1 Preparation of Parts for Examination
6.1.1 The part shall be demagnetized before examination if prior operations have
produced a residual magnetic field that may interfere with the examination.
6.1.2 The surface of the part shall be essentially smooth, clean, dry, and free of oil,
scale, machining marks, or other contaminants or conditions that might
interfere with the efficiency of the inspection. Where possible, the wet method
of testing shall be used on machined surfaces with a surface finish of 250AA
(Arithmetic Average) or smoother.
6.1.5.1 Thin non conductive coatings such as paint in the order of 1 or 2 mils
(0.02 to 0.05 mm) will not normally interfere with the formation of
indications, but they must be removed at all points where electrical
contact is to be made for direct magnetization.
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6.1.6.1 A conductive coating such as chrome plating and heavy mill scale on
wrought products can mask discontinuities. As with non-conductive
coatings, it must be demonstrated that the discontinuities can be detected
through the coating.
6.2 Magnetization Methods
6.2.1 Permanent magnets shall not be used unless specifically authorized by the
purchaser.
6.2.2 Yokes shall not be used unless specifically authorized by the purchaser.
6.2.3 Electromagnets energized by application of magnetizing current, either alone
or in aiding pairs, may be used.
6.2.4 Central conductors, cable wraps, direct contact head shots are authorized for
use.
6.2.5 Prods shall not be used unless specifically authorized by the purchaser.
6.2.6 To ensure detection of discontinuities in any direction, each part surface must
be magnetized in at least two directions at right angles to each other.
Surfaces or features which have no acceptance requirement for magnetization
in two directions shall only require magnetization in the orientation needed to
meet the specified requirement.
6.2.7 Multi-directional Magnetization may be used to fulfill the requirements for
magnetization in two directions if it is demonstrated that it is effective in all
required areas.
6.2.8 Induced Current Magnetization (toroidal or circumferential field) is authorized
for use.
6.3 Magnetic Field Strength
6.3.1 The applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to produce
satisfactory indications, but it must not be so strong that it causes the masking
of relevant indications. Adequate magnetic field strength may be determined
by one or both of the following methods:
6.3.1.1 By testing parts having known or artificial discontinuities of the type, size,
and location specified in the acceptance requirements.
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REV. D Materials and Processes Engineering
Schenectady. NY 12345
6.3.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the current level for head shots should be
from 300 to 800 Amperes/inch of part diameter. The diameter of the part
shall be taken as the greatest distance between any two points on the
outside circumference of the part.
6.3.3.2.1 When the central conductor passing through the inside of the part is
placed against an inside wall, see ASTM-E-1444 or ASTM-E-709
for recommended current levels.
6.3.3.2.2 The distance along the part inside circumference that is effectively
magnetized should be taken as four times the diameter of the
central conductor, unless it can be shown that the magnetic field
extends further.
6.3.3.3 Central conductors shall be used to produce circular magnetic fields for
detection of axially-oriented discontinuities on inside diameters such as
thru-bores, blind bores, etc.
6.3.4.1 Low Fill Factor Coils are situations when the cross-sectional area of the
coil is ten or more times the cross-sectional area of the part being
inspected. Current levels recommended in ASTM-E-1444 or ASTM-E-709
may be used.
6.3.4.2 Intermediate Fill Factor Coils are situations when the cross-sectional area
of the coil is between two and ten times the cross-sectional area of the
part being inspected. Current levels recommended in ASTM-E-1444 or
ASTM-E-709 may be used.
6.3.4.3 Cable Wrap or High Fill Factor Coils are situations when the cross-
sectional area of the coil is less than twice the cross-sectional area of the
part being tested. Current levels recommended in ASTM-E-1444 or
ASTM-E-709 may be used.
6.3.4.4 When longitudinal magnetization is accomplished by coils, a high fill
factor is preferred.
6.3.4.5 When length-to-diameter (LVD) ratio is too low for adequate longitudinal
magnetization, pole pieces (pieces of ferromagnetic material with the
same diameter as the part being tested) should be placed on each end of
the part to increase the LVD ratio, or another technique should be used.
6.4 Particle Application
6.4.1 Wet Continuous method is required. Dry continuous method may be used with
prior approval of the purchaser.
6.4.2 Residual method shall only apply to examination of parts in areas in which,
because of geometric constraints, the continuous method cannot be used. The
residual method shall be used only when specifically approved by the
purchaser or when it has been documented that it can detect actual or artificial
discontinuities in test parts having the same material and processing steps,
and similar geometry to the actual part.
6.4.3 Magnetic Polymers may be used with prior approval of the purchaser.
6.5 Evaluation
6.5.1 Following magnetization and particle application, the part shall be examined
for indications. AH indications will be identified as relevant or non-relevant.
Relevant indications are due to a discontinuity in the material. Non-relevant
indications are not due to a discontinuity in the material and thus will not have
a detrimental effect on the function of the part. Relevant indications will be
compared to accept/reject criteria.
6.5.2 When required, the location of all rejectable indications shall be marked on the
part.
6.5.3 Indications which are not acceptable in accordance with the applicable
acceptance standards require submittal of the appropriate request for deviation
document (SDR or QCR in accordance with Para. 2.3.
6.6 Post-Inspection Demagnetization and Cleaning
6.6.1 Unless otherwise specified, all parts shall be demagnetized, cleaned and
corrosion protected after examination.
6.6.2 Demagnetization
6.6.2.1 When using an ac demagnetizing coil, hold the part approximately 1 foot
in front of the coil and then move it slowly and steadily through the coil
and at least 3 feet beyond the end of the coil. Repeat as necessary.
Rotate and tumble parts of complex configuration while passing through
the field of the coil. If the part cannot be moved, move the coil in the
same manner described. Operator shall ensure that the part is entirely
removed from the influence of the coil before the demagnetizing force is
discontinued, otherwise the demagnetizer may have the reverse effect of
magnetizing the part.
6.6.2.2 When using dc demagnetization, the initial field shall be higher than and
in nearly the same direction as, the field reached during inspection. The
field shall then be reversed, decreased in magnitude, and the process
repeated (cycled) until an acceptably low value of residual field is
reached.
6.6.2.3 Yokes may be used for local demagnetization by placing the poles on the
surface, moving them around the area, and slowly withdrawing the yoke
while it is still energized.
6.6.3 Unless otherwise specified, acceptable residual magnetism is + 3 Gauss or
less, or ± 2 divisions, or less, on the Magnaflux Field Indicator. Residual
magnetic field requirements apply only to surfaces specifically noted on Dart
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drawings, etc.
6.6.3.1 WARNING - The sensing element within some pocket field indicators
is not located 5/8" from the outside diameter. (Example: square
meters)
6.6.3.2 Gauss/Tesla Meters may be used provided the readings are taken at a
distance of 5/8" from the surface being checked for residual field.
6.6.3.3 One of the following procedures for Checking Accuracy of Round Pocket
Field Indicators is required:
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7. PROCESS/QUALITY CONTROLS
7.1 System Performance
7.1.2.1 Black light intensity shall be checked at least once per day.
7.1.2.2 Ambient white light intensity shall be checked at least once per day.
7.1.2.3 Visible light intensity shall be checked at least once per day.
7.1.2.6 Wet particle contamination shall be checked at least each time the
particle concentration is checked.
7.1.2.7.1 Ammeter accuracy shall be verified at least once every six months.
7.1.2.7.2 Timer controls shall be checked at least once every six months.
7.1.2.7.3 Quick break circuit shall be checked at least once every six months.
7.1.2.7.4 Dead weight check shall be performed at least once every two
months.
7.1.2.7.8 Calibrated Field Indicators shall be certified at least once every six
months.
7.1.2.7.9 Calibrated Field Indicator Tester shall be certified at least once per
year.
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7.2.1 Suspension concentration check is not required for aerosol can solutions.
7.2.2 Wet Particle Concentration, Contamination, and Water Break Tests shall be
performed in accordance with ASTM-E-1444 requirements.
7.3 Equipment Calibration
7.3.1 Calibration requirements for ammeter accuracy, timer control accuracy quick
break, and dead weight checks shall be in accordance with ASTM-E-1444.
7.3.2 Black Light/White Light Intensity Meters, Pocket Field Indicators,
Gauss/TeslaMeters, Field Indicator Testers, etc., shall be calibrated to the
manufacturer's specifications.
7.4 Eve Glasses
7.4.1 When using fluorescent materials, inspectors shall not wear eye glasses that
are photochromic or that have permanently darkened lenses.
7.4.2 Eye glasses with lenses treated to absorb ultraviolet light are permitted.
7.5 Safety
7.5.1 The safe handling of magnetic particles, oil vehicles, water baths, and water
conditioner concentrates are governed by the suppliers' Material Safety Data
Sheets.
7.6.1 Personnel should wait at least 3 minutes after entering a darkened area for
their eyes to adjust to the low-level lighting before performing fluorescent
magnetic particle examination.
8. EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
8.1 All indications in weld craters shall be considered relevant and shall be evaluated in
accordance with applicable acceptance standards.
8.3 The absence of indications upon re-testing by magnetic particle inspection after
removal of the surface roughness, or other condition, shall be considered to prove
that the indications were of non-relevant origin.
8.4 If a re-test again reveals indications, these and all of the original indications shall be
considered to be relevant and shall be evaluated in accordance with applicable
acceptance standards.
9. RECORD OF TEST
9.1 The following information shall be supplied by the Supplier:
9.1.1 Supplier name
9.2 Copies of the magnetic particle test report shall be submitted to the appropriate
Engineering group through appropriate channels.
/ct-12-16-94
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COMPANY AND MAY NOT BE USED OR DISCLOSED TO
OTHERS. EXCEPT WITH THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.