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TOPIC 2 DC NETWORK
THEOREMS

Page 119

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
1. Recognise the duality of the
voltage source and the current
source and state their
characteristics.

2. Convert a given voltage source

to a current source and vice
versa for practical sources.

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2.1 CURRENT SOURCES

Current source is often referred to

as the dual of the voltage source.

Semiconductor device such as

transistor is a current-controlled
device.

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PG 121
Ideal DC voltage source:

Terminal voltage is fixed, output current is varying.

(e.g. battery, DC power supply)

(a) (b)
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PG 121
Ideal current source:
Output current is fixed, terminal voltage is varying.

I1 I2

VRL1 10  VRL2 5
I 10 A I 10 A

(a) (b)
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Not inside your notes.

V1= V1=

I 2 I 2
3 3
10 V 4A

(a) (b)

IS I1 I2 IS I1 I2

2 6 2 6
4 V 4A

(a) (b)

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I 4 I 4

I2 I1 I2
I1
2 6
22 V 2 6 1.6 A

(a) (b)

FIND THE CURRENT IN 10  RESISTOR.

I

10

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FIND THE CURRENT IN 10  RESISTOR.

I

I = 10 A

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FIND THE VOLTAGE ACROSS THE TERMINALS.

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PG 122 EXAMPLE 1
Find the voltages V1,V2 and VS

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The voltage V1 = 5 x 4 = 20 V

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The voltage V2 = 5 x 6 = 30 V

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The voltage VS = 20 + 30 = 50 V

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20

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PG 123 EXAMPLE 2
 Determine I1 and VS

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Current divider rule.

I
I1 I2

E RT
V R1 R2

R1 R 2
I
I  RT R1  R 2
I1   I1 
R1 R1
R2
I1  I
R1  R 2
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To find I1, you can use current divider rule.

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To find V1, use V = I R.

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To find VS,

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Oct 2010 Exam

Determine the voltages V1 and VS.

VS 0.2 A
50  V1

3V
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V1 = 50 x 0.2 = 10 V
VS = 10 – 3 = 7 V

VS 0.2 A
50  V1

3V
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PG 124 EXAMPLE 3

(i) Find I1

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(i) Find I1

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(i) Find IS

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(i) Find IS

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(i) Find IS

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(i) Find IS

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(ii) Find VS

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(ii) Find VS

VS = 16 V

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(ii) Find V3

V3 = 2 x 4 = 8 V

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PAGE 125
2.1.2 SOURCE CONVERSIONS

 In reality, all voltage sources have internal

resistance.

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 Current source also has internal resistance.

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IDEAL SOURCE HAS NO INTERNAL

RESISTANCE.

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In sources with internal resistance, voltage

source can be changed to current source.

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In sources with internal resistance, current

source can be changed to voltage source.

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EXAMPLE 4(PAGE 128)

(i) Determine 𝐼𝐿 in the circuit shown.

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(i) Determine 𝐼𝐿 in the circuit shown.

Using current divider rule, IL = 20 x (6 / 20) = 6 A

46

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(ii) Convert the current source to a voltage source.

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Using Ohm’s Law : I = 120 / 20 = 6 A

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EXAMPLE 5
(i) Determine 𝐼L in the circuit shown.

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Using Ohm’s Law : IL = 120 / 9 k = 13.33 mA

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(ii) Convert the voltage source to a current

source.

3 k
6 k
120 V

40 mA 3 k 6 k

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(ii) Convert the voltage source to a current

source.

3 k
6 k
120 V

40 mA 3 k 6 k

Current I = 40 m ( 3 / 9 ) = 13.33 mA 52

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EXAMPLE 6 CONVERT THE CURRENT SOURCE

TO A VOLTAGE SOURCE AND FIND I2.

15 V

a I2
E
I = 10 A R1 3 R2 2
b

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10 A 3

E = I R = (10) 3 = 30 V

a
3
30 V
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b

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15 V
a

3 I2 = 45 / 5 = 9 A
2
30 V
b

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