JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group)

- Student handout

TABLEOFCONTENT
SI. No
Topics Page Number
1. NUMBER SYSTEM 1
2. AVERAGE
3
3. RATIO AND PROPORTION 5
4. PERCENTAGE 6
5. TIME SPEED AND DISTANCE 7
6. TIME AND WORK 10
7. PROFIT AND LOSS 12
8. SIMPLE INTEREST AND COMPOUND INTEREST 14
9. PROBLEMS ON AGES 15
10. PROBABILITY 17
11. PERMUTATIO N AND COMBINATION 18
12. BLOOD RELATION 20
13. DIRECTION SENSE 21
14. CODING AND DECODING 22
1S. CLOCKS 23
16. CALENDARS 24
17. SEATING ARRANGEMENT 26
18. NUMBER SERIES 28
19. DATA INTERPRETATION 28
20. DATA SUFFICIENCY 31
21. ALPHANUMERIC PROBLEMS 32
22. SYLLOGISM 33
23. VISUAL SEQUENCE 35
24. CRYPTARITHMETIC 37
25.'VERBAL ABILITYI 39
26.t VERBAL ABILITY II 44
27.( VERBAL ABILITY III 49
28.) VERBAL ABILTY IV 52
29.t ERBAL ABILITYV 58
30. GROUP DISCUSSION 59
31. RESUME WRITING AND COVER LETTER 59
32. INTERVIEW SKILLS 61
 JVGlobal Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

NUMBER SYSTEM
Rules of Divisibility
When anynumberN is divided bya divisord with no remainder, it is completely divisible by d. (or0
remainder). In other words,d completely divides N.
In this section, we only cover the most pertinent one, which is asked in all competitive exams ona
regular basis.
Divisibility by3
A number whose digital root or sum of all digits is divisible by3 is divisible by 3.
Divisibility by4
A number who's last two digits are divisible by 4, is divisible by 4.
Divisibility by6
As 6 =3 x 2 Numbers divisible by3 and 2 are divisible by 6. In other words, all even numbers which
aredivisible by3 are divisible by 6.
Divisibility by7
Progressively subtract double the last digit from the remaining number. If the result is divisible by 7,
then the number is divisible by7 as well.
Divisibility by8
A number who's last three digits are divisible by8 is divisible by 8.
For example, 83864 is divisible by8 as 864 is divisible by 8.
Divisibility by9
A number whose digital root or sum of all digits is divisible by9 is divisible by 9.
Divisibility by 11
The difference between thesums ofalternate digits of the number must be divisible by 11 to search
for divisibility by 11
TRAILING ZERO
In the representation ofa number,a trailing zero isa zero digit that has no non-zero digits that are
less meaningful than the zero digit. To put it another way, it'sa zero digit with no non-zero digits to
its right.
How many trailing zeros do these numbers have?
• 25 S^: 24 54canbecombines to make 104there are4 trailing zeros.
• 23• 3* •72 54 :23& 53 Andcan becombined to make103.There are3 trailing zeros.
Factorials in Base Ten
In light of the above theorem, the strategy for finding the trailing zeros ofa factorial will revolve
around the prime factorization of the factorial.
For example:
10! = 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
22x 5’x 32 x 23 x 71 x 2* x 51 x 2*
x 3' x 2 1,
x 3'
Which can be rewritten as
x71
10! =2 x 34x 5^
Theminimum power between 2’& 5*is 2. Therefore 10! Has2 trailing zeros.

FICF AND LCM

1. HCF (highest common factor):
The number which is largest common factor of all the given number. When this largest number
divides the given number remainder will be zero. This is also called as Greatest common divisor
(GCD).
2. LCM (Least common multiple):
The least number which is exactly divisible by each ofthe given number is called LCM.
HCF and LCM formula:
Product of two numbers = Product of HCF and LCM
For two numbersa andb
a b = HCF (a, b) LCM (a, b)

1
iv ci«ralServices LLP (NaxcvaGroup) Student handout

UNIT DIGIT
Unit digit
The digit in the one'sposition ofa number is called the Uni*dig›*•›tit.it thef •OrdS,the gumber
S
rightmost digit.
Forexample, the unit digit of 576, IS 6, while the unit digit of 78 is 8.
However, what is the unit digit of large numbers such as 23 to the power of46 or2021 TO the pOyjey
of2021? Calculating the unit's digit of thesenumbers is not easy in this case. So,let'stake ¿} IoOy it
how to find the units digit ofa large number.
Table 1. The fCtIIowing table will give the clear picture of the unitdigit andthere CyCi\:ity.
Numbers Unit digit Cyclicity

1 1 1
2,4,8,6 4
3 3,9,7,1 4
4 4,6 2
5 5 1
6 6 1
7 7,9,3,1 4
) 8 8, 4, 2,6 ) 4
) 9 ) 9,1 2

FACTORS
Every composite number canbe written asa product of some prime numbers, as we all know. For
instance, we can write 90 as2 «32 x5 This is known asprime factorization, and it is the first step
in resolving any factor related problems.
Total Number offactors
If we want tofind the number offactors of any number, say X,we should do the following:
Step 1: Prime factorize X= Pa «Qb xR°
Step 2: Then total number offactors of X:N = (a+1) (b+1) (c+1)
Sum of factors
To find the sum of all the factors ofa number (say X), we should do the following:
Step 1: Prime factorize X= Pax Q*xRc
b+i _J
)‹°
C -1- ‘1
) R
Step 2: Sum of factors =(
Q—1 R-1
Product of Factors
To find the product of all the factors ofa number (say X), we should do the following:
Step 1: Prime factorize X= Pa •Qb •Rc
N
Step 2: Product of factors =}{2
Odd Factors
Odd factors = pa+1 lb+1• RC”1
Since P is always2 i.e. Even number So if we eliminateP terms remaining (b+1)* (c+1)
Even factors
Difference between thetotal factors Odd factors
Exercise problems:
1. If the number S1783*4 is completely divisible by 8, then the smallest whole number in the
place of* will be?
a. 2 b.3 c.4 d.0
 JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

2. What is the unit digit in the product (265x 7^9)?

a. 4 b.5 c.8 d.6
3. How many trailing zeroes (zeroes at the end of the number) does 120! have?
a. 24 b. 25 c. 28 d. 26
4. A number when divided by 364 leaves 39 as remainder. When thesame number is divided by
14, the remainder will be.
a. 09 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12
5. If one-third of one-fourth ofa number is 17, then five-tenth of that number is
a. 51 b. 102 c. 204 d. 122
6. Find the least five-digit number which is divisible by 15, 2S, 40 and 75 is:
a. 10220 b. 10200 c. 11200 d. 12200
7. Find the total number offactors of 130
a. 6 b.7 c.8 d. 10
8. How many ofthefollowing numbers aredivisible by 66?
264, 396, 462, 792, 968, 2178, 5184, 6336
a. 6 b.7 c.8 d.5
6 5
9. Find the unit digit of the sum of the unit digit in (7 a,3’ ,6 )?5

a. 4 b.5 c.2 d.6

10. How many trailing zeroes (5x 10x 15x 20 x..........500) does have?
a. 124 b. 97 c. 112 d. 24
11. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 second's
respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together?
a. 14 b. 15 c. 16 d. 18
12. Ina large school auditorium, the students are made tosit to watch the programmes. If the
teachers makea row ofstudents of 16 each, there will be 12 students left. If they make rows
of 24 each, then there will be 20 students left, if they make rows of 25 each, there will be 21
students left and if they make rows of 30 each, there will be 26 students left. What is the
minimum number ofstudents present in the school?
a. 1216 b. 17g4 c. 1196 d. 2396
13.The difference betweena two-digit number and thenumber obtained by interchanging the
digits is 36. What is the difference between the sum and the difference of the digits of the
number if the ratio between the digits of the number is1 : 2 ?
a. 4 b.8 c. 16 d.None ofthèse
5 6 2
14. How many factors of2 *3 *5 are perfect squares?
a. 18 b. 24 c. 36 d.8

AVERAGES
Average is the mean value that is equal to the sum of the numbers ina given set of values divided by
the total number ofvalues in the set.
Sum of Observations _ Total Distance
Average =N u mber ofObservations Average Speed
Total Time
2xy
1. When thedistance is constant: Average speed = x+y’ Where,x andy arethe two speeds at
which the same distance has been covered.
3xyz
2. When the
3 distance are constant: Average speed Where, x,y and z are the three
speeds at which the same distance has been covered.
Where, x,y and z are the three speeds at which the same distance has been covered
n+n+c
3. When the 3 distance are different and speeds also different: Average speed =

Where, A,B & C aredifferent distance& x,y and z are the different speeds.

3
 - StuJûf\th*IndC!LJ!
If Global Servi/0›LLy (gașcvaGroup)

x+ y,
t:i+if? takł2n is constant:Average spełžd
Where, x andy are the two speeds dt Whi‹h
‹. wxłZ« 2

we travelled for thesame time.

Ntualbci- of RtrnsgÌVeli
5. Bowling Average =N\I..›...O›•›C•...S..•.•r
Nuæber ofRuns scored
C. Batting Average = Ntiistber of ilinings jalayed
f w, then5 years ago the averagf? ¿Igł? ofN
7. Ifthe average age OfN Plumber of peoplf?iSA US O FìO
people is A-5
average age ofN
9. If the average age ofN number ofpeople isA as of now, then 15 years later the
people is A+15
Exerciseproblems:
1. The average of 11 numbers is 10.9. If the average of first six is 10.5 and that of the last six is 11.4
the sixthnumber is?
. M.o b. 11.3 c. 11.4 d. 11.5
A3 is 30. What is the value ofAlt
2. The average ofAt,AzandA3 is 14. Twice the sum ofA2 and
a. zo b. z7 c. 16 d.2
3. The average age of 45 girl's students ina class is 13 years, 15 new boys with an average age of 18
year join the class. What is the average age of all the students in the class?
a. 13.15-year b. 14.25-year c. 12.28-year d. 16.42-year
4. The average salary of the whole staff ina textile garment isR 200 per day. The average salary of
managers isR 550 and that of workers isR 120. If the number ofmanagers is 16, then find the
number ofworkers in the garments.
a. 72 b. 60 c. 70 d. 65
5. Aimed at9 innings, Amogh hasanaverage of 75 runs. In the 10th innings, he scores 100 runs, thus
increasing his average. His new average is.
a. 72 b. 75 c.77.5 d. 78.6
6. The average marks of 13 papers are 40. The average marks ofthe first7 papers are 42 and that of
the last seven papers is 35. Find the marks obtained in the 7th paper.
a. 19 b. 23 c. 38 d. 57
7. The average salary of 30 officers ina firm is Rs.120 and the average salary of laborers is Rs. 40.
Fïnd the total number oflaborers if the average salary of the firm is Rs. 50.
a. Rs.180 b. Rs.240 c. Rs.420 d. Rs.210
8. Venkatesh has earned as an ayerage of 4,200 dollars for the first eleven months oftheyear. If he
justifies his staying in the US on the basis of his ability to earn at least 5000 dollars per month for
theentire year, then how much should he earn (in dollars) in the last month toachieve his required
average forthe whole year?
ã. 14600 b. 13800 c. 12800 d. 11800
9. Ina class, the average marks of40 students were calculated to be 52.15. It was laterdiscovered
that the marks ofa student were taken to be 49, instead of 85. Find the real average of the class.
a. S3.05 b. 53.15 c. 52.85 d. 52.95
10. Considera class of 40 students whose average weight is 40 kgs. m new students jointhİS CläSS
whose average weight isn kgs.If it ïs known that m + n 50, what is the maximum possìble average
weight of the class now?
a. 40.18 kgs b.40.56 kgs c. 40.67 kgs d. 40.49kgs
11. The average weight ofa classOf 24students is 36 kg. When theweight of the teacheriS aISO
included, the average weight increases by1 kg.What is the weight of the teacher?
a. 61 kg b. 60 kg c. 37 kg d. None ofthese
12.A CläSS had 9 students. In one test, the class average was 61.One student's paper wcsscored
incorrectly, and the resultingsCofe was raìsed 18 points. What is the corrected class averaged
a. 70 b. 63 c. 72 d. C2
13.Out ofthe three:cmester examinations, coch witha total of SOO marks, a student secured 3vû‹•^b*^
‹na S°ż’• and 5ú%› In th0 first end second semester examinations, To w‹nvc an overcall •nver:*g*”
of ÛOÄ, how many marks ËoCh tțțg Sțgggnț gggØ [gşççyș (p t)gg t)ypy
sc•n cster ex3t»ItictIont
be 350 f3•3 c. «so d, 100
\
b'b*#»* n|csttP(Nvem G« œ)-Shdentundout

14.If tho •\\mer.abc age cf Dincsli aucl Mahesls is 16 ycars, the average age of Maliesh and I\2l1rIl Ïs 13
\’ears and the aver‹aye ‹age of Dinesl and Rahul is 11 ycars, thct what is the ‹Age o( Mahcsh?
a. 15 Years b. 20 ygars c. S8 years d. 1£î yca£S.

RATIO AND PROPORTION

hatic is the comparison or sinplifier/ form of two quantities of the same kind. This relation indicates
ho\x' many times one quantity is equal to the other; or in other words, ratio isa number, which
expresses one quantity asa fraction of the other.
Ratio is expressed in the forn of a: b.
\Vhere,a is called antecedent atidb is called consequent.
Types of ratios:
1. Duplicate ratio of (a: b) is (a^: b*).
2. Sub-duplicate ratio of (a: b) is (Va: Vb).
3. Triplicate ratio of (a: b) is (a3: b^).
4. Sub-triplicate ratio of (a: b) is (pa: lb).
PROPORTION:
The proportion is used to express the relation of two ratios. Proportion is represented by the symbol
‘= ‘or ‘:: ‘. If the ratio a:b is equal to the ratio c: d, then a, b, c,d is said to be in proportion.
Using symbols we write as a:b = c:d or a:b ::c : d
The two terms ‘b’ and ‘c’ are called ‘means or mean term,’ and the terms ‘a’ and ‘d’ are known as
‘extremes or extreme terms.’
1. d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, c.
2. c is called the third proportion toa and b.
3. Mean proportional betweena andb is Vab.
4. Product of means = Product of extremes
Exercise problems:
1. Find the fourth proportional to 4,9 and 12?
a. 18 b. 21 c. 24 d. 27
2. Ina college, the ratio of the number ofboys to girls is 9: 5. If there are 160 girls, the total number
ofstudents in the college is.
a. 486 b. 496 c. 448 d. None ofthèse
3. Il A‹ B = 2:3, B:C = 4:3, C:D = 2:3 then find A: B:C:D.
a. 16:24:18:27 b. 16:24:27:18 c. 16:27:18:24 d. 18:27:24:16
4. The sum of the two numbers is 40 and their difference is 4. What is the ratio of the two number?
a. 13:7 b. 17:13 c. 17:9 d. 11:9
5. The number oforanges in three baskets are in the ratio of 3: 4: 5. In which ratio the no. of oranges
in first two baskets must be increased so that the new ratio becomes 5:4:2?
a. 19:13 b. 19:12 c. 13:19 d. 12:19
6. Ranju had 10 paise, 25 paise and 50 paise coins in the ratio of 10 :8 : 9 respectively. After giving
Rs. 20 her mother she hasRs.40.How many 50 paise coins did she have?
a. 72 b. 64 c. 84 d. 52
7. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more thana third number. the ratio of the two
numbers is:
a. 3:4 b. 4:5 c. 5:6 d. 6:7
8. 300 coins consists of1 rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise coins, their values being in the ratio of 10: 4:
3. Find the number ofcoins of each type.
a. 100, 80, 120 b. 80, 90, 120 c. 100, 100, 120 d. 60, 80, 120
9. 3L of milk are drawn froma container containing 30L of milk. It is replaced by water and the
process is repeated3 times. What is the ratio of milk to water atthe end7
73 9 ;î1 271
a. d. 72')
io. classA has boys to girls in the ratio 2: 3, ClassB has girls to boys in the ratlo 5: 3. If ttier uli ber of
students In ClassA Is at least twice as mony asthenumhcr ofst .idcizts in Class B, w( at Is the
minimum percentage of boys when lJotf› classes arc consldurctl togctliui"7
a. 33.33% 1›. 40% c. 39.17'4
« clr srrvicc°s LLP (N9xeva Group) - Student handout

BOO kgs of an alloy of tin and lead in the ratio 1:3 is mixed withx kgs of an alloy of tin and lead in
the «tie s:2. If the overall ailoy should contain between 40% and 50% tin, what is the range of
valuesx can take?
a. 100 kgs s x fi 200 kgs C. 110kgs üxS 220kgs
h. 50 kgsü x fi 240 kgs d. 75 kgs1 x fi 250 kgs
12. The wages of laborers ina factory increases in the ratio 22:25 and there was a reduction in the
number oflaborers in the ratio 15:11. Find the original wage bill if the present bill is Rs. 5000?
a. Rs. 5500 b.R . 60o0 c. Rs. 6200 d. Rs. 6650
13. h4ahindra Singh purchaseda 40-seater bus. He started his services on route number2 (from Mahu
Naka to Dewas Naka with FOLite length of 50 km). His profit (P) from the bus depends upon the
number of passengers overa certain minimum number ofpassengers ’n’ and upon thedistance
tra ‹elled by bus. His profit is Rs.3600 with 29 passengers in the bus fora journey of 36 km and
Rs.6300 with 36 passengers in the bus fora journey of 42 km. What is the minimum number of
passengers are required so that he will not suffer any loss.
a. 12 b. 20 c. 18 d. 15
14. Eight years ago, the ratio oi ages ofAkhil and Akash was 1:5. 12 years from now, the ratio changes
to7: 15. Find the sum of the antecedent and the consequent of the ratio of their present ages,
when theratio is in its lowest form.
a. 3 b.4 c.6 d.1

PERCENTAGE
A percentage isa number or ratio expressed asa fraction of 100 in mathematics. It is frequently
denoted by the percent sign," % ", though the abbreviations "pct."& "pc" are also used.
X
1. To express X% asa fraction, X% = —COO
2. To express in percentage, bx100 %
3. If the price ofa product increases by R%, then the reduction of consumption so as not to increase
Rx100
the expenditure is R+ 100
4. If the price ofa product decreases by R%, then the increase of consumption so as not to decrease
the expenditure is
100-R
Letthepopulation of the town beP now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum.
1. Po pulation aftern years =P (1
2. Populationn years ago — ( + PR )n

Let the present value ofa machine be P. Suppose it depreciates ata rate of R% per annum.
1. Value of the machine aftern years ——P (1
Value of the machinen y earsa go =( P
, R ).
3. IfA is R% more than B, ThenB is less thanA by R
xl00
lR+100
%
4. IfA is R% less than B, ThenB is more thanA by [ R
100t %
t100—R

Exercise problems:
1. If 45 is 120% ofa number, then what is 80% of the same number?
a. 30 b. 32 c. 36 d. 38
2. Ina test, Tom scored 10% more than Jerry and Jerry scored
S% more than Bruno. If Bruno scored
600 marks oUt of800, then Tom's marks are:
a. 6S0 b. 720 C•610 d. None ofthese
*. X got 30% OU the ma•ÏMUM m6fks in the examlnation and
failed by 10 marks. However,Y who toOk
the same examlnation, got 40’/o of th0 total marks and
got 1s marks more than the pass mark.
What Was thepass mark in the cxamination7
a. 75 b. 2S0 c. OO d. 8S
JV Global ScrvibcS LLP (Nax0va Group) - Stt dent handout

4. Two students appeared foran examination. One of them scored9 marks more than the other and
his SCorc was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:
• 39,30 b. 43,32 c. 42,33 d. 43,34
5. If the price of the petrol increases by 25% and Kevin intends to spend only an additional 15% on
petrol, then fry what percentage must he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
a. 6.G7a b. 10% c. 8% d. None ofthese
6. A town’s population is 125000 and increases ata rate of 2%. What is the town's population after
3 years and before3 years?
a. 132651& 117G49 h. 152361& 171469 c. 136251& 114679 d. None ofthese
7. In an election between two candidates,a person who got 58% of total votes won the election by
a majority of 960. Find the total number ofvotes.
a. 9600 b. 6000 c. 5800 d. 1600
8. Person who hasa certain amount with him goes to market. He can buy 50 apples or 40 bananas.
He retains 10% of the amount fortaxi fares and buys 20 bananas and ofthe balance, he purchases
apples. Number ofapples he can purchase is:
a. 36 b. 40 c. 15 d. 20
9. 2/5 of the voters promise to vote forA and the rest promised to vote for B. Of these, on the last
day 15% of the voters went back their promise to vote forA and 25% of voters went back of their
promise to vote forB, and A lost by4 votes. Then, the total number ofvoters is:
a. 100 b. 110 c. 200 d. None ofthese
10.A dishonest shopkeeper sells his rice using weights 15% less than the true weights and makesa
profit of 20%. Find his total gain percentage.
a. 38.11% b. 41.17% c. 48% d. None ofthese
11. If the numerator ofa fraction is increased by 20% and its denominator is decreased by 10%, the
16
fraction becomes 21. Find the original fraction.
4 7 3
b.4 d.
7
12. 30% of the men are more than 25 years old and 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years
old. 20% of all men play football. If 20% of the men above the age of 50 play football, what
percentage of the football players are less than or equal to 50 years?
a. 15% b. 20% c. 80% d. 81.11%
13.A weigh twice as much asB. B's weight is 60% of C's weight. D's weight is 50% of E's.E weighs
190% asmuch asA does. Which ofthese5 persons weighs the least?
a. A b.B c.D d.E
14.A shepherd has1 million sheep atthe beginning of the year 2018. The numbers grow by x%, (x>0)
during the year.A famine hits his village in the next year and many ofhis sheep die. The sheep
population decreases by y% during 2019 and atthe beginning of 2020 theshepherd finds that he
is left with1 million sheep. Which ofthefollowing is correct?
a. y>x b. x=y c. x>y d. xy=0

TIME SPEED& DISTANCE

Relationship Between Speed, Time& Distance

Distance = Speedx Time

S T

Any basic problem can he solved using these formulas; however, the cori ect use of units is alsoa vit.al
con•.ideration when applying formulas.
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) -Student handout

Speed, Time& Distance Conversions

hour equals 3600 seconds,
As wc know that 1-kilomètre equals 1000 meters and1
100 0
There fore3 G 0 0 km/hr; = 18
18
value, we multiplyb
To convert from m/ secto km / hour,reciprocal of the above 5’

So,1 m / sec = S km / hour.

Application of Speed, Time& Distance
1. Average Speed
2 XY
Case 1: When thedistance is constant: Average speed ; wherex andy arethetwo speeds used
X +Y
to traverse the same distance.
X
Case 2: Average speed = ” , wherex andy arethe two speeds at which we travelled for the same
amount oftime.
2. Problems on Train — Basic Concept
There are certain formulas to be employed to obtain answers to train-related questions, and
applicants must memorize them in order to solve train-related difficulties.
The type of questions which may be asked from thetrain-based problems are
1. Time Taken by Train to Cross any stationary Body or Platform: The applicant may be asked to
calculate the time it takes fora train to crossa stationary body such asa pole ora standing man,
ora platform/bridge.
2. Train Problems based on Equations: Two cases may be given in the question, and the candidates
must develop equations based on the conditions provided.
3. Time Taken by2 trains to cross each other: Another topic that might be addressed is how long it
takes two trains to cross each other.
4. Relative speed oftrains moving in same direction:
When two trains are going in the same direction. Then their relative speed is the difference
between thespeed oftwo trains.
U V
Relative speed = 2 ,U =speed of First train,V = Speed ofSecond train
5. Relative speed oftrains moving in opposite direction:
When twotrains are moving in the opposite direction. Their relative speed is the sum of the speed
of the two trains.
U V
Relatives eed = ” ,U = speed of First train,V = Speed ofSecond train
2
6. Distance covered when twotrains are moving inthe same/opposite
direction.
When twotrains are moving in either the same or in
different directions, the distance travelled
will be the sum of length of both the trains.
7. Distance travelled whena train crossa stationar
y object.
Whena train crossesa stationary object or man,
the distance travelled by the train is equal to the
length of the train.
8. Distance travelled whe n a train crossesa platf
orm/bridge.
Whena train crossesa platform ora bridge, the
total distance covered is the sum of the length Of
the train and the length of the bridge/plat
form.

BOAT & STREAM

Important terminologies.
Still water: The water ofa river or any other
water body which is not flowing known aS StilÎ
water. is
1. Stream: lt is the flowing water ofa river
which
2. Downstream: Ifa boat iS moving in the a certain speed.
same direction GIS the
downstream. In this Situation,downstream stream, it is said to be gC)ing
speedrefers to theb
3. Upstream: Ifa bO2t iS moving in the oat's net speed.
CIrp Sit0 direction Of the
upstream. In this scenario, theboat’s Stream, it is said to be going
net speed is referred tO ¿I
S Upstream speed.

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 JV Gl0h.II SOrviccS LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

4. If tfJC Sp0ed ofthe boat in still water isU units and the speed of the stream isV units
Speed downstream = (U+ V) units
Speed up stream = (U — V) units
5. If the speed downstream isA units and the speed upstream isB units
Speed in still water =2
Speed ofstream =2 (A — B)‹inits
6. ASSUMOB gU$CdF} HOW a boat atr km/hr in sti|I water and traverse the same distance up and down
ina stream when thestream is flowing ats km/hr. Hisaverage speed is going to be
S cccl do w nstrcanâ•S pc cd ofu pstrcarn
Avera e s eed = ’-
Speed ofstill water
Average speed =( km/hr.
7. In p2 hours,a man rows downstreama given distance and returns the same distance upstream in
p2 how rs. If the stream is moving ats km/hr, the man in still water will be moving ats km/hr.

8. Rowing upstream and downstreama river takes the same amount oftime, say m times. If the
wan’s speed isr km/hr and thestream's speed iss km/hr, then
R =s ’“
PROBLEMS ON RACES
A race isa competition in which competitors try to travel the most distance in the least amount of
time.
Linear race: In this situation, competitors will compete ona linear race track.
Circular race: The race path in this one is round in shape.
Expression Meaning
Head-Start/ A givesB Whena racer getsa start,x meters ahead ofthestarting point it's called head-
start ofx meters start ofx meters. HereA givesB a head-start ofx meters.
Head-Start/A can giveB Whena contestant getsa start byt seconds earlier than other ones, it's cnlled
a start oft minutes head-start oft seconds. HereA givesB a head-start oft seconds.
A beatsB byx meters WhenA reaches the winning point beforeB and isx meters away front B. Then
A beatsB byx meters.
A beatsB byt seconds WhenA reaches the winning pointt seconds before B. ThenA beatsB byt
meters.
Dead Heat A dead heat isa situation of tie. When all the participants reach the winning
point at the same point.
Exercise problems:
1. A train 50 m long passesa platform 100 m long in 10 seconds. The speed of the train in m/sec. is:
a. 2s b. 35 C. 1S d. None ofthese
2. A man rows 24 km upstream in6 hours anda distance of 35 km downstream in7 hours. Then the
speed ofthe man in still water is:
a. 4.5 kmph b.4 kmph c. 5.5 kmph d.S kmph
3. Ina kilometer race,A beatsB by 100 meters.B beatsC by 100 meters. By how much meters doA
beatC in the same race?
a. 200 mts b. 190 mts c. 180 mts d. 210 mts
4. Ramesh walks ata speed of 12 km/h. Today the day was very hot so walked at5/ of his average
speed. He reached his school 10 minutes late. Find the usual time he takes to cover the distance
between his school and home?
a. 40 mins b. SO mins c. S5 mins d. 60 mins
5. Ina circular race of 2400m,A andB start from the same point and at the same time with speeds
of 27km/hr and 45 km/hr. Find when will they meet again for the first time on the track when
they are running in the same direction and opposite direction?
a. 460 & 120 sec b. 440 & 122 sec c. 220 & 140 sec d. 480 & 145 sec
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group} — Student handout

FromA it travels4 km downstream in is

6. A boat travels from pointA to B,a distance of 12 km.
downstream speed is twice as high as
minutes and the remaining8 km upstream to reach B. If the
for the journey fromA to B?
the upstream speed, what is the averagespeed of the boat
2
b. 9.6km/hr C.1 1.16km/hr d. 10.44km/hr
a. 10 3— km /hr
a.IT›. at the
7. Two townsP & Q are275 km apart. A motorcycle rider starts fFOfTtP tOWardsQ at8
at the speed of 20 km/hr. Find
of25 km/hr. Another rider starts fFOlTla toWardsP at9 a.m.
speed
atwhat time they will cross each other?
a. 1:15 p.m b. 1:35 p.m C. 2:30 p.m d. 2:45 p.m
8. A man standing neara railway track observes thata train passes him in 80 seconds but to pass by
a 180 m Iong bridge, the same train takes 200 seconds. Find the speed of the train.
a. 1 m/s b. 1.5 m/s C.Ÿ. ITI/S d.2 m/s
9. Ina 300 m race, Ankush beats Prashanth by 22.5 m or6 seconds. ¥Vhat is the time taken by
Prashanth to complete the race?
El. 86s b. 80 s c. 76 s Cl. None ofthèse
10. Ina mile race,A can be givena start ol1 28 m by B. IfB ca» giveC a start of4 m ina t00 m dash,
then who out ofA andC will win a race of one and half miles, gng ¥vll8t x•ziII bc the final lead given
by the winner to the loser? One mile is 1,G00 m.
a. C, 1/1G-mile b. A, 1/12 mile c. B, 1/16 •!c d. fïonc of thèse
11. A journey of 384 km takes2 hours less by a fast tr4in than h\'a slo’.':train I/ the a ’cragc speed
of the slow train is 32 kmph less than that ofa fast trait. ’.'chat 's .›x cr.etc sp**d of th* lasttfäÎnÿ
a. 80 km/ñr b.96km/hr t.?gFn/it d S2 km/hr
12.A boat makesa return journey from pointA to pointB and back ›nS ho Jrs 36 minutes One way
it travels with the stream and on the return, it travels against the strram If the *pe?‹4 of thP Str0am
increases by2 km/hr., the return journey takes9 flours 20 m nr›tes. \’7hot ›s the speecl of the boat
in still water? (The distance betweenA andB is 16 km.)
a. 5 km/hr. b.3 km/lir. c.7 km/h. d 9 km/hr.
13. The Shatabdi Express without its rake can go 4Skm an ho r. and th'’ sp•°r•d s d min›shed bya
quantity that varies as the square root of the number of 'v.liens ,1tt.tel r°1 If i( is known that with
four wagons its speed is 40km/h,t lie greatest numhcr of x•.1f,Ons xx' tt› which th<• engtne can jutt
move is:
a. 144 b. 1d3 c. 110 cl. 123
14. Ramesh and Suresh went fora mountain walk of2 tkna. Rainosl› is fast°r th.n Suresh. The sum of
their individual speeds is 10 km/Ier. and sum of time taken h\• them is 10 hr. Find how much faster
is Ramesh from Suresh.
a. 4 km/hr. b.6 km/hr. c.2 km/hr. d.1 km/hr.

TIME& WORK
Time and work areconcerned with how long it takes an individual era group ef individuals to
completea task and how efficient their labour is.
Knowing the formulas alIOWS you to dive straightIO a solution aher reading the question. ASa result,
understanding the formula forany numerical ability topics simplifies the solution and computatÏOFlS.
Important time and work formulas:
1. Work Done = Time Taken x Rate of Work
2. Rate of Work =1 / Time Taken
3. Time Taken =1 / Rate of Work
4. Ifa piece of work is done inx number ofdays, then the work done in one day
= 1/x
5. Total Wok Done = Number ofDaysx Efficiency
6. Efficiency and Time areinversely proportional to each other
7. X:Y is the ratio of the number ofmen which are required to com
plete a piece of work, thenthe
ratio of the time taken by them tocomplete the work will be y:x
8. IfP number ofpeop le can do Wc work, inde days, working
ha hours each day and the number oi
people can do Wz work, in dt days, workingh2 hours each day,
then the relation between them
will be

10
JV ilob,I Scrviccs UP (Nax0v‹1 Grotip) - Student h.andout

PIPES& CISTERNS
It iS N£'CCSSary fora candidate to be familiar with the terms pipe and cistern in order to answer
questions based on them, as the questions may not be straightforward and may require the use of
Such terminology.
Inlet: An inlet isa conduit that is linked toa tank to fill it with water. This is the type of labour that is
done ina good manner.
Outlet: An exit isa conduit that is connected to drain the water from the tank. This suggests that the
work was done inan unfavourable manner. In the question, it might also be referred to asa 'leak.'

Important Pipes& Cisterns formulas:

1. If it takesx hours to filla tank, then part-filled in1 hour = .
1
2. If the tank must be emptied iny hours, then part discharged in 1-hour Equals
3. Ifa pipe can filla tank inx hours and empty it iny hours, it'sa good pipe. If both pipes are opened
atthe same time, the net part of the tank will be filled in1 hour = _ , assuming y>x.
Y X
4. Ifa pipe can filla tank inx hours and empty it iny hours, it'sa good pipe. If both pipes are opened
atthesame time, the net portion of the tank will be filled in1 hour =X y , assuming x>y.
5. Net work done = (Sum ofwork done by Inlets) — (Sum ofwork done by Outlets)
6. If both inlets are opened atthesame time and one inlet can fill the tank inx hours and the other
XY
inlet can fill the tank iny hours, the time taken to fill the entire tank =
7. Ifa pipe can filla tank inx hours anda pipe can emptya tank iny hours and x<y
then — )part of the tank is filled in1 hour.
8. Ifa pipe can filla tank inx hours anda pipe can emptya tank iny hours and x>y
then( — )part of the tank is emptied in1 hour.
9. If two pipes filla tank of water inx and y hours, respectively, and a third pipe is opened to empty
thetank inz hours, the time taken to fill the tank =( +t+t), and the net part of the tank filled in1

hr = 'X— + Y— — .
Exercise problems:
1. A can do a certain work in 12 days.B is 60% more efficient than A. How many days doesB alone
take to do the same job?
a. 15/2 days b. 17/3 days c. 19/5 days d. 2/15 days
2. A can doa piece of work in4 hours;B and C together can do it in3 hours, whileA andC together
can do it in2 hours. How long willB alone take to do it?
a. G days b. 17 days c. 12 days d.8 days
3. Sandeep can painta house in 10 days and Mohan cando it in 15 days. If they work together, they
can do it in 'x' days, then the value of 'x' is
a. 6 days b.7 days c.9 days d.8 days
4. Three pipes A,B anJC can filla tank from empty tofull in 30 minutes, 20 minutes, and 10 minutes
respectively. When thetank Is Ompty, all the three pipes are opened. A,B andC discharge chemical
solutions P,Q anJ R respectively. What is the proportion of the solutionR in the liquid in the tanL

7
b. d. —
 JV Global Services ŁLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

5. 4 men and 5 boys can doa piece of work in 20 days while5 men and4 boys can do thesame work
in 16 cłays. In how many days can4 men and3 boys do the same work?
a. 18 days b.20days c. 16 days d. 22 days
6. Avinash can doa piece of work in 15 dd\'S dnd Bharath can finish it in 10 days. They worktogether
for5 days and then Avinash goes away. In how many days Wlll Bharath finish the remaining work?
a. 5/3 days b.5 days c.3 days d.7/4 days
7. A pump canfilla tank with water in2 hours. Because ofa leak, it took2 3 hours tO fill the tank.
The leak can drain all the water ofthe tank in.
a. 4 3 hours b.7 hoUrS C.8 hours d. 14 hours
8. 3 men or5 women candoa work in 12 days. How long will6 men and5 women take to finish
the work
a. 36 days b.4 days c. 15 days d. None ofthese
9. X and Y have been givena task of paintinga house forRs.968. With the help of Z, theycomplete
the job in just3 days. Had X alone be doing the task, he would need6 days. IfY alone would be
doing the task, he would need8 days. How much money willZ get?
a. Rs.121 b. Rs.120 c. Rs.122 d. Rs.125
0. Anthony and Billy can builda wall in6 days, Billy and Corey can do it in9 days and Corey and
Anthony in 12 days. In how many days will they:
(i) Finish together? (ii) Finish separately?
a. (i) 52/13 days, (ii) 62/5, 72/7& 52days. b. (i) 72/13 days, (ii) 72/5, 72/7& 72days.
c. (i) 62/13 days, (ii) 72/5, 62/7& 72days. d. (i) 52/13 days, (ii) 52/5, 72/7& 62days.
1 1.A tank is filled by three pipes with uniform flow. The first two pipes operating simultaneously fill
the tank in the same time during which the tank is filled by the third pipe alone. The second pipe
fills the tank5 hours faster than the first pipe and4 hours slower than the third pipe. The time
required by the first pipe is
a. 6 hours b. 10 hours c. 15 hours d. 30 hours
1 2. Ramu is thrice as good asworkman as Banu and therefore is able to finisha job in 60 days less
than Banu. Working together, they can do it in:
1
a. 20 days b. 22 — da yS c. 25 days d. 30 days
2
13. Ina school, one third of the math syllabus of 10th class is completed in the first6 months, witha
one-hour period every day. If the whole syllabus has to be completed in9 months, then what
should be the duration of the period in the last3 months?
a. 2 hrs. b. 3.5 hrs. c. 2.5 hrs. d.4 hrs.
1 4.A alone can complete the work in 16 days andB alone in 12 days. Starting with A, they work on
alternate days. The total work will be completed in
a. 12 days b. 13Z days c. 13 % days d. 15 days

PROFIT AND LOSS

Profit and loss questions are concerned with determining the price ofa commodity in the market
and understand how profitablea business is.
Cost Price (CP): The price at which an article is purchased.
Selling Price (SP): The price at which an article is sold.
Profit (P): If selling price is greater than Cost price, then the seller is said to havea Profit or Gain.
Profit = Selling Price — Cost Price
Profit Percentage and loss percentage:
Profit (G ain)%: The percentage value ofp rofito r ga in.
Profit
Profit 'Zo = 100
fi.P
1oss %: The percentage value ofp rofito r ga in.
Loss
Loss *Ze -
r r " "'

12
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

F orIzlMla to find Selling price:

}00+Prost ?o
P -
’ S0o '’’
10(l—Los.s*‹
2. S.
P = -x C.P
100
FormuIa to find Cost price:
i c — 100
’ 100 +Profit *,i,
x s P
1 0
100-Loss °,I›
x s
Marked price (MP): This is the price marked astheselling price on an article, also known asthelisted
price, labelled price, tag price etc.
Discount (D): This is the reduction in price offered on the marked price.
Discount = Marked Price — Selling Price
D% ( p x 100
D
D = ( ’‘*x MP
100
Ifa product is sold at 25% profit, then the selling price, SP = 125% ofCP (or) 1.25 CP
Ifa product is sold at 15% loss, then the selling price, SP = 8S% of CP (or) 0.85 CP
Whena person sells two similar products, one ata gain of x%, and the other ata loss of x%, then the
Seller always incursa loss given by: Loss% -
(Common loss and prorit %)2 ( )*
Ifa seller proposes to sell his goods atcost price, but uses false weights,
Error
’'‘ '%
' (True value— Error
x 100)%

Exercise problems:
1. A book is bought forRs.900 and sold for Rs.1080, find the gain percent?
a.16 2/3% b. 20% c. 18% d. 25%
2. The cost price ofa radio is Rs.1500 and it was sold for Rs.1230, find the loss %?
a. 18% b. 9% c. 12% d. 6%
3. A watch was sold ata loss of 10%. If it was sold for Rs.140 more, there would have beena gain of
4%. What is the cost price?
a. Rs.1000 b. Rs.1400 c. Rs.900 d. 860
4. A single discount equivalent to the discount series of 25%, 10% and 5% is?
a. 25% b. 30% c. 35.8% d. 31.6%
5. A trader boughta carat20% discount on its original price. He sold it ata 40% increase on the price
he bought it. What percent of profit did he make on theoriginal price?
a. 10% b. 15% c. 11% d. 12%
6. A girl bought horse and carriage for Rs. 5000. She sells the horse ata gain of 20% and the carriage
ata loss of 10%. If she gains 3% on the whole, then find the cost of the horse.
a. Rs.2170 b. Rs.2400 c. Rs.2315 d. 2600
7. A dishonest merchant sells his grocery using weights 15% less than the true weights and makesa
profit of 20%. Find his total gain percentage.
a. 40.7% b. 57.32% c. 41.7% d. 49%
8. Bhima Jewelers offers the following discount scheme forbuyers ona gold coin
Scheme 1-two successive discount of 12%
Scheme 2-adiscount of 14% followed bya discount of 11%
Scheme 3-two successive discount of 15% and 5%
Scheme 4-two successive discount of 15% and 20%
The selling price will be minimum under which scheme?
a. Scheme1 b. Scheme2 c. Scheme3 d. Scheme4
9. In order that there may bea profit of 30% after allowinga discount of 20% on the marked price,
the cost price of an article has to be increased by what percentage?
2
a. 62 -% b. 63% c. 72% d.70—% Z3
10.A Shopkeeper sells laptops at the rate of Rs 457 each and earns the commission of 4%. He also
sells Mobile phones atthe rate of Rs 80 each and earnsa commission of 20%. How much amount
ofcommission will he earn in two weeks if he sells 10 laptops and6 mobile phones perday?
a. Rs.270 b. Rs.398.50 C. Rs.399.80 d. None ofthese

13
J\/ tlo( .II St•r virrs LLP (N. xcva Group) - Student handOUt

1.A sI›oj›kccper offersa discount of 20% on the selling price. On a special sale day, he offers an extra
*5*J off coupon after the first discount. If the article was sOId for Rs. 3600, find
i. The markrd price of the article and
il. The cost price if the shopkeeper still makesa profit of 80% on the whole after all discounts are
applied.
a. Rs.6000, Rs.2000 h. Rs.8000, Rs.2500 c. Rs.3000, Rs.2800 d. Rs.3500, Rs.3000
1 2. After seIIi•s• watch, Mahesl found that he had madea loss of 12 %. He also found that had he
sold it for fts. 45 more, he would have madea profit of8 %. The actual initial loss was what
percentage of the profit earned, had he sold the watch for8 % profit?
FI. h.37o b. 150% 145% d 180%
13. Inn transaction, the profit percentage is 80% of the cost. If the cost further increases by 20% but
the selling price remains the same, how much is the decrease in profit percentage?
a. 30a b. 35% c. 47% d. 45%
1 4. What is the maximum percentage discount (approximately) thata merchant can offer on his
marked price, so that he ends up selling at no profit or loss, if he initially marked his goods up by
40°t?
a. 33.4% b. 28.5% c. 43.9% d. 62%

SIMPLE INTEREST AND COMPOUND INTEREST

Simple Interest — If the interest ona sum borrowed fora certain period is reckoned uniformly, then it
is called Simple Interest.
Compound Interest — Sometimes it so happens that the borrower and the lender agree to fix up a
certain unit of time, say yearly or half yearly or quarterly to settle the previous account.
In such cases, the amount after first unit of time becomes theprincipal for the second unit, the amount
after second unit becomes theprincipal for the third unit and so on.
Aftera specified period, the difference between the amount and the money borrowed is called the
compound interest for that period.
Principal — The money borrowed or lent out fora certain period is called the principal or the sum.
Interest — Extra money paid for using other's money is called interest.
Amount — It is the sum of Principal and Interest.
_ PRT
’ 100
1. If interest is calculated ann ually
n
Amount -P 1 + )
2. If interest is calculated half-yearly
2n
Amount — P(1+ R t)
0
3. If interest is calculated quarterly
4n
Amount = P(1+ R )
O
4. When Interest is compounded annually but time is in fraction, say3' YE'ars
5
3
Amount = P(I+
3 00)
S. When rates are different for different years, say R1%, R2%, R3% forfirst, second and third year
respectively.

A ount' P + 6) + g) + g›
6. Present worth of Rs.x due n years hence is given by
Present worth - „
(i+
Exercise problems:
1. Find the principle on a certain sum of money at5% perannum for 2
2 years if the amount being
Rs. 1120?
a. Rs. J000 b. Rs.1050 c. Rs.1100 d. Rs.1200
JVGlobal Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

2. If RS.7500 are borrowed atC.I at the rate of 4% per annum, then after2 years the amount tobe
paid is?
a. Rs. 8080 b. Rs.8082 c. Rs. 8100 d. Rs. 8112
3. Sonika deposited Rs.8000 which amounted to Rs.9200 after3 years at simple interest. Had the
interest been 2% more. She would gethow much?
a. Rs.9680 b. Rs.9860 c. Rs.9868 d. Rs.9982
4. Find out the C.I on Rs.5000 at 4% p.a. compound half-yearly for1 years.
a. Rs.420.20 b. Rs.319.06 c. Rs.306.04 d.Rs.294.75
5. Ifx is the interest ony and y is the interest on z, the rate and time is the same on both the cases.
What is the relation between x,y and z?
a. xyz =1 b.x2— yz c.y2 -zx d.z2 -xy
6. Simple interest on a sum at 4% per annum for 2 years is Rs.80. The C.I. on the same sum forthe
same period is?
a. Rs.81.60 b. Rs.160 c. Rs.10.81 d. Rs. 108.8
7. A father lefta will of Rs.35 lakhs between his two daughters aged 8.5and 16 such that they may
get equal amounts when each of them reach the age of 21 years. The original amount ofRs.35
lakhs has been instructed to be invested at 10% p.a. simple interest. How much didtheelder
daughter get atthe time of the will?
a. Rs.17.5 lakhs b. Rs. 21 lakhs c. Rs.15 lakhs d. Rs. 20 lakhs
8. Rs. 5887 is divided between Ramesh and Suresh, such that Ramesh's share at the end of9 years
is equal to Suresh's share atthe end of 11 years, compounded annually at the rate of 5%. Find the
share of Ramesh.
a. Rs. 2088 b. Rs. 2000 c. Rs.3087 d. None ofthese
9. On a certain sum of money, compound interest earned at the end of three years = Rs. 1456.
Compound interest at the end of two years is Rs. 880. Compute theprincipal invested.
a. Rs. 2,400 b. Rs. 2,800 c. Rs. 2,000 d. Rs. 1,600
10. Ranjitha earns an interest of 600 over two years on a simple interest basis. On a compound
interest basis, at the same interest rate, he would earn Rs. 630. What is the rate of interest?
a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 30%
11. The population ofa village was 3600 three years back. It is 4800 right now. What will be the
population three years down theline, if the rate of growth of population has been constant over
the years and has been compounding annually?
a. 6400 b. 6000 c. 7200 d. 9600
12.A sum ofmoney invested fora certain number ofyears at 8% p.a. simple interest grows to Rs.180.
The same sum ofmoney invested for the same number ofyears at 4% p.a. simple interest grows
to Rs.120. For how many years was the sum invested?
a. 25 years b. 40 years c. 33 years,4 months d. None ofthese
13. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest on a certain sum at 12%
p.a. for two years is Rs.90. What will be the value of the amount attheend of3 years?
a. 9000 b. 6250 c. 8530.30 d. 8780.80
14. Shawn invested one half of his savings ina bond that paid simple interest for2 years and received
Rs.550 as interest. He invested the remaining ina bond that paid compound interest, interest
being compounded annually, for the same2 years at the same rate of interest and received Rs.605
as interest. What wasthevalue of his total savings before investing in these two bonds?
a. Rs.5500 b. Rs.11000 c. Rs.2800 d. Rs.2750

PROBLEMS ON AGES
Average Age
1. If the average age ofN number ofpeople isA as of now, then5 years ago the average age ofN
people is A-5
2. If the average age ofN number ofpeople isA as of now, then 15 years later the average age ofN
people is A+15
If the current age ofa person be X, then
1. Age aftern years =X + n
2. Age n years ago -X -n
3. n times the age =n X

IS
 andout
JV Global Services LLP (Nâxeva Group)- Studenth

actual age of two people will be Ax and sz

4. If ages of two people isn entioned in ratioA : B, then
res ectivel .
ages isp : q respectively, thenu can determine age
5. If sum of ages ofx andy isA and ratio of their
ofy by using the formula shown below:
Ratio ofy
Age ofy Sum of ages = ( + )x A
sum of ratios
Exercise problems:
of ages of ’N’and ’0’. ’M’ ÎS hOW many
1. The total age of ’M’ and ’N’ is 15 years more than the sum
years older than ‘0’?
i b. 3 c. 14 d.15
2. Suraj is younger than Ravi by6 years. If the ratio of their ages is 3:5, find the age of Ravi.
. is b. z5 c. 35 d. 45
3. The sum of the present ages of two personsA andB is 60. If the age of A is twice that of B, find
the sum of their ages5 years hence?
a. 50 b. 60 c. 70 d. 80
4. In 12 years, M will be thrice as old asN was 12 years ago. IfM is now 8 years older than N, the
present age ofN is (in years):
a. 28 b. 21 C. 14 d.7
5. If the sum of age of A, B and C is 36 years. Age ofA is 16.6% ofB who is thrice the age ofC then
find the sum of present age ofB & C?
a. 36 years b. 34 years c. 34 years d. 32 years
6. A Person said to his son,"I was two-third of your present age when youwere born”. If the present
age of the person is 48 years, find the present age of the son?
a. 27.5 b. 28 c. 28.8 d. 29.6
7. A Mother is four times the age of her daughter. If after5 years, she would be three times of
daughter's age, then further after5 years, how many times she would be ofherdaughter's age?
a. 1.5 times b.2 times c. 2.5 times d.3 times
8. One year ago, the ratio of Hemanth and Pradeep's ages were 2:3 respectively. After five years
from now, this ratio becomes 4:5. How old is Pradeep now?
a. 10 b. 15 c. 25 d. None ofthese
9. Saranya is 50 years old and Nikita is 40 years old. How long ago was the ratio of their ages 3:2?
a. 20 b. 30 c. 45 d. 25
10. The present age of the father is5 times the age of hisdaughter. Five years ago, the age of the
father was ten times the age of hisdaughter at that time. How old is the father at present?
a. 45 b. 40 c. 48 d. 49
11. In an apartment complex, the number ofpeople aged 51 years and above is 30 and there are at
most 39 people whose ages are below 51 years. The average age of all the people in the apartment
complex is 38 years. What is the largest possible average age, in years, of the people whose ages
are below 51 years?
a. 27 b. 28 c. 26 d. 25
12. Present age of Pooja is 40% more than the present age of Sharmi and the present age of Ram IS
25% more than the age of Pooja6 years ago. If the present age of Rahul is 22 % more than the
present age of Ram and the age of Sharmi after 12 years is 42 years, then find the present age of
Rahul?
a. S5 years b. 50 years c. 45 years d. 40 years
13. Ten years ago, the ages of the members ofa joint family of eight people added up to 231 years.
Three years later, one member died atthe age of60 years anda Child was born during the same
year. After another lhree years, one more member died, again at 60, anda child was born during
thc• same year. The current average age of thlseight-member joint family is nearest to
a.27 h.29 c. 30 d. 24
g
4. The av«ra¿ agü ofa couple was 24 years. after thCir 1st and 2nd children (twlns) were bord, the
av rapr• aie of thC Î trnlly hccamE 13.5 years. Thi2 averoye age / ‹h0 family just after 3rÛ CUIg

a, 1J IJ. 12
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

PROBABILITY
Probability is the likelihood or chance of an event occurring
Probability of occurrence of an event is given by
The number ofways ofachieving success
Probability =
The total number ofpossible outcomes
n(E)_ Number offavourable outcomes
P(E) =
n(S) Number ofpossible outcomes
1. The probability of something which is certain to happen is 1.
P(S) =1
2. The probability of something which is impossible to happen is 0.
P(6) =0
3. The probability of something not happening is1 minus the probability that it will happen.
P (A)=1 - P(A)
4. For any two eventsA andB
P(AuB) = P(A)+ P(B) — P(ABB)
5. For any three events A,B andC
P(AuBuC) = P(A)+ P(B)+ P(C) — P(AnB) — P(BnC) — P(CnA)+ P(AnBnC)
The following are some oftheimportant types of questions on probability.
1. Coin based
A coin has2 sides such as Head (H)and Tail (T).
The sample space fortossing two coins is:
S = (HH, HT, TH, TT)
2. Dice
A dice has6 faces marked as 1,2,3,4,5,6.
3. Cards
A pack of cards have 52 Cards.
a. It includes thirteen ranks of each of the four French suits, diamonds (I), spades (4), hearts (+)
and clubs (4).
b. Cards of Spades and clubs are black cards.
c. Cards of hearts and diamonds areredcards.
d. The card in each suit, are ace, king, queen, jack (4-face card) 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4,3 and 2 (9-Number
cards)
4. Bag and ball
There isa container full of coloured ball, red, blue, green and orange. Some oftheballs are picked
out and displaced. Suresh did this 1000 times and got the following results:
No. of blue bottles picked out: 400
No. of red bottles: 100No. ofgreen bottles: 350
No. of orange bottles: 150
a) What is the probability that Suresh will picka green bottle?
Ans: For every 1000 bottles picked out, 450 are green.
Therefore, P(green) = 350/1000 or 0.35

Exercise problems:
1. The probability thata number selected at random from the first 50 natural numbers isa composite
number is:
a. 21/25 b. 17/25 c. 4/25 d. 8/2S
2. Ifa number is chosen atrandom from theset(1, 2,3, ...., 100), then the probability that the chosen
number isa perfect cube is:
a. 1/2S b. 1/2 c. 4/13 d. 9/13
3. Out of first 20 natural numbers, one number is selected at random. The probability that it is either
an even number ora prime number is:
a. 3/5 b. 17/20 c. 16/19 d. 4/5
4. A box contains3 blue marbles,4 red,6 green marbles and2 yellow marbles. If four marbles are
picked at random, what is the probability that none is blue?
a. 17/91 b. 33/91 c. 65/91 d. 44/91

17
JV Globni Services tLP (Noxcva Grotip) - Sttidcntl a' dout

5. \/\*feel two nice arc throwi› simultaneously, what is the probability that th€' SUM OÏ the two
nunlLacrs that turn ip is loss than 11?
. 5/G b. 11/12 c. 1/G d. 1/12
G. T\vo cards are drawn in succession froma pack of 52 cards, without replacement. What iS the
prohahility, that the first isa Queen and thesecond isa Jack ofa different suit?
a. 1/52 b. 1/4 C. 1/221 d. 3/221
A bag contains certain number ofgreen and pink ball. The ratio of the number ofgreen and pink
balls in the bag is 2:3 respectively. Two balls are randomly drawn from the bag and the probability
that both the balls are pink is 6/17. Find the total number ofballs in the bag.
a. 55 b. 45 c. 35 d. 28
s, An anti-aircraft gun can fire four shots ata time. If the probabilities of the first, second, third and
the last shot hitting the enemy aircraft are 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4, what is the probability that four
shots aimed atan enemy aircraft will bring the aircraft down?
a. 0.084 b. 0.916 c. 0.036 d. 0.964
9. Froma pack of cards two cards are drawn one after the other, with replacement. The probability
that the first isa red card and the second isa king is:
a. 1/26 b. 3/52 c. 11/26 d. None ofthese
10. If two dice are rolled, what is the probability thata number greater than3 comes on atleast one
dice?
a. 1/4 b. 3/4 c. 5/7 d. 6/7
11. If three fair coins are tossed randomly 175 times and it is found that three heads appeared 21
times, two heads appeared 56 times, one head appeared 63 times and zero head appeared 3S
times. What is the probability of getting? i) Three heads ii) two heads iii) one head iv)0 head.
a. 0.75 b. 0.5 c. 0.25 d.1
12. If three hunters A,B andC can hit targets with probabilities 0.5, 0.4 and 0.1 respectively, what is
the probability that hunterC killsa deer after bothA andB have fired at it once, assuming that it
only takesa hunter one shot to kill the deer? (A hunter hits or misses independent of what the
other hunters have done).
a. 0.003 b. 0.001 c. 0.03 d. 0.01
13. Ina class, 40% of the student's study math and science. 60% of the student's study math. Whät iS
the probability ofa student studying science given he/she is already studying math?
a. 0.60 b. 0.67 c. 0.75 d. 0.72
14. You're about to get ona plane to Chicago. You want to know if it's raining. You call3 random
friends who live there and ask each if it's raining. Each friend hasa 2/3 chance of telling you the
truth and a 1/3 chance of messing with you by lying. All3 friends tell you that “Yes” it is raining.
What is the probability that it's actually raining in Chicago?
ä. 96% b. 97% c. 84% d. 99.9%

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

Permutation: It is the different arrangements ofa given number of elements taken one by one, of
•ome, or all ata time.
Plumber of permutations when ‘r’ elements are arranged out ofa total of ‘n’ elements

1. Let n =4 (A, B,C and D) and r =2 (All permutations of size 2). The is( *t = 12. The twelve
permutations are AB, AC,AD, BA,BC,BD,CA,CB,CD,DA,DB andDC.

U
JV Glohal Servitcs LLP (N/txCva Gro\Ip) - Student l›ando«t

7. °Pt =n
Combination: It i.‹ the different selections ofa given number ofelements taken one by one, or some,
or all ata time.
Numher ofcombinations when ’r’ elements are selected out ofa total of ’n’ elements

Important results in combinations:

1. Let n =4 (A, B,C and D) and r =2 (All combinations of size 2). The answer is ,(_ ) = 6. The six
2 2
combinations are AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD.
+- ° c, -° c,°.„
3. "C =1
4. ’%= 1
5. 1'
6. °c,_nc,.,
7. °c. nc, thenx =y or x+y =n
8. °c,°°c, •" r
9.
10. -co+ -ci+ •c+ .qg+ nip =2n
11.^CO + •c2+ ncJ+ ..+ ncn = 2n
c2
Exercise problems:

1. Ravi has nine trousers and 12 shirts. In how many different ways can he selecta trouser and a
shirt?
a. 21 b. 12 c.9 d. 108
2. Using all the letters of the word "NOKIA", how many words can be formed, which begin withN
and end with A?
a. 3 b.6 c. 24 d. 120
3. How many ways can the letter of the word ASSASSINATION be arranged so that all the S's are
together.
a. 152200 b. 156200 c. 151200 d.156700
4. The number ofarrangements that can be made with the letters of the word MEADOWS sothat
the vowels occupy the even places?
a. 720 b. 120 c. 144 d. 36
The letters of the word CEBADA arewritten in all possible orders and these words arewritten out
as ina dictionary. Then therank of the word CEBADA is
a. 236 b. 245 c. 307 d. 315
6. Ifp denotes the number ofpermutations ofn + 2 things taken all at a time,q the number of
permutations ofn things taken 11 ata time andr the number ofpermutations ofn — 11 things
taken all ata time such thatp = 182 qr, then the value of n:
a. 1s b.12 c. 10 d.8
7. In how many ways 11 identical toys be placed in3 distinct boxes such that no box is empty?
a. 72 b. 54 c. 45 d. 36
8. a, b,c are three distinct integers from2 to 10 (both inclusive). Exactly one of ab, bc and ca is odd.
abc isa multiple of 4. The arithmetic mean ofa andb is an integer and so is the arithmetic mean
ofa,b and c. How many such triplets are possible (unordered triplets)7
a. 8 b.6 C.2 d.4
9. All the rearrangements of the word "DEMAND" arewritten without including any word that has
two 0's appearing together. If these are arranged alphabetically, what would be the rank of
"DEMAND"*
a. 36 b.74 c. 42 d. 86

19
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

10. I rolla die four times. In how many outcomes do we have two thrOWS have the same number and
theother two something different?
a. 720 b. 480 C. 360 d.350
11. A number plate ofa vehicle has alwaysa fixed code UP-32 for Lucknow city followed by the
number ofparticular vehicles which is in two parts. First part is occupied by2 English alphabets
and second part is occupied by 4-digit numbers (0001, 0002, .... 9999). If the latest registration
number of vehicle [UP-32-SK0123] find the number of vehicles registered before this vehicle
number in Lucknow.
a. 4669353 b. 466923S c. 4779644 d. 2449744
12.A company hastorecruita certain number ofcandidates for the post of Manager. 25 vacancies
are to be filled through this recruitment process, these out of 10 are reserved for the candidate
who have done MBA course.A total of 50 candidates have applied for the post, out of which 15
have done MBA course. In how many ways can therecruitment process be carried out?
a. 35 „ *c„ b.35c,.,8 LAc„ c.15c„ C{o d 35Cy, 1’c}g
13.There are 150 members ina table-tennis club. They areplayinga tournament such thata
member is out of the tournament if he losesa game. If we know that there were no ties, then
the number ofgames todetermine the champion will be?
a. 74 b. 75 c. 150 d. 149
14. Sheela can choose to go fora party with Yogesh, Nikhilesh, Shashank, Amol, Shainu, Vivek,
Girish. She has 10 pairs of sandals and 17 different dresses. In how many different ways shewill
go to the party if she has a choice of taking5 of her friends. Also, she likes7 pair of sandals and
15 dresses which she wants to wear fortheparty?
a. 2200 b.2400 c. 2205 d.10!* 17!

BLOOD RELATION
1. Ravi introduces Yash by saying, "He is the husband ofthe granddaughter of my grandmother's
husband". How is Yash related to Ravi?
a. Nephew b. Father c. Brother d. Brother-in-law
2. Pointing toa Women, Arun says, "She is the sister of my brother's mother". How is the women
related to Arun?
a. Mother-in-law b. Niece c. Aunt d.Sister
3. Amith hasa brother named Banu. Amith is the son of Raju. Dev is Raju's father. In terms of
relationship, what is Banu ofDev?
a. Cousin b. Brother c. Father d. Grandson
4. A family consisted ofa man, his wife, his three sons, their wives, and three children for each
son. How many members arethere in the family?
a. 13 b. 15 c. 17 d. 19
5. Sanjay's grandfather's brother is the father of Hari's father. How is Sanjay related to Hari?
a. Brother b. Sister c. Cousin d. Uncle
6. X of
is the father Y.X has only two children.Y is the brother of R.R is the daughter of P.A is the
granddaughter of P.S is the father of A. How isS related to Y?
a. Son b. Son-In-law c. Brother-in-law d. Brother
7. Study the following and answer the question.
A x B meansA is sister ofB
A +B meansA is mother ofB
A -=B meansA is father ofB
A —B meansA is brother ofB
Which ofthefollowing isP is Aunt ofT?
6. P + Q —R x S + T b.P —Q + R + S x T C.p ”a + R x S —T
8. Study the following and answer the question. P +Q x R+ S -T
d.
A xB meansA is sister ofB
A + B meansA is mother ofB
A -=B meansA is father ofB
A —B meansA is brother ofB ifP R - S+T ThenP is T’
a. Brother b. Mother c.Uncle a.Grand aunt e. cousin

20
9. Ina family arc six members A/R/C/D/E and F.A & B are married couple,A beinga male member.
D is the only son of C, who is the brother of A.E is the sister of D.B is the daughter-in-law of F,
whose husband has died. How many male members arethere?
a. 3 b.4 c. None oftheabove
10. There are7 family members P, Q, R, S, T,U & V in which they are two married couples.P is sister
Of , who is maternal gran¢lson of T. the father ofS has two maternal grandchildren.R is Sister-
in-law of V, who is father of P.U isa female. Who is the husband ofU
a. S b.T c.R d.V
Direction (11-13): Study th0 following information and answer the questions given.
B is the mother ofT.
T is the sister of J.
J is married to L.
L is the only son of K.
K is the daughter ofP
11. IfK is the mother ofX,then how isX related to P?
a. Son b. Daughter c. Granddaughter d. Grandson
12. How isB related to L?
a. Mother b. Mother-in- law c. Sister-in-law d. Grandmother
Direction (13-14): Study the following, information .and .Jnsv/rr [hc rjucstions given.
IfP x Q meansP is son ofQ
IfP + Q meansP is daughter ofQ
IfP -=Q meansP is wife ofQ
IfP - Q meansP is father ofQ
13. What will come in the Place ol? to rstahlish thatA is mothrr o!D
D + B -C 7 A
a. + b, — r.x d ftnrh ,z ‹¢c
14. Which ofthefollowing is true based ont lie ¿ivr n n*nrr?Finn$ -T x V — \’’ Y
a. S is dau§f1ter-in-law ofY c Y ie Clatlr,ht?r C'*V
b. S is daughter-in-law of W tJ T t›‹nthcr nl k'

DIRECTION SENSE

1. One day ftaghu (eft home andrycIrcl1 0 kn› '.c›‹itf›•'r,›rd,.t ur n rJ «/:ht .In d ct rind5 k=› .›nrl framed
right and cycled 10 km and I urnrd lrlt .Intl cy‹. Ird IO L m I n.'•' m.›n\’k›! › r: •s x• ilI I›° h.we to
cycle to reach llis home st r,aiñht7
a. JO km b,IS km c. ** i» cl ? 4 km
2. A main is facing west. HeI urits 45" inI letc lockv *o dir‹ cum .1‹^Jt I› on JnotNcrI SO' in the s.In c°
direction and then 270" InI he .cmi-c Io¢kwis‹‘ dlrr'cI icn. \4!I›i¢t› rlt‹ ci›on is I›c I.1cin* now?'
a. Nortll-west b. West c. S0‹›tI v• ‹*•t d Nene' of these
3. TownD is towards East of townf. Town ft is to va‹Js No‹\I of te '. n O. Tu'.n It is tow.ords Sor›th
of town B. Towards which direction is tokenII Iron› iu›vii£ *
a. EaSt IN. gOUt II- L2St c. N‹1F{I›- fi ast d. Dat4 inadequate
Direction (4-5): head thegiven infoi mation c‹areIully .ml .fi›S\vL'f tl›r qur°stions given beside:
Some boys are sitting in three rows 3ndI I\c Jist once Uc1 v‹•cn c‹1ct› role is4 n . All of them are
facing north such that Dam u is in the nzidJlc row, Kanu is6 n1 tot f1e right of D4mu butin the same
row. Neer is just behind Kanu while Golu is intI e North of Damu.
4. What is the shortest distance between Neer 2nd Golu?
a. 6V3m b. SV7 m c. 10 m d.2 m
5. Kanu is in which direction with respect to Golu?
a. North b. East c. West d. Northwest
6. One fine morning on his morning walk, Krishna noticed Swetha who was doing Soorya namaskar
facing the rising sun. He went to her, greeted her Good Morning and tooka left turn. In which
direction, is he walking now?
a. North b. South c. East d. West

21
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) ‫?־‬- Student handout

.7 Ranjan walked7 km from his home in north direction, ‫ חסמ?ו‬I‘m !?‫ װי»! ך» אחת‬.inil Wdllx’t‘ll !?‫ ו‬km, ”\ lwn
he tooka right and walked5 !?»‫ עז‬Alter taking another “PM hf‘ Wfllkl‘d4 km and H‘su’lwrl nl ‫גיוו?ן‬
friend's home. .?‫י‬ ‫ר‬
Find how far and in whlch direction ishis home from hlslrlnnd s. homm
a. 15 km, North .1)8 km, Southeast c. 12 km, South (l. ll km. Nm !?‫ש"ח‬/‫וויט‬
Directions: (8-10) Read thefollowing Information carefully and answer thequmllnm !?}\\/!`‫ ח‬hunlrlu,
ASB meansA is to the north of B.
A&B meansA istotheeast of B.
A*B meansB is to the west ofA.
A%B meansB is to the south of A.
A@BC meansA stands exactly in the middle of horizontal line BC.
AiBC meansA stands exactly in the middle of vertical line BC.
Answer thequestions on the basis of given expression - DlZmSTSm‘illimtiiktim‘MLiKU
.8 With respect to the given expression, four of the following five are alike ina certain way and
thus forma group. Which ofthefollowing does not belong to the group?
a. KT b. LU c. UK (I. Kil
.9 lfV is situated towards the north-east ofL such that it lies exactly in the middle of it,then it is
in which direction from V?
a. North b. North-west c.North-east ti. South-west
.10 inthe given expression, find the shortest distance between ii and D?
a. 13m b. 12m c. 10m d. 15m
Directions: (11-14) Study the following questions and answer the questions given below.
Virat goes to Supermarket store to buy fruits. He enters the market, turns to his right, walks "Int
and takes oranges. Then, he turns to hisleft, walks 3m and takes Peach. Again, he turns to hisleft,
which is towards west, walks 7m and takes Papayas. Again, he turns to his right and looks at
guavas, which 8m away from him. He takes guavas and moves tohisright, walks 7m and stops at
the counter forbilling.
.11 How far is the Papaya stall from the starting point?
a. 3m b.7m c.8 m d.6 m
.12What is the shortest distance between theOrange stall and the Billing Counter?
a. 11m b.10m c. 12 m d.7 m
.13inwhich direction is the Papaya stall located with respect to the Orange stall?
a. North b.South c. Northwest d.Southeast
.14 Inwhich direction does Virat move forbilling?
a. North b. East c. West d.Data inadequate

CODING AND DECODING

.1 If 'HAPPY’ is written as 'IBQQZ' ina certain code, then how would 'SORROW' be written in that
code?
a. TPSSXX b.'lTPSSPX c. TPPSPX d.None ofthese
.2 If the word 'TABLECLOTH’ is coded as 'XEMRANRIXT’, how can 'HOTEL’ be coded?
a. RlXAT b.TlXAR c.TAXIR d.RAXIT
a certain code,P is it,A is ,% C isf and E is .@ How is PEACE written in that code?
.3 In
a. #@%@# b. it@ttf@ c. %tt@f% d.tt@%f@
.4 In
a certain code, 'pick and choose‘ is written as ‘ko ho po' and 'pick up and come' is written as
‘to no ko po'. How is pick written in that code?
.3 ko b. po c. Either ko or po d. Data inadequate
.5 ina certain code language 'pic na ha' means 'who is there',' ‫ הו?ו‬ta ka ' means' what Is that' and'
ha ja pa' means' here and there .‘ Which of the following
means' here' in the that code
language?
a. ha . , b.pa c. ja d. pa orja
.6 if BOMBAY is written as MYMYMY, how will TAMlLNADU be written In that code?
a. TIATIATIA b. IATIATIAT c. MNUMNUMNU d ALDALDALD
FRACTION?to military code, SYSTEM is
.7 According 5 YSMET -
- ; andNEARER .
ls AENRER. What` '
is the code for

a. CARFNOIT b.CARFTION c. FRACNOIT d.ARFCNOIT

22
JVGlobal Services LLf'(Nax0va Grnr›p) - Sturlgnt llanrlotil

8. Ina certain I.anguagc, ‘3s, 2h, 7c’ means ‘truttz is eternal‘; ‘7c,0a, 9b’ means enrr ity is not eternal’
a(›d ‘9a, 4tJ, 2h, 6b’ n1c‹ans ‘truth does not p0rish", wl irh nf the following means ’enmity’ in that

a. 3a b. 7c c. 8b d. 9a
9. If ina code AT=20, BAT=40 then CAT=?
• 2O b. 40 c. 60 d.5
10. IfA stands for +,B stands for -,C stands forx, What is the value of (10C4)A(4C4)B6?
gs GO b. 50 c, 56 d. 46
Direction (11-12): Study the following information to answer the given questions.
Ina certain code ‘318’ means ‘run very fast’, ‘289’ means ‘to run away’, ‘97’ means ‘to see’ and
‘43’ means ‘very good’.
11. What is the code for’see’?
a. 3 b.7 c.4 d.9
12. Which ofthefollowing represents ’see good runaway’?
a. 8472 b. 7914 c. 7319 d.3289

Direction for (33) Ina code language

"Fitness is life" written as “E32, 522, 538"
“Life creates Opportunity" written as “Y541, E32, S76"
"You Miss Opportunity" written as “S45 Y541 U43"
13. What is code for"Lakshya"
a. A77 b. N77 c. Y77 d. None ofthese
Directions (14): Read thefollowing information and answer the questions given beside.
14.A few kids are playing ina park. They make four rules asa part ofa game. The rule “D2 H9 A1
D4” states that the person would stand up and “take your shoes out“. Then therule “B2 A1 C1
A4” states to “take instant right turn”. After this the rule “C3 P1 D2 C1” states that “jump on
your turn”. Finally the rule “B2 D4 K2 C3” states “jump out instant again”.
Find the code for‘shoes’.
a. D2 b. H9 c. Either H9 or A1 d. None ofthese

CLOCKS
1. The minute hand moves ata speed of6 degrees per minute because it travels 360 degrees in an
hour, or one full circle.
360
2. The circle has 12 major segments, and an hour hand covers one of them, covering 12, or 30
30 1
degrees in an hour. This means that it travels ata speed or— de gree each minute,
60’ 2
3. If the two hands aretravelling at their regular speed, they should collide every 65 minutes.
4. Every hour, the hour hand and minute hand cross. However, they get together 22 times ina
single day.
5. Every hour there is one angle of 180 degrees, or when both hands are moving in the opposite
direction ina straight line, however throughout the course ofa day it occurs 22 times.
6. There aretwo right angles every hour, but there are 22 of them ina 12-hour period.
Exercise Problems:
1. If the two hands ina clock are4 minutes divisions apart, then the angle between them is
a. 3“ b. 18° c. 24° d. 60°
2. What will be the acute angle between hands ofa clock at 2: 30?
1os’ b. 115° c. 95° d. 13S°
3, In 16 minutes, the minute hand gains over the hour hand by
a. 16“ b. 60* c. 88" d.96°
4, At what tiMe between 9‘O clock and 10‘O clock will the hands ofa clock point In the
ugpo•it* directions?
JV Global Services LLP (Naxcva Group) — Student han€lOUt

5. A clock gains 1S minutes per day. It is set right at 12 noon. What time will it Show at4.00 am,
the next day?
a. 4:10 am b. 4:45 m c. 4:20 am d. 5:00am
6. Find the exact time between7 am and8 am when thetwo hands ofa watch meet?
a. 7 hrs 35 min b.7 hrs 36.99 miv c.7 hrs 3g.i8min d.7 hFS 42.6min
7. What is the angle between themin hand and hour hand when clock Shows thetime 4:20.
a. 16° b. 0° c. 10° d.12°
8. An accurate clock shows8 O'clock in the morning. Through how many degrees will the hour
hand rotate when theclock shows2 O'clock in the afternoon7
a. 144° b. 150‘ c. 168° d • 180‘
9. What is the angle between the hands ofa clock when clock shows thetime 6: 06.
a. 136° b. 140° c. 142° d.147°
10.A watch which gains uniformly is2 minutes low at noon On Monday andis4 min 48 sec, fast at
2 p.m. on the following Monday. When wasit correct?
a. 2 p.m. on Tuesday C.3 p.m. on Thursday
b. 2 p.m. on Wednesday d.1 p.m. on Friday
11. Ifa clock strikes 12 in 33 seconds, it will strike6 in how many seconds?
33
a. b. 15 c. 12 d. 22
12. A clock is set right at5 a.m. The clock loses 16 min. in 24 hours. What will be the true time when
theclock indicates 10 p.m. on the 4th day?
a. 11p.m. b. 10 p.m. c.9 p.m. d.8 p.m.
13. Two clocks were setright at noon on Sunday. One gains2 min and the other loses3 min in 24
hours. What will be the true time when thefirst clock indicates3 pm on Wednesday?
a. 2:38 pm b. 2:54 pm c. 2:23 pm d. 2:48 pm
14.A watch which gains5 seconds in3 minutes was setright at7 a.m. In the afternoon of the same
day, when thewatch indicated quarter past4 O'clock, the true time is.
7
a. 4 p. m. c. 58— minutes past3
11
7
b. 59— minutes past3 d.2 minutes past4
12

CALENDARS
Odd Days
Quotient = Number of
weeks NonCencu
Days
Years
7 ice 4

Remainder = Odd Days N°nLeap ifnotdvuib|eby

400

NORMAL YEAR L EA P Y EA R The year 100 isa century and it is not divisible by d0O
0 IO 100

365days 366days
Leap Years Normal Years

52 VVeeM +1 Odd day *2 Weeks+ 2 Odd days

48 odd days — 2d 76 76 odd dag5
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Method1 48+ 76 =1 24
100 years =5 Odd days

200 years = 10 Odd days= 3

7 300 years = 15 Odd days =1
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

100, S00, 900, 1300, 1700 contains 5 odd days

200, 600, 1000, 1400, 1800 contains3 odd days
300, 700, 1100, 1500, 1900 contains1 odd day
400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 contains0 odd day
Method2
Month code
January February March April May June
0 3 3 6 1 4
July August September October November December
6 2 5 0 3 5

Year code

0-99 100-199 200-299 300-399

400-499 500-599 600-699 700-799
800-899 900-999 1000-1099 1100-1199
1200-1299 1300-1399 1400-1499 1500-1599
1600-1699 1700-1799 1800-1899 1900-1999
2000-2099 2100-2199 2200-2299 2300-2399
6 4 2 0

Exercise problems:
1. What will be the day of the week on 15August 2021?
a. Sunday b. Wednesday c. Thursday d. Saturday
2. If it was a Tuesday on1 January 2019, what was theday oftheweek on 31 December 2019?
a. Monday b. Tuesday c. Sunday d. Wednesday
3. The calendar forthe year 2005 is the same asfortheyear?
a. 2009 b. 2010 c. 2011 d. 2016
4. Today is Monday. After 61 days it will be?
a. Monday b. Wednesday c. Thursday d. Friday
5. Ramesh's Birthday is on Wednesday 8thmarch. On what day oftheweek will be Suresh's
Birthday in the same year if Suresh was born on 10th July.
a. Monday b. Wednesday c. Thursday d. Friday
6. Number oftimes 29th day of the month occurs in 400 consecutive year is.
a. 4400 b. 4497 c. 4697 d. 4800
7. Ina year starting with Monday andending with Monday, how many days are there from 16th
January to 15th march ofthat year.
a. 58 b. 59 c. 60 d. 61
8. On what dates of April 1989 didWednesday fall.
a. 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd. c. 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th,
b. 4th, 11th, 18th, 25th, d. Sth, 12th, 19th, 26th.
9. How many days will there be from 24th January, 1996 to 13th May, 1996 (both days are
included)
a. 109 b. 111 c. 117 d. 121
10. Mohan celebrated his birthday on Friday in 2016. This will be the first year after 2016 when
Mohan's birthday will fall on a Wednesday
a. 2019 b. 2020 c. 2021 d. 2022
11. Calculate and answer that many days are there inx weeksx days?
a. 7x2 b. 14x c. 8x d. 16x
12. Akshara remembers that the match is after 26th April but before 30th April, while Suresh
remembers that the match is after 22nd April but before 28th April. On which date of April is
the match7
a. 27th b. 28th c. 29th d. None ofthese

25
JV Glohal Services LLP (Naxcva Group) - Student handout

13. John was born on Feb 29th of 2012 which happened tobea Wednesday. If he lives to be 101
years old, how many birthdays would he celebrate ona Wednesday?
a.s b.4 C.
s d.2
14. Ina certain year, the month ofJanuary had exactly4 Wednesdays and4 Sundays. Then, January
1 of that year was a?
a. Tuesday b. Wednesday c. Thursday d. Saturday

SEATINGARRANGEMENT

Read thefollowing data and answer the questions

Q, W, E,R and T are sitting on a bench.Q is sitting next to W, E is sitting next to R,R is not sitting with
T who is on the left end of the bench.E is in the second position from the right.Q is to the right of W
and T.Q and E are sitting together.
1. In which positionQ is sitting?
a. Between W andR b. Between W andE c. BetweenT andR d. BetweenE andT

Read thefollowing data and answer the questions

Six friends A, B, C,D E and F are seating arounda hexagonal table, each at one corner and are facing
the centre of the hexagon.A is second to the left of F.B is neighbour ofC and D.E is second tothe left
of D.
2. Who is seating opposite to A.
a. E b.F c.D d.C

Direction for question 3-6

Read the following data and answer the questions
Twelve persons seating in two rows D, E, F, K,L &M seating in row 1. and facing north. S, T,U X,Y & Z.
seating in row 2 and facing south direction.E sits third from one ofthe extreme ends.S sits second to
the left of the one who faces E. only three persons sit betweenS & T.K sits somewhere right of M.
more than three person sit betweenX & T.F faces one of the immediate neighbours of T.Z sits second
to the right of Y, the one who facesL sits third to the left of U.D faces S.
3. Who is to the right of U.
a.Z b.Y c.F d.k
4. Who are seating on the extreme corners.
a. MLTX b. LXDS c. UYEK d. MFTZ
5. Who is seating opposite to the left of K.
a.E b.U c.D d.S
6. Which ofthefollowing pairs are not neighbors?
a. MF b. UY c. ZY d. DL
Direction for question 7-11
Read thefollowing data and answer the questions
Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F,G and H are seated rounda table.
C and E are not adjacent to each other.
B i• on the left of E.
H i• cr› the right of D.
There are three persons betweenB and H.
/‹ is adjacent tu F.
F i•. en th‹- I‹.ft of C.
"" i’ ! ‘ ! *' ^h plcs the sixth› po ltlori?

I3.A is r›r tilt“ ir/irr i•‹Ji:›ii• ri IU uf I“.

0. Whirfl ‹vf tier:• toll‹vy7iri¿ i'. ‹m iii‹:‹Jr«

” ‹I. N‹›p‹' of these

 a. DH b. HE c. FA d.A,F
13. who are all facing North*
a. HABC b.BGDE c. HACF d. SAFE
Direction for question 14-16
Read the following data and answer the questions
Eight persons A, B,C D, E, F,G and H are seating arounda rectangular table in suche way that four
persons sit on each of the four corners of the table and other four persons sit on the micfdle of each
side. The one who sits at the corner of the table faces octtside the centre of the table and th• or.e s•zho
sits at the middle side of the table faces towards the centre of the table. Persons sitting on opoosite
sides are exactly opposite to each other.
F sits at one of the middle sides of the table. Two persons sit betweenF & E. only one person sits
betweenF & C.E does not sit near to C. EitherA sits 2nd to the left ofH or 2nd right of H. one person
si*a betweenA & C,B andG sit opposite to each other.D sits 2nd to the left of B.G doesn't sit next *c
F.
14. V7ho is seating opposite to the right of F.
a.E b.G c.B d.
D
15. Who are seat at the corners?
a. EGBF b.GDBH c. BEGD d.DGAE
16.Vv'ho are seat at the middle7
a. EGBF b.GDBH c. BEGD d.HACF
Direction for question 17-20
There are eight members ofa family P, Q, R, S,T, U, W and Z. Allof them aresitting arounda circular
tabie (acing the centre. They belong to three different generations and there are three married
couples among them. Four of them aremales and four of them areoftheopposite gender (though
not necessarily in the same order.) They like different movies viz., The Twins, Twelve, Turbo, The
Twilight Saga, Typhon, Twin Dragons, The Twelve Chairs and Twentieth Century but not necessarily
in the same order. Further, some more information is also given.
• The son-in-law and maternal grandson ofZ is immediate neighbours. W cannot be an immediate
neighbour of her sister-in-law. W likes the movie Twelve.
• Q a spinster, is sitting two places to the right of her grandfather T. NeitherR norT likes the mo ie
Tf‹e Twelve Cf airs.P and his siblingS can't sit together. Typhoon is liked by the brother-in-la x› of R
• 1-mere arc- only three persons sitting between theperson who likes Twin Dragons and her cunt S. R.
rr‹arried rr ale, c6nnct be en immediate neighbour of eitherT or Q.R cioes not liLe chs f\1OVit2
Tv r-r,t›erl› Bank ury orTIe Twins.
‹ T/,eT veJve cl›air. tt›e r‹›cvie is nut liked ky ei\tierS ur Z.U antiQ url*n it sihltt ps ttq q¿t \t q
yf›u rhuvtc ruil>r> r>r fFic•T v/hi’. TI\are Is r›nIy ‹Inc° per soil Sittirqj t›t*ttv\•t•f R .HU I\lt hr,qF gi -tg.tyyy
Turau tc «>\ likud Ivyt l‹u fur› m tdw o( i'.
j “,/ V7f›o is tl›e vyi(u rv(I I
 NUMBER SERIES

1. Fincl the missing lit nabcr in the series: 132, 15G, ?, 210, 240, 272
a. 19C h. 182 c. 10S d. 204
2. Find the missing number in the series: 1, 2, 3, 10, ?, 9802
a. 99 b. 199 c. 299 d. 999
3. Find the wrong number in the series: 1, 2, 6, 15, 31, 56, 91
a. 31 b. 15 c. 56 d. 91
4. Find the missing numbei in the series: 62, 64, ?, 32, 14, 16
a. 26 b. 2s c. 30 d. 32
5. Find the missing number in the series: 980, 392, 156.8, ?, 25.088, 10.0352
a. 62.72 b. 63.85 c. 65.04 d. 60.28
6. What will come in place of question mark(?) in the following number series:
6859, 5832, ?, 4096, 3375
a. 4599 b. 4913 c. 5013 d. 5169
7. Find the odd man out of the series: 888, 440, 216, 104, 48, 22,6
a. 104 b. 48 c. 22 d.216
8. Look atthis series: 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13, 21, ... What number should come next?
a. 14 b. 15 c. 21 d. 23
9. Pick the odd man out from the series: 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 150
a. 72 b. 110 c.132 d. 150
10. Find the missing number in the series 4, -8, 16, -32, 64,?
a. 128 b. -128 c. 192 d. -192
11. Find the next term in the series: 3, 7, 6, 5, 9, 3, 12, 1, 15, (....)
a. 18 b. 13 c. -1 d.3
12. Find the wrong term 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, 64
a. 50 b. 26 c. 37 d. 64
13. Find the missing term in the series 7, 9, 12, 48, ?, 890
a. 128 b. 190 c. 172 d. 168
14. Which number will come from thefollowing at place of C?
10 11 15 24 40
6 A B C D
a. 10 b.12 c. 14 d. 20

DATA INTERPRETATION

Directions 1-4: Study the following graph carefully& answer the questions given below it. Value of
imports and exports by company over the years (The value is in crore)
Import Export

400 500
350 450
400
*OO
350
250 300 !
200 , 250
150 200
200
150
150
â 00 75
100
SO 50 ’
0
1992 1993 1992 1993 1994

1, The value of exports In 1996 was what percent of the average value of imports in the year 1991,
1995 an4 1997?
a. 200 b. 100 c. 300 ‹. 180
2. The value of cx/›crt‘. in **4 W”* 0xaCtly wha! *O'CCnt f thc ^!*!^ of iMpOrtS In the SatTlc° ye4r7
!<* C. 1G0 d. 200

28
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

3. What was the0ppr€*Ximate difference between the v.blue of average exports and the value of
averageimport of tl0 given years?
a. Rs. 75 CrOfCS b. Rs. 80 crores c. Rs. 85 crores d. Rs. 100 crores
4. What w‹as the percentage increase in the value of exports from 1995 to 1996?
a. 35.78 b. 38.46 c. 42.44 d. None ofthese
Direction 5-7: Study the following line graphs which show the production (in ’0000 units) and
percentage exports of scooters, motorbikes and cars respectively over the years.

Production (In ’o000 units)

100

80

60 60

40

26
20
Car Scoote fvtotorL•iI‹e
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

5. In which ofthe following years was the production of cars more than 50% of the total production7
a. 2000 b. 2001 c. 1998 d. None ofthese
6. Find the total number ofautomobiles exported in the year 1999.
a. 227600 b. 207600 c. 217600 d. 237600
7. Find the ratio of cars, scooters and motorbikes exported in 1996.
a. 25:16:19 b. 16:25:19 c. 19:16:25 d. 266:168:63

Directions 8-11: The pie chart given below represents percentage of number ofstudents in five
different schools viz. A, B, C,D and E. The total no. of students in all the schools is 1,68,OOO. The
below table shows the ratio of girls and boys in the given five schools.
School Girls: Boys

A 3:4

B 2:3

5:3

D 1:2

E 4:1

8. Find the ratio of number ofgirls from each school.

a.1 : 2 : 2 : 4 : 5 b.3 :5 : 7 : 9 :8 c.4 : 2 : 5 : 2 : 4 d.1 :2 :3 : 2 : 1
9. If 14.28% students of schoolA change their school and go to school D, what will be the
percentage change in the number ofstudents of school
a. 11.11% b. 22.22% c. 33.33% d. 44.44%
10. What is the ratio of average number ofstudents from schoolA andD to that of the average
number ofstudents from school B,C and E7
a. 18: 23 b. 14: 2S c. 23 : 18 d.8 :S

29
 I›'I ñrrvlccs LLP (Naxcva Grp it) - Student Iiantl0ut

I t. N‹lInbL•i nf stur!cnts of schoolE is what percent of the difference of the num her of students of
*‹I otalC •anrt schonl fJ?
‹a.1 St,.7€›°‹› b. 18G.C7%’/› c. 60% d. 166.67°/
Directions 12-16: Study the following pie chart and line chartcarefully and answer thequestions given
!’<*/d The pie chart shows the number ofstudents study in five different schools as percentage of
totalnt›iHhcr of students study in all five schools A, B, C,D and E. All the students of the schools are
rlivirlcd in two houses Red and Green. Total student in all five schools is 15000. Percentage of students.

The line graph shows thenumber ofgirls and number ofboys who are in red house in each ofthefive
schools.

2SOO

A 20CD
E 12%
28% B 15DO
20%
D 1000
c
500

0
A B C D E
12. If ratio of number ofgirls in green house to red house in schoolB is 16:17 then find difference
between number ofboys and girls in green house.
a. 140 b. 160 c. 170 d. 180
13. What is the ratio of girls in red house to green house in schoolC if total number ofstudents in
green house of schoolC is 1083?
a. 18: 11 b. 11: 15 c. 20: 13 d. 24: 19
14. Number ofboys in green house ofschoolA is what percent of number ofgirls in green house of
schoolA if total students in red house ofschoolA is 750?
a. 110% b. 120% c. 128% d. 132%
What is the total number ofstudents in red house of schoolE if number ofgirls in green house
of schoolE is 1155?
a. 2245 b. 2205 c. 2285 d. 2175
16. What percent of girls are in green house out oftotal girls of schoolD if number ofgirls in red
house of schoolD is 305 more than the boys in same house?
a. 40% b. 50% c. 20% d. 45%
Directions: 17-21: Study the following pie chart carefully and answer the questions given beside
In a state, the total number of school teachers is 15000. The pie chart given below gives the
information about the percentage wise distribution of school teachers who teach five different
subjects.
The table given below gives the information about the ratio of male teachers to female teachers in
the respective subjects.
Subjects Male Female
Teachers Teachers

Hindi 5 3

English 3

Maths 13 12

Science 7 3

Social Scle‹\ce 6

30
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

17. What is the total number offemale teachers in the state?

a• 5982 b. 5052 c. 6012 d. 5878
18. What is the ratio of male teachers to female teachers in the state*
a. 1506: 996 b. 1573: 997 c. 1501: 997 d. 1499:990
19. The number of male social science teachers is double in number offemale teachers of which of
the following subjects?
a. Hindi b. Math’S c. Science d. English
20. The number ofsocial science teachers is what percentage more than the number offemale science
teachers7
2 2
a. 266—% b. 366—% c. 36a°/» d. 266 3 %
21. The number ofmale teachers in Hindi, English and science is how much more than the number of
female teachers in math's, science and social science*
a. 2418 b. 2492 c. 2348 d.2388
DATA SUFFICIENCY
Directions: Each of the questions below consists ofa question and two/three statements. You
have todecide whether thedata provided in the statements are sufficient to answer thequestion.
Read both the statements and give answer as:
a. The data in statementsI alone is sufficient to answer the question, while the data in statement II
alone is not sufficient to answer the question.
b. The data in statements II alone is sufficient to answer thequestion, while the data in statementI
alone is not sufficient to answer thequestiOFl.
C. The data in statementsI alone or in statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
d. The data in both the statementsI and II is not sufficient to answer the question.
e. The data in both the statementsI and II together is necessary to answer the question.
1. What is the marked price of the shirt?
Statement 1.A shopkeeper purchases2 shirts for 2200 Rs.and earns 55 Rs.per shirt after giving
23% discount.
Statement II.A shopkeeper marks the price 36% more than the cost price and earns 200 Rs.after
giving some discount.
2. Find the height of the cylinder.
Statement I. The Curved surface area of the cylinder is 396 cm2 and the total surface area of the
cylinder is 1628 cm*.
Statement II. The radius of the cylinder is 0.S cm more than the3 times of the height of the
cylinder.
3. Find the rate of interest.
Statement I.A sum of money becomes double of itself at simple interest in 12.5 years.
Statement II. 5000 becomes 5832 in2 years at compound interest.
4. Total amount ofRs 62500 was distributed among two boys and1 girl. How much dideach boy
get?
Statement I: Each girl got 2/3 of what thetwo boys together got.
Statement II: The difference between the amount oftwo boys is Rs 12500.
5. What is the cost price ofa suit?
Statement I: The marked price of 21 suits is Rs 10500.
Statement II: The profit earned by shopkeeper ona suit is 20% more than the profit earned by
shopkeeper ona saree.
6. Find the amount invested by Rama in the business.
Statement I: Total profit earned by three partners Rama, Seema andSarita is Rs 27500.
Statement II: Seema andSarita invested Rs 25000 and Rs 32000 Respectively.
7. What is the area ofa right-angled triangle ABC, right angled at A?
Statement I: The circum-radius of the triangle is6 cm.
Statement II: Angle ABC = 60 degrees.

31
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handOUt

R. After5 years, what will the sum of the age of Mohan and Roman?
Statement I:5 years before, Mohan was5 years older than Rohan.
Statement II: At present, the ratio of their ages is 5: 6.
9. What is the value of three digits number, the unit digit of Which is3 and divisible by 7?
Statement I: The three digits number is divisible by 9.
Statement II: The three-digit number is divisible by 21.
10. Ina school, 60% of the girls aged 14 and above play football then how many ofgirls play football?
Statement I: In the school, there are no girls below 14 years who play football.
11. Statement II: In the school, girls comprise 60% of the total number ofstudents who play
football.
12. At present, the age ofA toB is in the ratio of 7: 9.B is how many years older than A?
Statement I:5 years before, the ratio of the age ofA toC was 4: 5.
Statement II: After5 years, the ratio of the age ofA toD will become 6: 7.
13. Isx greater than y?
Statement I: 1/x is greater than 1.
Statement II: 1/x is less than 1/y.
14. What is the area ofa triangle ABC of base 12 cm?
Statement I: The height of the triangle is8 cm.
Statement II: The triangle is an isosceles.
1 . What is the speed (in meters per hour) of motorboat in still water?
Statement I: The motorboat covers 100 km downstream in 10 hours.
Statement II: The motorboat covers 60 km in still water in 10 hours.

ALPHANUMERIC PROBLEMS

Directions for questions (1-5): Study the following digit-letter-symbol sequence carefully and answer
the questions given below.4 P +S r 9 B # A 3 ? 7 c > Z % 6 d & Q @ 1
1. if the above sequence is written in the reverse order, then which element will be Sth to the right
of 16th element from the right end?
a. ? b.% c.Z d.3
2. How many such numbers arethere in the above sequence, each ofwhich is immediately preceded
bya consonant and immediately followed bya symbol?
a. 1 b.3 c.4 d.0
3. Which element is seventh to the left of sixteenth element from the left in the abovesequence?
a. B b.A c.Q d.#
4. If the first half of the series is written in reverse order, then which element will be fourteenth from
the right end?
a. # b.> g. d.+
5. Which element will be fourteenth from the right end, if second half of the series is reversed?
a. P b.Q g.› d.A
Directions for questions (6-10): Read thefollowing character sequence carefully and then answer the
question given below it.P % A K 3 n F 4 £ U N $ 6 H @ L 2 S D @ R 5 T # 8 * H 9 & E
6. What will come in place of the question mark ofthe series?
AF3 UH$ 2RD ?
a. #HE b.#9” c.#9E d. 9”T
7. How m any such symbols arethere in the above sequence, each ofwhich is immediately preceded
bya number and immediately followed by an alphabet?
a, One b. Two c. Three d. More than three
8. Which ofthefollowing element is fifth to the left of sixteenth element from the Ieft7
a. 4 b.N c.H d.”

32
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

9. If all the numbers aredropped in the given series, then which element will be at 15th position
from right end?
a. N b.$ c.L d.H
10. How many such number arethere in the above sequence, each ofwhich is immediately preceded
and immediately followed bya symbol?
a. One b. Two c. Three d. None ofthese
Directions for questions (11-i4): Study the following arrangement carefully and answer the
questions given below.B C F E A U D C B F E D U C A B F E A U C D B F E A C F B E D
11. How many meaningful English language words starting withF which are highlighted using the
letters given in bold (C to A) in the above arrangement can be formed, using each letter only once?
a. One b. Two a Three d.Four
12. How many such pairs of letters are there in the arrangement highlighted in bold (C to A),each of
which has as many letters between them in the word (in both forward and backward directions)
as they have between them in the English alphabetical order?
a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four
13. If all the vowels are dropped from the above arrangement, which of the following will be the
thirteenth from the left end of the above arrangement7
a. B b.r c.B d.C
14. How many vowels are there in the above arrangement each ofwhich is immediately followed by
a consonant but not immediately preceded bya consonant7
a. One b. Three c. Six d.Four

SYLLOGISM
The syllogisms are just argument phrases that must be deduced to get some conclusions. in
competitive exams now asksyllogism questions in the reverse order, i.e., statements are questioned
from given conclusions.
Certain syllogism tactics will make it easler to answer thèse questions, and candidates can learn
more about them in this content
Thèse are certain universal rules that should be follo•ved while sofving the syllogism questions. They
are:
1. Any "AII" and "AII" sentence will always imply an "AII" conclusion.
2. Any "AII’ and "No" sentence will always implya "No- conclusion.
3. Any ’All" and "Some" sentence will always implya "No" conclusion.
4. Any "Some" and "AII" sentence will always implya "Some" conclusion.
5. Any "Some" and "No" sentence will always Implya "Some not’ conclusion.
6. Any "Some" and "Some" sentence will always Implya "No" conclusion.
Exercise problems:
Directions (1-5): In each question below are given three statements follo\ved by four conclusions
numbered I, Il, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem tobe at
variance with commonly known fàcts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given
conclusions logically follows from thegiven statements, disregarding commonly Imown facts.
1. Statements:
i. No spoons are plates, Il. all plates are bowls III. all bowls are utensils
Conclusions: ’
I. No spoons are bowls III. Some bowls are not plates
II. No spoons are utensils IV. Some utensils are not plates
a. OnlyI follow b. Only Ill follows c. Only IVfollow d. None ofthese
2. Statements:
1. Some roses are leaves. II. some leaves are plants Ill. some plants are flowers.
Conclusions:
I. No roses are flowers III. Some leaves are flowers
ll. No plants are roses IV. Some plants are roses

33
JVé I‹›I›.›l ?›i‘rvlr.‹'. I l f’ (N:ix‹'vn CrrJiip) -- StiJtl«'nt I›'›n*^!!t

:t. None (oIlcw•• I›. OnlyI and II folloW C. only II and III follow d. None ofthese
3. Statements:
!. S‹›mu swcets arc chocnlat0S. Il. AII chocolatcs ar0 fruits. lil. Some fruits are vegetables
toncluslons:
I. Somt' sweets arc vcgcta blue III Somc !ruI* are not sweets
II. Som= ci o«oI»‹cs »rc vcr‹tahlcs IV. Some fruits are not vegetables
a. OnlyI follow b. Only II follows c. Only III follow d. None ofthese
4. Statements:
I. No ftcynolds arc jitters. II. No jcttcrs arc fine grips. Ill. All fine grips are pens
Conclusions:
I. No jcttors arcftcVnolds III. Some fine grips are pens
II. Some jctfcrs arc not fine grips IV. Some pens are fine grips
a. All follows b. OnlyI& II follows c. Only Ill& lv follow d. None ofthese
S. Statements:
I. Some officers arc gentlemen. II. All graduates are officers. Ill. All intelligent are graduates
Conclusions:
I. Some gentlemen are officers III. Some officers are not intelligent
II. All intelligent are officers IV. All officers are intelligent
a. All follows b. OnlyI& II follows c. Only III& IV follow d. None ofthese
Direction (6-10): Some statements are given followed by some conclusions. You have to consider the
statements to be true even if they seem tobe atvariance from commonly known facts. You have to
decide which of the following conclusions follow from the given statements:
6. Statements:
I. All bags are books. II. Some books are pencils. III. No pencils are boxes.
Conclusion:
I. Some books are not boxes Ill. Some bags are not boxes
II. Some books being boxes isa possibility
a. Only1 follows b. OnlyI& II follows c. All follows d. None ofthese
7. Statements:
I. Some dolls are barbie II. Some barbie are famous III. All famous are player
IV. No famous is actor V. Some actors are barbie.
Conclusion:
I. Some barbie are not actors III. Some players are famous
II. Some barbie are players
a. All follows b. OnlyI& II follows c. Only II& III follow d. None ofthese
8. Statements:
I. All cats are dogs. II. Some dogs are not cows. III. No cow isa rat.
IV. Some rats are dogs. V. No rat is horse.
Conclusion:
I. All cats are horses. III. All cats being cows isa possibility.
II. Some dogs being cows isa possibility.
- ’!* ’°!! '• b- ^!YM & III foilows c. Ali foiiows d. None ofthese
9. Statements:
I. All good arebad. II. All bad are best. III. All best are
worst. IV. Some worst is fair.
V. No best is normal. VI. Some normal are worst.
Conclusion:
I. All fair being normal isa possibilit III. Some normal being good isa possibility
II. Some best are fair.
a. OnlyI follows b. OnlyI& II foIIOWS C. Only II& lii fOllOW d. None ofthese

34
TO. Statements:
! *!! 'Y^* ñ/¢ lt'gs. II. No eyrs ai r' nnsc. III. All noses :›rc Ij.in‹Js.
IV. Scl11£' t1aIids •art’ IcgS, V. No legs are c,1rs.
ConcluSion:
III. Some hands are not cars
II. Sonic hands arc not nose
a. 0/ IYI follow b. Only II& III follows c. Only Ill (ollow d. None ofthr'st
11. Statements:
I. Some oceans nre seas. II. All oceans arc rlvers. III. No river isa canal.
Conclusions:
I. All rivers can never be oceans. II. All canals being oceans isa possibility.
a. If only conclusionI follows c. If cilhcr conclusionI and II follows
b. If only conclusions II follows d. If neither conclusionI nor conclusion II follows
12. Statements:
I. No day is night. II. All nights are noon. III. No noon is an evening
Conclusions:
I. No day is an evening. II. All days being noon isa possibility.
a. If only conclusionI follows c. If either conclusionI and II follows
b. If only conclusions II follows d. If neither conclusionI nor conclusion II follows
13. Statements:
I. No books area page. II. All pages are markers. Ill. All markers are articles.
Conclusions:
I. All pages are article. II. At least some articles are markers.
a. If only conclusionI follow c. If either conclusionI or conclusion II follows
b. If only conclusion II follow d. If both the conclusions follow
14. Statements:
I. All buildings are houses. III. All apartments are flats.
II. No house is an apartment.
Conclusions:
l. All buildings being flats isa possibility. II. All apartments being building isa possibility.
a. If only conclusionI follows c. If either conclusionI or conclusion II follows
b. If only conclusions II follows d. If neither conclusionI nor conclusion II follows

VISUAL SEQUENCE
Exercise problems:
1. Which oftheimagesA toE is next in the sequence?

A 0 O A O A O O
a. A b.B c.C d.D e.E
2. Which oftheimagesA toE goes in the missing part of the sequence?

1 10 1 1 100 1 10 1 1101 1000 1100 1100 1000

1 0 10 1101 10J0 1000 J100 1101 1Q00 1101
10 0 0 ’ 1010 J000 1100 1101 1000 1101 1100
1 10 0 1 000 11 00 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010

a. A b.B c.C d.D e.E

3. Which oftheImagesA toE is next Inthe se IU'0fIM*

a. A b.B c.C d.D e.E

4. Which oftheimagesA toE is next inthe sequence?

a. A b.8 d.D e.E

5. Wh”ich o t e imagesA to E isn In e sequence.

%%ÖÖg'ü O\é
». a b.B cC d.D e.E
6. Which oftheimagesA toE goes in the missing part of the sequence7

a. A b.B c.C d.D e.E

7. The mirror image ofthe below figure wich respect to the line A-B is.

a.
8. Choose theoption which correctly represents mirror image oftheword given.
3UXTAPOSE
». 3SOPATXUL s. 3ZOPATXUt «zoqATxU1 a.azo4ATxur
9. Find the misslng figure in the following diagram given.

d. None oftheohavc
Jv Glohal ServiccS LLP (NaXeva Group) - StudCnt handout

10.

a. d.
11. Find the missing figure in the following diagram given.

a. d.
12. Select the option in which the given figure is embedded (Rotation is not allowed)

a. b. c. d.
13. Select the correct mirror image ofthe given figure when themirror is placed to the right of the
figure.

14. The sequence offoldinga piece of paper and the manner in which the folded paper has been
cutis shown in the following figures. How would this paper look when unfolded?’

a. b. d.

CRYPTARITHMETIC
Rules for Solving Cryptarithmetic Problems
1. Each letter, symbol represents only one digit throughout the problem.
2. Numbers must notbegin with zero i.e. 0567 (wrong), 567 (correct).
3. Aim is to find the value of each letter in the Cryptarithmetic problems.
4. There must be only one solution to the Cryptarithmetic problems.

37
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

5. The numerical base, unless specifically stated, is 10.

6. After replacing letters by their digits, the resulting arithmeticoperations must be correct.
Exercise problems:
1. DAYS+ TOO = SHORT, then findS + H + 0 + R + T
a. 11 b. 12 C. 13 d. 14
2. BLACK+GREEN=ORANGE. Find the value of 0+R+A+N*G+E
a. 25 b. 23 c. 29 d. 21
3. XYZ + XZY = YZX, Find the value ofX + Y + Z.
a. 16 b. 17 C. 18 d. 20
4. KYOTO+TOKYO=HAKONE. Find the value of T+0+K+Y+O
a. 28 b. 32 c. 30 d.37
5. XYZ + XYZ + XYZ = ZZZ, then find the value of Y.
a. 8 b.7 c.5 d.1
6. ABCB+EBCB=AFGAG, Find the value of B+A+D
a. 14 b. 1S c. 16 d. 17
7. APPLE+GRAPE=CHERRY. Find the value of C+ H+ E+ R+Y
a. 15 b. 17 c. 18 d. 24
8. ABCDE* 4 = EDCBA. Find the value ofA + C + E
a. 18 b. 19 c.2 1 d. 27
9. If EAT+THAT=APPLE. Then find the value of A+L+T.
a. 13 b. 15 c. 18 ¢l. 17
10. If WAIT+ ALL= GIFTS then what's the value ofG + I+ F + T. IfA =6 and S =5
a. 11 b. 12 c. 14 d. 15
11. EARTH+PHOBOS=EUROPA, if the value of O=2 andE -9 Find the value of E+A+T
a. 19 b. 18 c.2 1 d. 16
12. YOUR+YOU=HEART, if O=4, find the value of Y+U+R*E
a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18
13. What is the value ofJ in the following question?

D A D E

a. 9 b.8 c.7 d.6

14. Find the value of MAY in the following multiplication Table
E Y E
M A T
S Y I A
G M T A
A I R Y
A A S M A A
a. 239 b. 146 c. 319 d. 328

38
JV Global Serviccs ŁLP (Naxcva Group) - Student handout

Verbal AbilityI
Reading Comprehension
Answer thequestions according to the reading.
Passage1
"I Havea Dream" isa public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr.
during the March on Washington forJobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an
end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights. Delivered to over 250,000
civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the speech wasa
defining moment ofthecivil rights movement.

Beginning witha reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863,
King observes that:"one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free". Toward theend ofthespeech,
King departed from his prepared text fora partly improvised peroration on the theme "I havea
dream", prompted by Mahalia Jackson's cry: "Tell them about the dream, Martin!" In this part of the
speech, which most excited the listeners and has now become its most famous, King described his
dreams offreedom and equality arising froma land of slavery and hatred. Jon Meacham writes that,
"Witha single phrase, Martin Luther King Jr. joined Jefferson and Lincoln in the ranks of men who've
shaped modern America". The speech was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century ina
1999 poll of scholars of public address.

1. What issues does Martin Luther King's speech address?

a. Continuation of racism c. Civil rights
b. End to racism and civil and economic rights d. Civil War
2. What pushes King to speak: “I havea dream”?
a. He reads out the Emancipation Proclamation
b. He is prompted by Mahalia Jackson
c. He is overwhelmed by thecrowd
d. Lincoln had asked him to give the speech
3. From thelast paragraph, give one word for”toleave”
a. Departed c. Proclamation
b. c. Improvised d. Address
4. What is the name ofmartin Luther King's famed speech?
a. The Emancipation Proclamation c.A Peroration
b. An Improvisation d.I Havea Dream
5. In front of whom does King speak?
a. The civi! rights supporters c. Lincoln
b. His friends d. The Negroes
Passage2
The 543 elected MPs will be elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post
voting. The President of India nominates an additional two members from the Anglo-
indian community if he believes the community is under-represented.
Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the
constituency and possessa valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India.
Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.
Earlier there were speculations that the Modi Government might advance the 2019 general election
to counter the anti-incumbency factor, however learning from its past blunder of preponing election
made bytheVajpayee Government it decided to go into election as per the normal schedule which
was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, after which Model Code of
Conduct was applied with immediate effect.
1. Which word orphrase means “disapproval of current political officeholders” In the passage
a. First-past-the-post c. Anti-incumbency
h. blunder /. Modrl Code ofConduct
2. Since when was theModel Code ofConduct applied wlth Immediate cffcct7
. 73’* r‹at zo18 C, 10"’ M.arch 20IR
t›. ;c "readc I› u1v *“’ Marcl› 2< 11
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

3. When does the President of lndia nominate an additional two members from the Anglo-
Indian community?
a. When there are tess than 543 elected MPs
b. When theAnglo-lndian community fails to senda representative
c. When thepresident believes that the Anglo-lndian community is over-represented
d. When thepresident believes that the Anglo-lndiancommunity is under-represented
4. What arethemandatory requirements to vote in lndia?
Il. Must be an Indian citizen
III. Must be18 or older
IV. Must havea valid criminal record
V. Must be an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency
VI. Must possessa valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of lndia
Choose the correct options
El. (i), (ii) (iii) b. (ii) (i) (v) (iv) c. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (v) d. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
5. What is the apt meaning of“speculations” as per the passage?
a. Conjectures b. Assumptions c. Either (a) or (b) d. Both (a) and (b)
Passage3
The Climate of India comprisesa wide range of weather conditions acrossa vast geographic scale and
varied topography, making generalisations difficult. Based on the Köppen system, lndia hosts six major
Climatic subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and
humid tropical regions supporting rainforests in the southwest and the island territories. Many regions
have starkly different microclimates. The country's meteorological department follows the
international standard of four climatological seasons with some local adjustments: winter (December,
January and February), summer (March, April and May),a monsoon rainy season (June to September),
anda post-monsoon period (October to November).
lndia's geography and geology are climatically pivotal: the Thar Desert in the nortlswest and the
Himalayas in the north work in tandem to affecta culturally and economically important monsoonal
regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the Himalayas bar the influx of frigid
katabatic winds from the icyTibetan Plateau and northerly Central Asia. Most ofNorth lndia is thus
kept warm oris only mildly chilly or cold during winter; the same thermal dam keeps most regions in
lndia hot in summer.
1. Based on the passage what arethetypes of clïmates in India
a. Tundra, Tropical, Humid and Arid c. Winter, Summer, Tundra and Monsoon
b. Winter, Tropical, Humid and Monsoon d.Summer, Winter, Monsoon and Post-Monsoon
2. The Indian monsoon is controlled by
a. Thar desert in the northwest c. Eitl er (a) or (b)
b. Himalayas inthe north d. (a) and (b) work intandem
3. According to the passage, making generalizatlons with respect to the Indian climate is difficult
because:
I. The weather conditions are different based on geography and topography
ll. The weather conditions are consistent across geographic scale and varied topography
III. The country's meteorological department is indecisive
Choose thecorrect options
a. Only (ii) c. Only (i)
b. (ii) and (iii) d. (i) and (iii)
4. Which word inthepassage means theopposite of the word “retreat”
a. Regime c. Evacuation
b. lnfluX d. Arid
5. What is the role of the Himalayas as described inthe given passage?
I. lt is the highest mountain range and adds to lndia's beautification
Il. Stop the icycold winds from the Tibetan plateau and Central Asia
III. Keep thetemperature controlled in the northern part of India
IV. Help regulate the monsoon inIndia
Choose the correct options
a. Only (i) and (ii) c. Only (ii), (iii) and (iv)
b. Only (i), (ii) and (iii) d. None oftheabove

40
 JVGlohal Scrvices LLP (NOxCva Group) - Student handout

Passage 4
NatHre writing is nonfiction or fiction prose or poetry about the natural environment. Nature writing
encompasses a wide variety of works, ranging from those that place primary emphasis on natural
history facts (such as field guides) to those in which philosophical interpretation predominate. It
includes natural history essays, poetry, essays of solitude or escape, as well as travel and adventure
writing.
Nature writing often draws heavily on scientific information and facts about the natural world; at the
same time, it is frequently written in the first person and incorporates personal observations of and
philosophical reflections upon nature.
Modern nature writing traces its roots to the works ofnatural history that were popular in the second
half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th. An important early figure was the "pdrson-
naturalist" Gilbert White (1720 — 1793),a pioneering English naturalist and ornithologist. He is best
known forhis Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1789).
1. Nature writing emphasizes on
1. Historical facts about the nature
II. Philosophical interpretations of the nature
III. Scientific information and facts
Choose the most appropriate option
a. None oftheabove c. All the above
b. Only (i) and (ii) d. Only (i) and (ii)
2. Based on the passage what is period to which the modern nature writing can be traced to
a. 1850 till 1999 c. 1750 till 1899
b. 1850 to 1899 d. 1750 till 1900
3. Which statement summarizes the above passage
a. The passage talks about the life and lessons of Gilbert White, a profound naturalist and
ornithologist.
b. The passage talks about how the nature writing is missing in the modern eraand needs to be
revived.
c. The passage talks about from where thewriters draw inspiration for nature writing, and how its
importance is diminishing in the modern era.
d. The passage talks about what nature writing is, the different types of nature writing, its style, and
about the roots and pioneer of modern nature writing.
4. Which word aptly describes the word “reflections” as used inthe passage
a. Opinion c. Images
b. Reproduction d. None oftheabove
5. According to the passage, what kind of works arewritten as part of nature writing?
I. Natural history essays and essays of solitude or escape
II. Poetry
Ill. Travel and adventure writing
Choose thecorrect option
a. Only (i) b. Only (i) and (ii) c. Only (ii) and (iii) d. All the above
PassageS
The Himalayas, or Himalaya, forma mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian
subcontinent from theTibetan Plateau.
The Himalayan range has many oftheEarth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The
Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation, including ten of the
fourteen g,oo0-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is
6,961 m (22,838 ft) tall.
Lifted by the subduction ofthe Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain
range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 km (1,S00 mi) long. Its western anchor,
Nanga Parbat, lles just south of the northernmost bend of Indus river. Its eastern anchor, Nanicla
Barwa, is just west ofthe great bend oftheYarlung Tsangpo Rlver (upper stream of tle Bral« aputra
River). The I-himalayan r0nge is bordered on the northwest by the K‹ar‹1kor.am and the Hindu Kush
ranges. To the north, the chaln is separated from theTibetan Plateau bya S0-G0 fir» (31-37 n1I) wide
tectonic valley called the Indus-Tsanlipo StJt • >** t!!< loft!› I!c an of the Himalaya is ringed
by the very low lndo-Gan/jetIc Plaln.1”hc rai›t*e varlcs In wldtf› froi» 350 km (220 »I) in the west

41
JV ("“hd‘ !?"`‫ח‬/‫ וי‬I". HI" (Nnxnw (mum) ??»‫ חדשות‬lmmli’lll‘

ll‘oklstanl to 150 Ian l‘llt nil) In the mat (Aiuuachul I’latleshj. The l‘llI‘IIjIlfli/BS We’dlSL'T‘Ct from theOther
(or GreaterHimalava
!?:‫"שיחת יהיה‬-10 ‫וװויח‬.‫\ו‬/\‫י‬.‫ו‬.‫ו‬, although smurllnwsthe term 'tllrnalaya l isloosely
used to Include the Karakoruui .?‫ ואוו‬some oitheother ranges.
.[ New Inn Is the lllmnln on Mountain matte?
‫?ה‬. 2400 mlR l). :?(‫ג‬/00 !»"‫מן‬ c. 1500 ml d.15000mi
2- What Is the northwest border at the Himalayas? ‫?י‬
‫?ה‬. ‫ ושוחח‬Kush Rt Nangn l‘arbal C' Karakoram& Hindu »?‫חש‬
b. Indugq-Sm‘mm Suture d. Karakoram& Nanga Parbat
.3 How many peaks Inthe I'llmalayns are above 8000 meter above the sea level?
‫?ה‬. Ten h. Ii'IlIy c. Five d. F0urteen
.4 Which word Inthepassage means "the sideways and downward movement oftheedge ofa
plate ol the earth's crust Into the mantle beneath another plate."
a. Tectonic h. Anchor 0- Subduction d. Valley
.5 Which statement summarizes the Information glven inthe passage
a. The passage talks about how the Himalayas act asa barrier to icy winds forIndia
b. The passage talks about. the Mount Everest in the Himalayas
c. The passage talks only about the geographic boundaries of the Himalayas
d. The passage talks about the geographic boundaries and the might of the Himalayas
Passage6
The rivers of India play an Important role in the lives of the Indians. They provide potable water, cheap
transportation, electricity, and the livelihood fora large number ofpeople all over the country. This
easily explains why nearly all the major cities of India are located by the banks of rivers. The rivers also
have an important. role in Hindu Religion and are considered holy by allHindus inthe country.
Seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up theriver system of India. The largest
basin system ofthe rivers pours their waters into the Bay of Bengal; however, some ofthe rivers whose
courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of
Himachal Pradesh empty into the Arabian Sea. Parts of Ladakh, northern parts of the Aravalli range
and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage.
Allmajor rivers of India originate from one ofthe following main watersheds:
.1 Aravalli range
.2 Himalaya and Karakoram ranges
.3 Sahyadri or Western Ghats inwestern India
.4 Vindhya and Satpura ranges
Himalayan glaciers in the Indian subcontinent are broadly divided into the three river basins, namely
the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. The Indus basin has the largest number ofglaciers ,(3500) whereas
the Ganga and Brahmaputra basins contain about 1000 and 660 glaciers, respectively. Ganga is the
largest river system in India. However these rivers are just three among many. Other examples are
Narmada, Tapi, and Godavari.
.1 According the passage, the major rivers in India
.3 Pour only into Bay of Bengal
b. Pour only into Arabian Sea
c. Pour either into Bay of Bengal or Arabian Sea or have inland drainage
d. Pour either into Bay of Bengal or Arabian Sea
.2 How many glaciers are there in each ofthe river basins in India?
a. Brahmaputra, Ganga, Indus — ,1000 ,660 3500 respectively
b. Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga - ,1000 ,660 3500 respectively
c. Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra — ,1000 ,660 3500 respectively
.01 Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus — ,1000 ,660 3500 respectively
.3 According to the passage the rivers in India playa pivotal role because:
I. They provide potable water
It. They areimportant only to the Hindus
III. They provide cheap transportation& electricity
IV. They arelocated near all major cities in India
V. They aremeans toearn livelihood fora large number ofpeople
 jv Global SrrvìCcs LLP (Naxrvn Group›) - St\Ident łi‹1nrlc‹›t

Choose the corrrel cț›tinns

” "’ "'! ("'! "•’ ” ‹4 ('›( ) ‹. (•) (''i)( ) ( )
4. All the major Indian rivers originate from the following watersheds
p, Himalaya, Kar‹akCif‹ani, Arav ii‹, w stc‹n Gltats, Sahyaclri, Vindhya
t, Karakor.an, Aravalli, IJinialaya, Hind‹iK isł, Vindhya, Satpura, Sahyadri
r. l3imalny.a, Kar‹akOratn, Aravalli, Nanga Parbat, Víndhya, Satpura, Western Ghats
d. AF¿iVÛllİ, HÏmalaya, Karakoram, Sahyadri, Vindhyø, Satpura
s. Which all rivers are mentioned inthe entire passage
». Ganga, Bay of Bengal, Indus, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari
b. Tapi, Ganga, Bay of Bengal, Indus, Arabian Sea, Godavari
r. Brahn aputra, Indus, Ganga, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari
d. Narmada, Tapi, Godavari

Passage7
Philosophy of Education isa label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of
education. It can be considereda branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined
as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom,
and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.
Many educationalists consider ita weak and woolly field, too far removed from the practical
applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient
Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has
helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.

Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in "The
Republic" (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written ąround 360 B.C.). In it,
he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising
them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest
receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able.
He believed that education should be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art.
Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is be found in children
born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated
minority of the population does not really followa democratic model.

Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated
in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed
that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used asa key tool to develop
good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He
emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he
explicitly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a
wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.

During the Medieval period, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in
his work "De Magistro". Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of
everlasting importance to all peopJe everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts
(which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or
techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later thata theory of secular
perennialism developed.

fJuríng the Renaissance, the French septic Michel de Montaigne (1S33 - 1592) was one o( the first tc
critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne w‹as willing to question the conve‹ tienal
wisdom of tt›e period, caIliny into question tf›e whole edifice of the educational system, and t
t/Țjp|jg¡ț ¿Șr țj¿Țj ț ¡Qp t{jąt {jjqjyĘ•ĘȘÏțy-gğUCdt0d |3hllOSO|3hCfS WIFG I0COSSûFlly WlSŁ'F t(]<1țț \łnȘtț\ț¿¿ț c^ʧ
farrri vzcrk‹*r*., for c•xarnpl‹'.
JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Studenthandout

1. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?

a. Aristotle felt the need forrepetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students
need to be constantly questioned
b. Aristotle felt the need forrote-learnin g; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning
c. There was no difference
d. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates
emphasized upon science
2. Why do educationists consider philosophya ‘weak and woolly’ field?
a. It is not practically applicable
b. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood
c. It is irrelevant for education
d. None oftheabove
3. What do youunderstand by the term ‘Perennialism’, in the context of the given comprehension
passage7
a. It refers to something which is of ceaseless importance
b. It refers to something which is quite unnecessary
c. It refers to something which is abstract and theoretical
d. It refers to something which existed in the past and no longer exists now
4. Were Plato's beliefs about education democratic?
a. He believed that only the rich have the right to acquire education
b. Yes
c. He believed that onlya select few are meant toattend schools
d. He believed that all pupils are not talented
5. Why did Aquinas proposea model ofeducation which didnot laymuch emphasis on facts7
a. Facts are not important c. Facts change with the changing times
b. Facts do not lead to holistic education d. Facts are frozen in time

Verbal Ability II
Grammar Based Exercise
Sentence Correction- In questions given below,a part of the sentence is underlined. Below aregiven
alternatives to the underlined part which may correct the sentence. Choose thecorrect alternative.
1. The Nirbhaya Case leading to the passing of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Actin2013 which
widened thedefinition of rape and made Ita non-bailable offence.
a. Will leads to the pass c. led to the passing
b. Leading to the passed d. led in the passing
z. In sharp contrast to the ease with which terrorists from across the border hitIndia's military
installations is the delusion that afflicts India's defence leadership.
a. Afflict India's defence c. Afflicting India's defence
b. Afflicted India's defence d. No Improvement
3. It is hard to think of any corporate house inIndia that could be quite so courageously dignified
in reinforcing similar values that underscores the founding of the modern Indian state 73 years
ago.
a. Is underscored b. Will underscored c.Underscored the d. Underscore the
4. Despite relatively low returns, most people have reveala markedpreference forinvestment in
more secure bank deposits and postal savings schemes instead of high-yielding but high-risk
investment alternatives such as mutual funds and shares.
a. Most peoples revealed c. most people reveal
b. More people revealed d. most peoplerevealing
5. India has beena major player in defence manufacturing since long,
but after Independence, it
did not used hisstrength seriously as it could have.
a. Never used its b. Not used its c. Not use their d. Not use its
' ›v Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Student handout

6. The RBI carries out India's monetary policy and exercises supervision and controlling onto
banks and non-banking finance companies inIndia.
a. Controlled in banks b. Control to banks c. control over banks d. controller over the banks
7. The Rajya Sabha select committee that examined the bill argued into restricting the surrogate
mother toa ”close relative potentially affects the availability of surrogate mothers.
a. argued that restricting c. arguing that restricted
b. argue restriction d. argued that restricted
8. Faced with the difficult task of pleasing both disqualified MLAs and BJPloyalists, CM
Yediyurappa eventually decided to side under the turncoats whose *sacrifice’ brought his
government into existence.
a. Side after the turncoats c. Side altogether to turncoats
b. Side into the turncoats d. Side with the turncoats
9. He died in the year 1960 at 11pm on 14July.
a. On 14 July in the year 1960 at11pm c. At 11pm on 14July in the year 1960
b. In the year 1960 on 14 July at 11pm d. No Improvement
10.Practically every part of the banana tree is used by man.
a. each part b. any part c. most part d. No Improvement
Sentence improvement
In the question,a part of the sentence is in bold. Choose the option which best substitutes the
highlighted part of the sentence.
1. Walk slowly lest you should not fall.
a. fast lest you should not c. slowly lest you should
b. fast lest you should d. slowly and you should
2. Trains delays are getting worse and with the high fares, it all add into misery forthe commuters.
a. add for b. adds in c. add up d. adds up to
3. He's been angling for an invitation, but I don't want him tocome.
a. angling into b. angling of c. angling by d. No Correction Required
4. Everybody bailed out on him when thescandal broke.
a. bailed into c. No Correction Required
b. bailed up to d. bailed from
5. I rang the Colonel and asked him to put my name forward forthe vacancy in Zurich.
a. put my name up c. put out my name
b. put my name around d. No Correction Required
6. The government banged on out competition and the free market
a. bangs from b. banged on about c. banged on in d. bangs on in
7. According to the International Migration Outlook 2017 report on OECD member countries, Indians
ought to be among topasylum- seekers in other countries.
a. Indians are among topasylum-seekers in other countries
b. Indians are amidst top asylum-seekers in other countries
c. Indians are said to be among thetopasylum-seekers in other countries
d. Indians are among maximum asylum-seekers in all countries
Sentence Completion:
1. India's navy is beginning to see the end product of decades of anda continuing of
strategic planning.
a. agitation, praise c. confusion, neglect
b. calmness, disdain d. amazement, despite
2. Recent moves by thegovernment to tryand the ofsavings rates in the country,
many ofwhich are still administratively set, are welcome and praiseworthy.
a. resolve, diversity c. elucidate, phenomenon
b. rationalize, multitude d. accumulate, majority
3. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has in line with by keeping unchanged the repo
rate, the rate at which the central bank lends to the banking system, at 6.25 per cent.
a. enforced, assumption c. operated, fortune
b. executed, view d. £lCted, expectations

45
 JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student hdFldOUt

oVernment towaive farmloans taken

4. On Tuesday, the Madras High Courtdirected theTamil Nddu g
that no penal action or loan recovery
by all farmers, of their landholding, and tOEnsure
was against them.
a. irrespective, initiated c.impartial, riginated
b. b. needless, inserted d.respectful, Sponsored
is a/an in the Centre's
5. The one success of theNarendra Modi-led government
fiscal state.
a. unequivocal, improvement c. indisputable,stagnation
b. certain, stoppage d. questionable, organized
. ÂShima herteam witha lot of SkÏll ând the lncrease In the sales by the team
isa measure ofhersuccess.
a. dominates, poor c. manages, significant
b. condemns, sudden d.directs, worthless
7. Time and again, worried analysts have of trouble, as debt laden and spendthriftconsumers
are torein in their spending.
a. Thought, eager C. wondered, armed
b. alarmed, force d. warned, unwilling
Fill in the blank with the correct option that fits in grammatiCally and logically.
1. Mixed economy implies the ofa state enterprise and free enterprise, and cannot meana
wholly state- dominated economy.
£i. ŸUKtâ OSÏtÏOn b. existence C.COllation d. co-existence
2. Government spokesmen always assure us that ideology plays no part in their economic policies,
but the evidence to the contrary is
a. Negligible b. understandable c. overwhelming d. commendable
3. It helps to do some work before givinga competitive examination.
a. Strenuous b. relaxed c. preparatory d. organized
4. The busy, fabric of the c(own’s tie matched his oversized jacket, which was equally
atrocious.
a. Mottled b. bleak c. credible d. malleable
5. The children were by the seemingly nonsensical clues until Kinan pointed out that the
messages were in code.
a. Flummoxed b. prevaricated c. feigned d. censured
6. As the in Romeo andJuliet, Romeo isa hero able to capture the audience's sympathy by
continua(ly professing his (ove for Juliet.
a. Protagonist. b. enigma c. façade d. activist
7. The chess master promised to havoc upon his opponent's pawns fortaking his bishop.
a. Wreak b. warrant c. ensue d.placate
8. I have always admired Seymour's ; l've never seen him rattled by anything.
a. Aplomb b. confluence c. propriety d. compunction
9. Fables are stories that have been told throughout past generations, trickling to the
present to deliver important Cessons about life.
a. Down b.Out C.lFïto d. Up
10.Rokke, 61, will let scientists use the yacht forfree to plot oceanic garbage patches,
fish stocks and test water acidity levels.
a. Access b. Test c. Assess d. Appraisal
ldentify the correct sentence:
1.
a. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice-presidents are elected fora
four-year term by the
people
b. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice-presidents areelected, by
the people, fora four-
year term.
c. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice-presidents is elected
fora four-year term by the
people.
d. The President of Costa Rica, along with tWo vice-presidents are el
ected fora four-year terms by
the people.
cvclobal Services LLP (Naxeva Group) - Studenthandout

2.
a. A team ofbiologists rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko in 1994.
b.A team ofbiologists, in 1994, rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko.
C. The New Caledonia crested gecko wasrediscovered bya team ofbiologists in 1994.
d. In 1994 the New Caledonia crested gecko was rediscovered bya team ofbiologists.
3.
a. The information presented in the most recent reports indicate that turbulent times lie ahead for
those who have invested only in Blue Chip stocks.
b. The information presented in the most recent reports indicates that turbulent times lie ahead for
those who have invested only in Blue Chip stocks.
C. The information presented in the most recent reports indicate that turbulent times are laying
ahead forthose who have invested only in Blue Chip stocks.
d. The information presented in the most recent reports indicates that turbulent times are laying
ahead forthose who have invested only in Blue Chip stocks.
4.
a. Critics charge that Indian Cricket Association lobbied for stadiums with fewer seats to reduce
supply and increase ticket prices.
b. Critics charge that Indian Cricket Association lobbied for stadiums with less seats to reduce supply
and increase ticket prices.
C. Critics charge that Indian Cricket Association lobbied for stadiums that had been built with fewer
seats to reduce supply and increase ticket prices.
d. Critics charge that Indian Cricket Association lobbied for stadiums that had less seats asa means
ofreducing supply so they could increase ticket prices.
5.
a. The teacher gave example of the great personalities to show that everyone must be held
responsible for their actions.
b. The teacher gave example ofthe great personalities to demonstrate its belief that everyone must
be held responsible for their actions.
C. The teacher gave example of the great personalities to show that everyone must be held
responsible for his actions.
d. The teacher gave example of the great personalities to demonstrate their belief that everyone
must be held responsible for their actions
6.
a. Each of the songs were great and the choice for the best one among all three was very difficult
indeed.
b. Each of the songs was great and choosing the best one among thethree was very difficult indeed.
C. Each ofthe songs was great and choosing the best one between thethree was very difficult indeed.
d. Each of the songs were great and choosing the best one between the three was very difficult
indeed.
7.
a. Unfortunately last night temperature dropped suddenly, which will mean that the shoots
emerging from the soil will be killed by the frost
b. Unfortunately last night temperature dropped suddenly, which will mean that the frost will kill the
shoots emerging from the soil.
C. Unfortunately last night temperature dropped suddenly and this will mean that the shoots
emerging from the soil will be killed by the frost.
d. Unfortunately last night temperature dropped suddenly and the resulting frost will kill the shoots
that are emerging from the soil.
8,
a. The board of directors requires that these reports should be submitted before the end of the
current quarter.
b. The board of directors requires that these reports be submitted before the end of the current
quarter.
c. The board of directors requires that these reports shoulJ be submitted before the end of the
current quarter.
d. The board of directors requires these reports submlssion bufore the end of the current quarter.

47
JV Glohal Services LLP (Nùx0va Group) — Studcnt handout

9.
a. The best way to promote creative thinking is not to promise monetary rewards forideas, but to
ensure that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution.
h. The best way lo promote creative thinking is not to promise monetary rewards forideas, but to
ensure that the person who makes thesuggestion will be receiving recognition for his contribution.
c. The best way to promote creative thinking is not to promise monetary rewards forideas, but rather
by ensuring that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution.
d.T he best way to promote creative thinking is not to promise monetary rewards forideas, but rather
ensure that suggestion-maker receives recognition for his contribution.
10.
a. lt ought to be him with whom youshare your secrets, not me.
b. lt ought to be him with whom youshare your secrets, not I.
c. lt ought to be he with whom youshare your secrets, not me.
d. lt ought to be he with whom youshare your secrets, not I.
Spotting Errors:
Each of the following questions is split into3 parts separated by /’. Find out which part of the
sentence has an error (a,b or c). If there is no mistake the answer is ‘No error’ (d).
1. Pacific Ocean is (1)/ the deepest ocean (2)/ in the world (3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
2. Beside Hindi (1)/ she knew (2)/ Bengali well (3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
3. WhenI was young (1)/I used to collect stamps (2)/ asa hobby (3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
4. The children's dog (1)/ slept quietly (2)/ in their uncle's house (3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
5. lt was in 2006 (1)/ that we first flew (2)/ to the United States(3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
6. The poor man (1)/ poisoned him(2)/ and his own children(3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
7. Our success or our failure (1)/ largely depend (2)/ upon our actions (3)/ No error (4)
a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4
In each question, an incomplète statement (Stern) followed by fillers is given. Pick out the best one
which can complete incomplète stern correctly and meaningfully.
1. The product didn't work in the States. As they say there, it really
a. back to the drawing board c. bombed
b. bottlenecks d. blow-by-blow
2. However, the same product sold really well in England. As they say there, it
a. back to the drawing board c. bombed
b. bottlenecks d. went likea bomb
3. Production has been unable to keep pace with demand. We are doing our best to eliminate the

a. blow-by-blow b. drawing board c. bitter pill d. bottlenecks

4. We'll have to start again on this one. lt's time to go
a. blow-by-blow b. bit bÿ bit c. pen and chalk d. back to the drawing board
5. I‘m very happy with our sales prospects for the next year. I'm feeling really
a. Bullish c. broke the news
b. b. back to the drawing board d. on toa goodthing
6. I reckon we owe you about the same as you owe us. Why don't we just
a. call his bluff b. called ita day C.Calls the shots d. caii at quits
7. We've been working on this forfourteen hOUrS now. Isn't it time we ?
a. called Ita day b. call it quits c. calls the shots d. call his bluff
j\/r lobar56fViCC'$LLP (Nax«va Group) - Student handout

Verbal Ability lit

vocabulary Based Exercises
Antonyms:
i. JuVEfllLE
a. Support b. Adult c. Child d. Prison
2. SOLID
a. Di+Y b. Soft c. Dangerous d. Buy
3. SANE
d. Priest b. Cloudy c. Listen d. Crazy
4. PROMINENT
a. Project b. Deep c. Rash d. Inconspicuous
5. TRANQUIL
a. Dark b. Turbulent c. Easy d. Stay
6. GLUM
a. Desire b. Gloomy c. Sour d. Good-natured
7. ADVERSITY
a. Diversity b. Ease c. Agency d. Agreement e. Indifference
8. RETICENCE
a. Brazenness b. Elegance c. Retention d. Remoteness e. Agreement
9. SUMPTUOUS
a. Swampy b. lmitable c. Meager d. Fanciful e. Eloquent
10. EXPUNGE
a. Promote b. Predict c. Unite d. Insert e. Assign
11. ADROIT
a. Bulging b. Antique c. Jovial d. Affirmative e. Entire
12. TRACTABLE
a. Varied b. Incapable c. Weary d. forward e. Recalcitrant
13. DECOROUS
a. Unadorned b. Homely c. Indecisive d. Improper e. Childish
14. FLAMBOYANT
a. Tasteless b. Impersonal c. Plain d. Unconvincing e. Terse
15. ABHOR
a. Deter b. Absolve c. Accuse d. Bedizen e. Adore
16. AUDACITY
a. Swiftness b. Cowardice c. Conciseness d. Patricide e. Pugnacity
17. ZEALOT
a. Heretic b. Hypocrite c. Carelessness d. Rich e. Indifference
18. PLACATE
a. Nettle b. Modify c. Saturate d. Reply e. Retaliate
19. BLASE
a. Different b. awed c. Afraid d. Cultured e. Unanswerable
20. ABOMINATE
a. Love b. Despair c. Abate d. Implore e. Attach
21. RALLY
a. Weaken b. Dignity c. Transform d. Proclaim e. Sustain
Synonyms:
1. UNCOUTH
a. Ungraceful b. Rough c. Slovenly d. Dirty
2. ERROR
0. Misadventure b. Misgiving c. Ambiguity d. Blunder

49
 JV Clnk‹al Srrvlcrs LI.P (Nnxevñ Group) - Studcnt handout

3. GERMANE
a. Rcsponsible b. Logical c. Possible d. Relevant
4. MASTERLY
a. Crafty b. Skillful c. Meaningful d. Cruel
5. SCINTILLATING
a. Smouldering b. Glittering c. Touching d. Warming
G. TEPID
a. Hot b. Warm c. Cold d. Boiling
7. VORACIOUS
2, Greedy b. Wild c. Angry d. Quick
8. GARRULITY
a. Credulity b. Senility c. Loquaciousness d. Speciousness
9. MOROSE
a. Annoyed b. Gloomy c. Moody d. Displeased
10.AWAKENED
a. Enligl tened b. Realised c. Shook d. Waken
11. INFAMY
a. Dishonor b. Glory c. Glory d. Reputation
12. ASCEND
a. Leap b. Grow c. Deviate d. Mount
13. SYNOPSIS
a. Index b. Mixture c. Summary d.Puzzles
14. MENDACIOUS
a. Confidence b. False c. Encouraging d. Provocative
15. IMPROMPTU
a. Offhand b. Unreal c. Unimportant d. Effective
16. hABBLE
a. Mob b. Noise c. Roar d. Rubbish
17. MAYHEM
a. Jubilation b. Havoc c. Excitemeot d.Defeat
18. CANTANKEROUS
a. Quarrelsome b. Rash c. Disrespectful d. Noisy
19. RANT
a. Praise inordinately b. Formalise c. preach noisily d. Treat with screen
20. TACITURNITY
a. Dumbness b. Reserve c. Hesitation d.Changeableness
b. KEN
a. Ignorance b. Witness c. Trial d. Knowledge
Choosea word from the options given below that is most opposite in
meaning to thegiven word.
1. CERISH
a. Contemplate b. Reconcile c. Perish d. Disdain e. Modify
2. MANIFEST
a. Obstruct b. detest c. alter d. Manipulate e.Conceal
3. STURDY
a. Mutual b.Delicate c.Prompt d.Meticulous e. kind-hearted
4. DEFINITE
a. Radical b. Boring c.Unavoidable
S. PRECEDE d.PFäCtiCal e. Vague
a. Follow b.Deviate c. ra:i d.
6. WITHER IFlitiate e. Summarize
a. Equal b. Pierce •. Flourish
d.Hasten e. ssist
 jV OIobal Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student l1ando‹it

7. INDIGENCE
a. Nativity h. Tolerance c. Gossip d. Wealth c. Altruism
$. FRUGALITY
p Extravagance b. Apathy c. me d. Anxiety c. Timeliness
y. WANE
p. Enlarge b. Endorse c. Soothe d. Enforce e. Regret
10. PLACID
q. Serious b. Tardy c. Copious d. Derelict e. Ruffled
11. REBUKE
a. Assign b. Mature c. Expand d. Commend e. Falsify
12. FUMBLE
a. Perform faithfully b. Accept c. Handle skilfully d. Stroll e. Alter suddenly
13.SUBSERVIENT
a. Complacent b. Partial c. Omnipresent d. Haughty e. Miserly
14. ESTRANGED
a. Reconciled b. smug c. Foreign d. Frightened e. Embarassed
1S. DISPARITY
a. Similarity b. Aspersion c. Allusion d. Equanimity e. Permanence
16. SUMMIT
a. Novel thought b. Departure c. Lowest point d. Introduction e. Extended account
17. VEX
a. Grow smaller b. Soothe c. Make denser d. Discuss e. Predict
16. CONCAVE
a. Central b. Solid c. Convex d. Complex e. Intermittent
19. ALIGHT
a. Stimulate b. Burden c. Injure d. Quench e. Mount
20. RECOVERY
a. Loss b. Repose c. Guarantee d. Confession e. Exploration
21. HAGGARD
a. Robust b. Irascible c. Wise d. Sluggish e. Witty
22. IMMUTBLE
a. Forgetful b. Victorious c. Changeable d. Showy e. UnpreJudiced
23. MOLLIFY
a. Loosen b. Irritate c. Applaud d. Flatter e. Discourage
24. TACIT
a. Explicit b. Quick c. Frigid d. indifferent e. Gloomy
2S. RELINQUISH
a. Afford b. Follow c. Scorn d. Claim e. Qualify
26. IMPECCABLE
a. Impervious b. Faulty c. Devious d. Naive e. Irate
27. INANE
a. Lifeless b. Clever c. Hopeful d. Faithless e. Futile
26. COMMODIOUS
a. Equipped b. Formidable c. Unequal d. Cramped e. Distant
29. ANIMOSITY
a. Unanimity b. Intensity c. Failure d. Alacrity e. Amity
30.DUPLICITY
a. Complexity b. Miserliness c. Calm d. Candor e. Originality
31. ILLICIT
a. Ag0thetic h. Private c. Weary d, Angry e. Lawful
32.DEPftECA"fE
0. Predict

S1
 cv clot›,1lServices UP (N.1xeva Grouts) - Stu¢/cnt handout

7. INDIGLNCE
a. Nativity b. Tolerance c. Gossip d. Wealth e. Altruism
s. FRUGALITY
a. Extravagance b. Apathy c. Ire d. Anxiety c. Timeliness
9. WANE
a. Enlarge b. Endorse c. Soothe d. Enforce e. Regret
10. PLACID
a. SeFiOUS b. Tardy c. Copious d. Derelict e. Ruffled
1 1. REBUKE
a. Assign b. Mature c. Expand d. Commend e. Falsify
12. FUMBLE
a. Perform faithfully b. Accept c. Handle skilfully d. Stroll e. Alter suddenly
13. SUBSERVIENT
a. Complacent b. Partial c. Omnipresent d. Haughty e. Miserly
14. ESTRANGED
a. Reconciled b. smug c. Foreign d. Frightened e. Embarassed
15. DISPARITY
a. Similarity b. Aspersion c. Allusion d. Equanimity e. Permanence
16. SUMMIT
a. Novel thought b. Departure c. Lowest point d. Introduction e. Extended account
17. VEX
a. Grow smaller b. Soothe c. Make denser d. Discuss e. Predict
18. CONCAVE
a. Central b. Solid c. Convex d. Complex e. Intermittent
19. ALIGHT
a. Stimulate b. Burden c. Injure d. Quench e. Mount
20. RECOVERY
a. Loss b. Repose c. Guarantee d. Confession e. Exploration
21. HAGGARD
a. Robust b. Irascible c. Wise d. Sluggish e. Witty
22. IMMUTBLE
a. Forgetful b. Victorious c. Changeable d. Showy e. Unprejudiced
23. MOLLIFY
a. Loosen b. Irritate c. Applaud d. Flatter e. Discourage
24. TACIT
a. Explicit b. Quick c. Frigid d. indifferent e. Gloomy
25. RELINQUISH
a. Afford b. Follow c. Scorn d. Claim e. Qualify
26. IMPECCABLE
a. Impervious b. Faulty c. Devious d. Naive e. lrnte
27. I NAIVE
a. Lifeless b.Clever c. Hopeful d. Faithless e. Futile
28. COMMODIOUS
a. Equipped b.Formidable c. Unequal d. Cramped e. Distant
?3,AfJlfvlOSlTY
a. Unanimity h. Injcrislty c. F‹ iIur1
0, DUPLICITY
a. F.orn(›l‹•xity d. C.\ritl‹›r’ ‹•. Gi i ›lr›.ility
31. ILLICIT
a. Apathetic
3y. DtPlt¿f,/\ tf.
a. Predict
 JV Global Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

33. PROLONG
a. Insure c. Hesitate e. Alter in extent
b. Decrease in speed d. Reduce in duration
34. SUPPRESS
a. Abandon c. Disclose e. Work diligent
b. Forget d. Convince wholly
35. INDULGE
a. Observe secretly c. Exhale e. Outweigh
b. Restrain oneself d. Divert
36. OUTPUT
a. Of prodUCtion c. Return from exile e. Inner harmony
b. Absence oftalent d. Un expected reward
One-word substitution: Givea one-word substitution for the following.
1. To converta code into intelligible or ordinary language
a. Encode b. Jumble c. Decipher d. Distort
2. The trait of spending extravagantly
a. Prudence b. Decency c. Care d. Profligacy
3. The act of stealing small amounts orsmall articles
a. Pilferage b. Charity c. Veracity d. Chastity
4. Avoiding detection by moving carefully/ the bringing to pass anything isa secret
a. Uncovering b. Stealth c. Honesty d. Openness
5. Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion /to speak with another; to confer on
some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally
a. Ignore b. Spurn c. Parley d. Flout
6. A blustering demonstration or great effort;a great display/to makea great display in any way,
especially in oratory.
a. Save b. Splurge c. Economize d. Scrimp
7. State of violent mental agitation
a. Peace b. Calmness c. Tranquillity d. Frenzy
8. Not tractable; not easily governed, managed ordirected
a. Docile b. Tractable c. Manageable d. Intractable
9. Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt; sportive
a. Logical b. Sensible c. Clever d. Ludicrous
10. Very strange or unusual; odd or even incongruous in character or appearance
a. Ordinary b. Usual c. Quaint d. Normal
11.The action of forminga chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom ormolecule so
that it is no longer available for reactions/a writ that authorizes the seizure of property
a. Integration b. Unambiguity c. Sequestration d. Truthfulness
12. Malicious satisfaction/ great merriment
a. Heartbreak b. Anguish c. Glee d. Boredom
13.Humble in spirit or manner; suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness
a. Bossy b. Arrogant c. Fierce d. Meek
14.Defensive armour in general;a full suit of defensive armour
a. Concealment b. Cover e. Hiding d. Panoply
15. The capability of conscious choice and decision and intention/ the power ofwilling or
determining
a. Volition b. Karma c. Force d. Destiny
VERBAL ABILITY IV
Verbal Reasoning and Verbal Analogy
Verbal Reasoning:
In each ofthe following, findOut thealternative which willr ?pla t
Cf:? e qu€Stion mark.
1. Fish: Trout :: Mammal:7
a. Wave b. Whale c. Aviary d. Insect e. Doe
 C. Maladj ›stmcnt 4. Stocks e. Truth

C. IńOSt lli['y’ d. ltrlitation e. Dlvorcc

Con1Q3?SiOO c. Co nposure c. Suspicion

b. lncliffei •nce d.Synpatly
(i. C titTiU lOl3 itii Litls: Clotld:: Botl{j)a; 2
a. Insect Ł›. Showei“ c. Dusk d. Road e. Tree
7. lntrepicł: Valo ii :: Derclict:?
a. lngcnr‹ity h. Grief c. Haste d. Fervor e. Duty
S. Disband: Army :: Dissolve:?
a. Assenlbly b. PIatooi1 c. Corporation d. Navy e. Order
9. Silo: Corn :: Furrow:?
a. Seed b.Water c. Grain d. Rice e. Wheat
10.Descry: Distant :: Discern:?
a. Lost b. Muted c. Flagrant d. Subtle e. Hostile
Each word inthefollowing questions consists ofa pair of words bearinga relationship. From
amongst the alternatives, pick the pair that best illustratesa similar relationship.
1. HELMET: HEAD ::*
a. Insignia: office C.Gauntlet: Hand
b. Amulet: Shoulder d.Scepter: Crown
2. SOLDIER: REGIMENT ::?
a. Colonel: Martinet C. Singer: Chorus
b. Dancer: Balletomane d. Trooper: Rifle
3. LIGHTYEAR: DISTANCE ::?
a. Decibel: Sound C. Meteor: Intensity
b. Black hole: Proximity d. Microphone: Volume
4. TEAM: ATHLETES ::?
a. Games: Series C. Delegates: Alternates
b. Alliance: Nations d. Term: Holidays
S. ANETHEMA: CURSE ::?
a. Admonition: Reproach C. Exhortation: Flattery
b. Supposition: Proof d. Homage: Disrespec
6. GUSTATORY: TASTE ::?
a. Myopic: Vision C. Hortatory: Flearing
b. Palpable: Touch d. Olfactory: Taste
7. RUSE: DECEIVE ::?
a. Policy: Change c.Strategy: Gamble
b. /\rgument: Persuade d. Denial: Confuse
6. DRAB: COLOUft ':?
a. Pun¿r›rit: Smell C. Pert: LiVeliriCSS

h. Dismal: Size rJ. Insipld: Flavoi

9. ftA1 Lr. CC›MI*OSL :: “/
a. Glspers‹›. Collr*r.I r. S(i‹it1er: Splll
b. Brush: Tour:h d, I.r.isli: Collltlt:
.!\’ t*l‹ I›.›I *‹ i x'i‹ ‹’ LIP (N.zxrx‘. trntit) - St\irlt'ilt I›. n‹to\it

i0. VARIANT. COWS\OY ..?

a. Rink: Sk‹atcr
L›. Snare: Tr.upper
1 1. TELLER: gANK ::?
>. Artist: Museum c. W‹ater: Rcstaur.an\
b.Cashier : Check d. Borrowcr: Logan
12. INNING: BASEBALL ::?
a. Puck: Hockey c. Serve: Tennis
h. Round: Boxing d. Outing: Hiking
13. PICK: GUITAR ::?
a. String: Banjo c. Bow : Violin
b. Pipe: Organ d. Head: Tambourine
14. FRAGILE: BREAK ::?
a. Vital: Destroy c. Vivid: Grow
b. Hostile: Invite d. Flexible: Bcnd
15, SPOKE: WHEEL ::?
a. Rung: Ladder c. Book: ?hcl(
b. Door: Latch d. Square: Circle
1G. VESSEL: FLEET ::?
a. Wolf: Pack c. Vehicle : Truck
b. Forest: Clearing d. Carriage:HorSg
17. KERNEL: CORN :'?
a. Neck: Bottle c. Eye : Storm
b. Grain: Wheat d.Stern: Carrot
18.GOURMET: DELICACY ::?
a. Connoisseur: Masterpiece c. Comn cnL°r. Aristocr amy
b. Socialite: seclusion
19. ABHOR: DISLIKE ::?
a. Calcify: Pacify c.fidnflre: Disden
b. Torture: Discomfort d. RrbuLe: Ridicule
20. CARESS: AFFECTION ::?
a. Curtsy: respect c. Wink. Suspicion
b. Salute: Admiration d. W‹3ve: Agitctior
Verbal Classification:
Choose theword which is least like the other word ina group.
1. A. Tape B.Twine c.Cord D. Yarn
2. .A. Cornea B.retina C. Pupil D. Vision
3. A. Dodge B. Flee c. Duck D. Avoid
4. A. street B. Freeway C. Interstate D. Expressway
5. A. Heading 8.8ody C. Letter D. Closing
6. A. Wing B.Fin C. Beak D. Rudder
7. A. Core B. Seeds Pulp D.Slice
8. A. FaiF B. JUSt C. Equitable D. Favorable
9. A. Seat B. Rung C. Cushion D. Leg
10. A. Parsley B. Basil c. oiii D. Mayonnaise
11. A. Rye B. Sourdough C. Loaf D. Pumpernickel
12. A. Jet B. Float plane c. KitE' D. Biplane
13. A. Number B.Denominate c. NumE!rEIte D. Figure
14.A. Mandolin B. Flute c. violin D. Cello
15. A. Eye B. Heart C. Kidney D. Ear
16. A.Jute B. CottoFl C. Silk
17. A. Paddy D. Nylon
B. Wheat C. BajrEl
D. Mustard
54
 lvclo»al Services LLP (Naxeva Group) — Student handout

jg. A. Green B. Red c. Violet D. Yellow

y9. A. Expressway B. Freeway c. Street D.Interstate
20. A. Cat B. Tyre ¢:. Engine D, Steering wheel
21. A. Shark B. Whale c. Octopus D. Eel
22. A. Marine B. Ocean c. Navigation D. Sea
23. A. Shimlo B. Darjeeling c. ooty D. Agra
24.A.Cube B. Cubic C. Cubicle D. Cuboid
zs. A. Biology B. Chemistry c. Zoology D.Theology
26. A. Train B. Instruct C. Coach D. advocate
27. A. Horse B. Zebra C. Lion D. Giraffe E. Tiger
28. A. Copper B. Brass C. Zinc D. Aluminium E. Iron
29.A.ParrOt B. Bat C. Crow D.Sparrow E. Pigeon
30. A.January B. May C. November D.August E. July
Choose the pair in which the words aredifferently related.
1. a. Truth: Lie b. Slow: Sluggish c. Stale: Fresh d. Kind: Cruel
2. a. White: Dirty b. Easy: Difficult c. Brave: Coward d. End Beginning
3. a. Car : Road b. Ship: Sea c. Aeroplane: Pilot d. Rocket: Space
4. a. Beautician: Parlour b. Chemist: Medicine c. Lawyer: Court d. Engineer: Site
5. a. Saw : Wood b. Pen : Paper c. Chalk: Blackboard d. Author: Book
6. a. Water: Thirst b. Talent: Education c. Food: Hunger d. Air: Suffocation
7. a. Apple: Jam b. Lemon: Citrus c. Orange: Squash d. Tomato: Pury
8. a. See : Eye c. Smell: Nose e. Tongue: Taste
b. Hear: Ears d. Touch: Skin
9. a. Bottle: Wine c. Pitcher: Water e. Inkpot: Ink
b. Cup : Tea d. Ball: Bat
10. a. Mason: Wall c. Farmer: Crop e. Cobbler: Shoe
b. Choreographer: Ballet d. Chef: Cook
In each ofthe following questions below letters of some words arepresented ina disarranged way.
You areto find out the word after rearranging the letters and mark thelast letter of the words from
thealternative answers (Marked A, B,C,D or E) given along with each question.
1. CBAIS a.c b.B c.A d.I e.S
2. EZBAR a.R b.B c.A d.E e.Z
3. UDLEOM a.U b.L c.0 d. M e.E
4. HITNEZ a.T b.H c.E d.N e.Z
5. RSUUNE a.E b.U c.R d.N e.S
6. LOBOTC a.c b.L c.T d.0 e.B
7. SLUTIN a.L b.N c.I d.T e.S
8. YUSKH a.Y b.U c.S d.K e.H
9. IOWWLL a.I b.O c. W d.L
10. BRUMEN a.E b.B c.R d. M e.N
Logical sequence ofwords:
In each ofthe following questions, arrange the given words ina meaningful sequence and thus find
the correct answer from thealternatives.
1. 1. Elephant 2. Cat 3. Mosquito 4. Tiger S. Whale
a, 1,3,5,4,2 b. 2,5,1,4,3 c. 3,2,4,1,5 d. 5,3,1,2,4
1. Book 2. Pulp 3. Tlmbcr 1. Jungle 5. P‹aper
a. 2,5,1,4,3 b. 3,2,5,1,4 c. 1,3,2,5,1 d. S,4,3,1,2
3. 1. Yarn 2. Plant 3, Same 1, Cottor› S. Cloth
a. 2,4,1,5,3 b. 2,1,3,S,1 c. 2,1,5,t,3 4. 2,4,5,3,1
4. 1.Presentation 3. Arrlvol 5. Introd ictlon
2. Recommendation 1. DlscUsslon
a. 3,5,1,4,2 b. 3,5,4,2,1 c. 5,3,1,2,4

SS
JV Global ServiccS LLP (Naxcvn Group) - Student handout

5. 1. SitE 2. Plan 3.Rant

4. Money s. Building 6. Construction
a. 1,2,3,6,5,4 b. 2,3,6,5,1,4 c. 3,4,2,6,5,1 d. 4,1,2,6,5,1
Rearrange the jumbled sentences which are IabeIIed A, B, C,D and E ina proper order.
1.
A. In simpler terms, the Indian version of the Razazles.
B. The 3’d Golden Kela Awards will be hosted by Cyrus Broacha this year.
C. In was created in order to ridicule the bad performances and asa revenge forwasting our precious
time and money on such idiotic films.
D. The Golden Kela is held each year where awards aregiven for the year's worst in Bollywood.
E. It was created by Random magazine, India's longest running humor magazine in the year 2009.
a. DAECB b. BACDE c. ACEDB d. CEADB
2.
A. Environment Education unit of Centre for Science& Environment has always been working
towards providing easy to understand reading material.
B. Their new publication on this subject is an attempt to lend teachersa helping hand.
C. It unfolds in two sections: Climate change: how to make sense of it all
D. And natural resources how to share and care.
E. However, they are introduced to students not asa paragraph to memorize but as an activity to
do.
a. ACEBD b. DBCAE c. ABCDE d. BECAD
3.
A. A famous Japanese rock garden is at Ryoan-Ji in Northwest Kyoto, Japan.
B. The rocks of various sizes are arranged on small white pebbles in five groups, each comprising five,
two, three, two,& three rocks.
C. The garden is 30 meters long from East to West& 10 meters from north to south.
D. The garden contains 15 rocks arranged on the surface of white pebbles in sucha manner that
visitors can see only 14 of them atonce from whichever angle the garden is viewed.
E. There are no trees, just 15 irregularly shaped rocks of varying sizes, some arranged by gravel/sand
that is raked every day.
a. ACEBD b. CAEDB c. DEABC d. BADEC
4.
A. Last March,I was invited to presenta paper on the topic of whether the mistakes of the 20th
century would be repeated in the 21st century as well.
B. The economic crisis hadn't become grave then.
C. But today the world is in the midst of the biggest economic crisis since 1929.
D. The key difference between then and now is that the old power structures have finally
disappeared.
E. Now even the US is pleading for financial help from China.
a. BCADE b. ABCDE c. CDEAB d. DEABC
5.
A. The US market will continue to be the dominant one in the foreseeable future. The rupee could
become even stronger.
B. A greater recourse to hedging as well as striving for multi-currency revenue streams automatically
suggests itself.
c. Already one company, TCS, by resorting to these methods extensively has turned in an above -
average performance during the first quarter.
D. Most IT companies have been grappling with more mundaneproblems such asa high level of
attrition amidst rising wage costs and inability to secure the right type and number ofAmerican
visas.
E. The BPO industry and man y medium-sized softwareexporters are reportedly operating on thin
margins.
a. BCADE b. ABCDE c. DCBAE d.EDABC

56
 in ‹ha qU0Stîon each passage consiste of Sixsentences. The first and thesixth sentenc are
es given in
the bcginning. The middle four sentences have been removed And jumbledup. These are
labelled
p, Q h and S. Select the proper order forthe foursentences.
j S1. \’our lcttcr was big relief.
S6. But don't forget to bring chocolate for Nikita.
r: Ho x’ dicl \‹ou exams go?
Q.After your result, you must come here fora week,
R: lou hadn't ïvritten for overa month.
S:I am sure you will come outwith flying colours.
a. PSRQ b. QRPS c. RPSQ d. RSPQ
2. S1: The heart is punp oflife.
S6: AII this was made possible by the invention of heart-lung machine.
P: They have even succeeded in heart transplants.
Q: No vadays surgeons are able to stopa patients heart and carry out complicated operations.
F:A fev \ ears ago it ‹as impossible to operate ona patient whose heart was not working properly.
S: If heart stops we die in about five minutes.
â. SRQP b.SPRQ c. SQPR d. SRPQ
3. S1: lt is regrettable that there is widespread corruption in the country at all levels.
S6: This is indeeda tragedy of great magnitude.
P: So there is hardly anything that the government can do about it now.
Q: And there are graft and other malpractices too.
R: The impression that corruption is universal phenomenon persists and the people not
cooperate in checking this evil.
S: Recently several offenders were brought to book, but they were notgiven deterrent punishment.
d. QRSP b. SQRP c. RSQP d. PQSR
4. S1: Asa dramatist Rabindranath was not what might be calleda success.
S6: Therefore, drama forms the essential part of the traditional Indian Culture.
P: His dramas were moulded on the lines of the traditional Indian village dramas than the dramas
ofmodern world.
Q: His plays were morea catalogue of ideas thana vehicle of the expression of action.
R: Actually the drama hasalways been the life of lndian people, as it deals with legends of gods and
goddesses.
S: Although in his short stories and novels he was able to create living and well defined characters,
rte did not seem tobe able to do so in dramas.
a. SRQP b. QPSR c. QSPR d. RSQP
S. S1: There is difference between Gandhiji's concept of secularism and that of Nehru's.
S6: instead of doing any good, such secularism can do 'harm instead of good.
P: Nehru's idea of secularism was equal indifference to all religions and bothering about none of
them.
0' Recording to Gandhiji, all religions are equally true and each scripture is worthy of respect.
R: Such secularism which means therejection of all religions is contrary to our culture and tradition.
S: In Gandhiji's vies, secularism stands for equal respect for all religions.
a. SQPR b. PSQR c. QSPR d. PRSQ
C. S1:I look cigarettes from my case.
Ê6î Then he continues to draw on it.
P: But when thefit of coughing was over, he replaced it between his lips.
*> lit one of them and placed it between the lips.
Thr.ri witha feeble hand he removed thecigarette.
’•!'v«Iy h: toola pull at it and coughed violently.
P OU b. QPSR c. QSRP d. SRPQ
*I °•‹ 'zr›raI •.uh-citir-, havi• ber'n planned ar0und caPit I.

fJyx.•r/*‹ I*.t hr* fir,t îirnrJri/'t fi‹*rr1.

'*” Tt'r“/ .*rr• r“x{›r-c\ r.‹J \u ‹ilIi•›7i.›t‹'t hr‘ |›r ‹.›lJl*’rM ‹›f l!!+!/',l!!f',.

t Vil lf c ü l f‘f t ij FJVi’r o fil-fiiÎ 11l rati i l • tili l‹ ’ W I i l’lt t f if 1111t ‘lt ‘t).

57
 c.PQRS d. QRSP
b.PRSQ siness.
a. QPhS en difficultbu
her has alWaysb e the way smoke rose from fire.
8. s1: forcc«›!!^L th* "’*! a hing flig htsf thebifds or
b, tC
ss «• made hisforecasts
W
cattle died from thirst afld were
andrivers dried up, the

nd Wf2h&Vf?tClStLldy
fUined thf2m carefully IO Make a U§ t
ffe ct th I?\§/Flasher a
Many different thi n gsa
ever changes.
forecast.
S hdd 08n eed ofw eatherin the NileValley hardly
R:Ancient Egyptian
Were noinstrume
nts, such asthermometer orthebarometer, e «
s: In earl y times, when t here
looked fortell-tale signs in the sk'/. c. QRPS d. SPQR
b. QPRS
a. PRQS
heheard theswish of her wings.
9. S1: As he passedbeneath her
wingsspread OUtWäFdS.
S6: The next moment he felt his
P: He was BOt falling head longn
OW

Q:Themonstrous terror seized hiro.

R: But it only lasteda minute.
S: He could hear nothing d. PRQS
b. QSPR c. QSRP
a. PSQR
of ndian birds.
10.SI:Sun birds are among thesmallest I
bird, the glossy black species and purple rumped
ss:our common sunbirds are the purple sun
sun bird, the yellow and maroon species.
they are functionally SiMild£ tO thehumming
birds of the New World, they aretotally
P: Though
unrelated.
Q: They do eatinsects too.
R: They are also some ofthemost brilliantly coloured birds.
S: Sun birds feed on nectar mostly and helped in pollination.
a. SQPR b. RPSQ C.QPRS d. PSRO

VERBAL ABILITYV

Letter and Email Writing Exercises

• Writea letter toa friend who has gota scholarship to study abroad but is not willingIOgO•
• Writea letter to the branch manager ofXYZ Bank applying for an Education Loan.
• As your company is doing good business and expanding, your company isrelocdtingits office t0
a new address. Using the following phrases, write an email witha minimum of70 wordsanda
maximum of100words toyour customer informing the change in address.
Outline:
near outer ring rood - shifting to - biggeroffice space - November 10 - change in telephone number
- new address is provided below - fourth floor - Cessna Business Park.
• You area part of thecorporate communication team in your company. The working timep eriod
is revised as 8:30 ann to 5:00pm. Using the following phrases, write an email WÏthä m of
70 words anda maximum of100 Words tothe employees in your company informing thes ame,
Outline:
by 30 minutes to avoid tFaf/ic - effect from next week - lunch duration- revised >QrLi”ng

in effect.
t/
reduced by 15 minutes-freebreakfast-o ice Wi// start earlier - till the end of
rainyseason -
• Using the following phrases, write an emailwith
a minimum of 70 words tothe cuStO e*I
explaining the d0lay to the project.
Outline:
Payment processing system -S‹h«dule -›
Oth May (Frlday) - Unexpectedpower oUt
- Overall delay -7 duys - lncludes
recovery Ofq f We rk - CLIIItotr€'cur.
 obalSCqqCeSLLP(N9x0Va‹Group)’ tUdCnptondout

SOFT SXlLLs
GR DISCUSSION
it ‹net hodology ›sed by an organizatioFÏteg ug* Whether thec
n andidnt• halCe tainpersonalit
t„,jt, q„cl/or skills that it clesires in its members. rcrsonali ty Traits the GD
is tryinp,totgg g q U
¡ rl j§g t|O ûÜility to work in0 [t?j3m, oiyimunicati SkillS, rcasoning
t , t¡ , assertiveness, flexibility, crCativity, listening and awareness.
in:t:ation 7echniques
t«hrn you initiatea GD, you not only grab the opportunity toSpE'ak,you alSO grab theattention of r.he
«iii c°r and your fellow candidates. If you can makea favorable firstimpression with yOUr cont.en†.
,And con munication skills after you initiatea GD, it will help you sail through thediscussion, But if you
¡p;tiatea GD and stammer/ stutter/ quote wrong facts and figures, the damage might be irreparabl
e.
different Ways to create an impact when initiatinga GD are usinga quote, statinga definition, asking
a question, makinga shocking statement, quoting facts, figures and statistics, narratinga short story
yr makinga general statement.
How doI take my chance to speak?
Trying to interrupt others while speaking would only harm your chances. Maintain eye-contact with
thespeaker. This would show your listening skills. lt would help you gauge from his/her eye-
movement and pitch of voice that he/she is about to close his/her inputs. You can quickly take it from
there. Try and link your inputs with what he/she has spoken whether you areadding to or opposing
his/her views.
Concludinga GD
Most GD doesn't really have conclusions.A conclusion is where thewhole group decides in favour or
against the topic. But every GD is summarized. You can summaries what thegroup has discussed in
the GD ina nutshell. While summarizinga GD:
• Incorporate all the important points that came outduring the GD. '
• Avoid raising new points.
• Avoid stating only your viewpoint.
• Avoid dwelling only on one aspect of the GD.
» Keep it brief and concise.
• Do not add anything once the GD has been summarized.
Do's duringa GD
• Speak pleasantly and politely to the group.
• Respect the contribution of every speaker.
• Remember thata discussion is not an argument. Learn to disagree politely.
• Think about your contribution before you speak. How best can you answer thequestion/
contribute to the topic?
• Try to stick to the discussion topic. Don't introduce irrelevant information.
• Be aware ofyour body language when youarespeaking.
• Agree with and acknowledge what you find interesting.
Don'ts duringa GD
• Lose your temper.A discussion is not an argument.
• Shout. Usea moderate tone and medium pitch.
• Use too many gestures when youspeak. Gestures like finger pointing and table thumping can
appear aggressive.
• Dominate the discussion. Confident speakers should allow quietera chance to contribute.
* Draw toomuch on personal experience or anecdote.
” Interrupt. Wait fora speaker to finish what they are saying before you speak.
RESUME WRITING
° Iic•sume: Resume meansa short introduction ofa person's name, addruss, qualification, ¢ore<°r
details etc. Rcsumes aregenerally not more than one or at the mcx 2 pages.
" CUfriculum Vitar• (CV)' CV means thedétails of the person, conslsts of sinillar t›cInts .as that ofa
FR-StJme but irj gç•t;j||, )|kg t|jp [jg*rj;fjfj cùn ,jll fJlS COrrl|3arjl‹*S ùFlC| Ï1IS £lSi\tJCiïItüd jOb fOlt^- lf\ ï2ftCb Of
hip dt•ignatIons.1-lie CV c»n go for as Inng as 3-4 Pnfitis.

S9
JV Glcbal Services LLP {Naxeva Group) - Student handout

• Bio-data: It is absolutelya personal word, where bio-data stands

for data of self whiCb may be
personal or professional use. At times limited toa single page
Guidelines for writinga resume
• The first and foremost step is to include al( those things which pushes your resumetowards onE'
goal and that is to get an interview. The first two lines should include your contact inform lt¡g}q
including email address, so that the potential employer can deliver you the interviewdetails.
• Ideally the )ength of the resume should be 1-2 pages. Relevant information should be addedthat
is suitable for the applied post. Highlight yoUr importance forthe role and how it willbenefit the
organization.
• Your resume should be tailored to one specific job target. You can boOst up your resume by
adding your academic performance, academic accomplishments, project workdesigned and
certifications of some additional qualifications.
• Mention your personal details like full name, date of birth, your academic records stream of
study, post-graduation, graduation, 12th and 10th standard details. Ensure you mention theyear
of passing in each case. Put all these in reverse chronological order, i.e., most recent item first.
• Use A4 size plain white paper of good quality. Use bullets for academic achievements and
accomplishments. It will make thehiring manager's work easier. Choose font size 11 or 12 for
body text of your resume. Arial and Times aregood font choices.
• Give details of completed project work and/or internship. Write the project name, team size,
company name, duration of project,a short description of project and what technologies were
used in the project. Specifically mention your role in the project.
• Highlighta few personality traits.
• Pay special attention to punctuation, capitalization, proper spacing and layout. Always performa
spell check/grammar check. There is nothing wrong in getting your resume reviewed by someone
else.
• Last but not the least "Sell your Fish" — As long as you don't overdo it, all the marketing efforts
that you put in your resume, its content, design, delivery method etc. will give you an advantage
over other candidates. Use appropriate action verbs to show your academic achievements.
Some points that you MUST keep inmind when writing your resume:
• Do notmake anyclaims that are not absolutely true. You will be exposed atthe interview stage
and the results will not be pretty.
• Your resume is like an advertisement about yourself. Just as good advertising is directedtoWard
a very specific target audience, your resume has to be directed towardsa specific job role.YOU
cannot havea common resume forall job applications.
• Plan before writing your resume. Be clear on your purpose.
• Ensure there is uniformity and consistency in the use of italics capital letters, bullets, boldf ce,
and underlining. ’
RESUME COVER LETTER
A cover letter serves an important purpose: itp
resents the case for why you should be hiredand
distinguishes you from othercandidates. Your cover letter is where
you can show yourpassion
for the position and the companY aFId highlight
yOUr most relevant qualifications.
Many employers require cover letters as par
t of the job application process. However, evenwhen
an employer does not explicitl'/ ask for a coverl
etter, you Should send one.A strong cover lett8t
can make your application Stand OUT fFOM the
crowd.
The only time you should d O d S
* i +’l*i^ga ovl?r lett/’IS Wl1ena jCIb listing explicitly S4YS
C
•end one,
Highlight Your Relevant QuaiIf)CgtIons
In your ccver letter, adJ«.•,
should sc•lect thr•q
th0 joh de•cri |3tlOfl 8nd try ie Position for whlcf› you are app!Y!>g’
Provid•a 0«ci!ic example oj ^*! to cdd the most value to !h^
of these qu0llficatlons.
t,/ynl›,«sirviccs LLP {N.qxcva Group) - Studenthacdout

Cq/tOmizc Each Letter

wi›iie itn›ight seen› tedious, you should always cus!'3****f3 i2**Ch !!*tteFIO fit the speci
FiC jobfOr
\yț›ich you are applying. Aker all, an effective coverletfeF FFIUSt i))UStrate Ow yCIUr exp
f?Fiencf?
matchcst‹p to thereyuirements outlined in the job listing.Failing to do so can quickly get your
.ayplication climinated from the pool.
Explain Details on Your Resume
You canuseyot›r cover letter to go icto detail about something inyourresume that needs
explaining. For example,a co«/er letter isa great place to talk abouta areecr sh ElCarf?f'r
break or to exjolain an extended gap in employment.
EditYour Cover Letter
Be sure to thoroughly proofread each co«/er letter before sending it, looking for grammsr and
spelling errors. Consider askinga friend or family member, or evena caou reer selor to read
over your cover letter. It can be helpful to printa copy ofyour cover letter and edit it witha pen
in l›and.
INTERVIEW SKILLS
The interview stage is typically the last seler:tion hurdle. Going for an interview can seema
daunting task, but it doesn't need tobe unduly stressful or scary. The better prepared you are for
an interview, the better you will feel and perform, and the better your chance of being hired.
The interview offers both you and the employer the opportunity to meet one another, exchange
information and come to tentative conclusions about working together. Depending on the
organization, you may have to face one or more interviews. The interview isa two-way process.
You evaluate the employer while he/she evaluates us,whether weconsciously realize it or not.
Good communication is the key to a good interview; you need to know what you want and why
you arethere, and be able to convey that to the employer. You are trying to convince the
employer that you would bea positive and beneficial addition to their company orbusiness.
Aker theinterview, you will either be accepted or rejected. But irrespectiz/e of the result, you
must project yourself ina positive, enthusiastic manner.
Preparing for the interview
Know yourself. Know what your personal and career goals
are, and how they fit with the company's goals. It isa good
idea to do some research on thecompany beforehand, toget
an idea of what it does, what it believes inand even who the
company works with or competes against.
You should also study the job descriptioncarefully, and be
able to talk about the skills you have that are listed in that
description, as well as other skills that may apply to the
position. Be able to discuss where orhow yoUacquired these
skills, and how you might best put them to use forthe
company.

Practice answering questions. While this may seem silly, it will go a long way to preparing you for
an interview. Nerves andadrenaline make people inclined to rush or babble,two thicgs that
Should be avoided during an interview. Practicing beforehand will help to combat this.
MOSt interviews will consist of fairly similar questionS. Om! will.0/ COUI°*e.b’?SPeC'* !O the job
andcompany, butyou will likely always be asked about past jobs, past projects, hobbies and
!ntCfCStS,your abiI›ty to work as part ofa team and/or to bea leader. Keep your answers brief
ăGd tothepoint, without leavingout anyimportant information.Âlways focus on the positive.
^* ^«lI• Re;;ardless ofa winning pers**•*!‹Y !^^ 'nB'n*^!!!8*n^“' much ofafirstimgression
is based On yhysical agyearance. F-ollow the old adage to "dres5 forsuccess" and demor›stratc by
YOUf ăttire and how you carry yoursclf that yoU are prof«ssional,org‹anizcd and confidcrit.
*bring theinterview
Th* !› »t few minutes arc crucial; studl«s haV0 5) ****^ t!*^* !n!^**!*’**’ "" "’*"ovcrall
"**P ession of applicant» wI;hIn !he first fou‹ m1«*JtC5 >’! I!** !>****!<**-* ^’* “’^ In n›lnd
!**! ))owing baslc things:
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JV Global Services LLP (Nax¢'V8 GrO<fl)- Stt›d * nrloUt

2. Stand tall and sltere{;t Without S!o‹›C*'*g .

3. Be polite; use the formaladdI'E'»s of ur.,uS..U nless
Invited to do otherwi?e.
4. Address the interviewer bY t›tI* •^* nam*
5. Shatte hands tlrmly
6. Wali until you are asked to be seated
2. Maintain good eyecontact
ns
8. Take time to think aboul yout answers interview questio
9. Do net be afraid to ask for clarification ifthere are questi ons
you don't understand
t9. Be positive
Stress your qualifications for the job and yourreadiness to
undertake its duties
All of these things indicate that you want tobe there and thaty ou are calm, confident and
professional.
Here are some things you should avoid doing during the interview:
1. Smoke orchewanything, even if invited to do So
2. Apologize foryour lack of experience
3. Ask about salary or days off
4. Handle anything on the interviewer's desk
5. Criticize former teachers or employers
6. Provide information which is not factual
Y. Discuss personal problems, financial problems, other
jobs you did not get
Ask when youmay call to learn about the hiring decision
9. Beg for the job or hang around after the interview
Employers always want someone who wants towork forthem. Demonstrate this by:
Preparing questions. No matter how thorough the employer is in the interview, you must ask
questions. This demonstrates interest and thinking ability.
Asking,"What is the next step?" Tell the employer you were intrigued prior to the interview and
are now even more.
Emphasizing areas of your background. Think of specific examples that demonstrate this.
Most commonly asked questions
Here are 10 most commonly asked questions at job interviews, which will help you prepare
yourself better and also give you a competitive edge over others.A well thought out answer to
each ofthese questions, prepared and rehearsed in advance with the logical sequencing of the
events will help you sail through.
Tell us about yourself
This is an open canvas foryou, giving you an opportunity
to direct and lead your interview in the directiony€fu want.
A good idea would be to structure your answer inthI2
following three broad heads:
a. Family Background
@. /ducaLional BaCkgfOund(starting from
sch‹›oI1ng topfofessional quali/jcdtions)

In all che above subheadsspeak on l¥ that information w

.Avoid verDose doscripti ^ ! yourself.
bith wlll give strength to yourcandldattl •

’fa answer this question, yy must ttyy fesearciied lii,

with b›ecooipony orts|kabo
In the where yuur 04.
v ‹i‹e ef
t‘i""°’i";' '°ke^°' •'°'t tons toattein'ihat str *°*'
 qi|¿ W/,ti|rl ynU like tG he rloin{t five years frog tjOWy
3.
qmmystioi is askcrl tn assess candirlate's catchyp tq
png ,tp/t›iti‹n Koi yrowth mcd to see if the «omp,t y ¡(
t, , t›Ic tn t›rovirlc that opportunity over period of time.
Ai‹•, in assess if your personal goals are not totallyCiff
t.angc’l1t oilI› what thecompany’s objectives are. It is also
t cl rrk \•our stability with the organization. It is good
idrt uc very realistic in your answer. If need be take
g‹›irlnncC from your seniors who are already in the corporate environment.
no yo‹ prefer working with others or alone?
This question is usually asked to determine whether you area team player. Before answering,
hc«•ever, he sure you know whether the job requires you to work alone. Then answer
appropriately.
s. \vhat are your biggest accomplishments*
\’ou may like to begin your reply with: "AlthoughI feel my biggest achievements arestill ahead of
me,I am proud of my sense of invo(vement.I would like to make my contribution as part of that
team and learna lot in the process".
It ill be a good idea to close your answer with also specify“ing what attributes and circumstances
made you succeed.
6. What areyour favourite subjects?
It isa leading question giving direction to the panel members forpossible areas where they can
probe in further for your knowledge base and in-depth understanding. It is advisable to select the
topics that you are competent in.
7. \\*hy should we hire you?
Keep your answer short and to the point. You should highlight areas from your background that
relates to the need ofthe organization. Recap the organization's description of the job, meeting
it point by point with your skills.
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•, 8. What areyour hobbies?
‘’ This question is generally asked to assess whether you are
• "desktop" kind ofa person or an "interaction orientated
person". It also indicates your preference for team-oriented
“ — activities or projects with solo contributions. It enables the
organization to place you accordingly after selection. Be
candid in answering the questions.

9. V7hat iS the worst feedback you have ever got?

VG arj-wer thisquestion, you must admit and share your areas of improvement. Also sharing an action
¿!aFj t/g tmpro• ing oneself will indicate your ability to take criticism well. Your answer should ref(ect
YUUfOpen-mindedne .
10.’///j¿/t is the most difficult situation you have faced*
N‹-r yrs •-r.Uuld be ready with your real-life story. The question looks lor information on twofronts:
itFp//frs‘yf>u drzfinrz difficult? How was your handling of the situation? You should be able toclear(y ICF’
""" ! ‹o6d rn•f› ‹olving the problem, your ability to perform task
"'" ""’“*•+t/^v/i wiih your tram rrif•rnhers and otI›tr peers. It is advis•1UIr