GIS581_Lectrure_1_10A-2023

GIS Certificate: Second course
GIS 581:
GeoSpatial Analysis & Modeling
Professor, Dr. Sergei Andronikov

Professor
Dr. SERGEI ANDRONIKOV
o Phone: 571-234-7259
o E-mail:
sandronikov@gmail.com
GIS Resources
➢ International Journal of Geographical Information

Systems;
➢ Geospatial Solutions;
➢ GEOWorld
➢ ESRI Press: ArcUser & ArcNews

E-Textbook
❖ Kang-Tsung Chang “Introduction to Geographic Information
Systems", 9th edition
===================================================
❖ Michael D. Kennedy “Introducing Geographic Information
Systems with ArcGIS. A Workbook Approach to Learning
GIS”; John Wiles & Sons, 2014
❖ Michael Law, Amy Collins “Getting to Know ArcGIS”, 2018;
“Getting to Know ArcGIS PRO”, ESRI, 2018
❖ Andy Mitchell “The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis”, ESRI, 2014
Additional Textbook:
• D. Grimshaw: “Bringing Geographical Information Systems
into Business”. 2-d Edition, Oxford Press, 2000
Course Format
WEEKS: 1, 3, 5, 7
Saturdays, VIRTUALLY
9:00AM – 1:00PM
o Class participation, DQs

o 4 Lab Exercises,
o Midterm Test
o FINAL GIS Project
o Presentation
Final Project
• GOAL: to design and develop SBI/GIS Project.
• Oral Presentation. Worth – 300 points
• Correct use of SBI/GIS techniques and database
design (0 – 50)
• Quality of Geospatial analysis; describing what you did
in the project (0 - 60)
• Creativity in the Business problem solving (0 - 50)
• Quality of final products: maps, charts, figures, tables,
metadata (0 - 40)
• Final Presentation (0 - 100)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTcIquSnS-o&index=2&list=PL1U1yOIVhnz8-m-j0yOYEBImsDjR4EPqh
GIS Resources
➢ ArcGIS Desktop
➢ ArcGIS ONLINE
➢ ArcGIS PRO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73pVLneTYJQ
Things to Keep in Mind…
• Use this course as an opportunity to
incorporate your work into future
conference presentation, scientific
article, job application, portfolio piece
• Use me as a resource for data needs,
procedures, analysis steps you may
need to do, presentations, publications
• Work independently and stay up to
date with exercises and assignments
• Explore the literature to find new ways 9
GIS is being used in your study field
More to consider……
• If you are sincerely interested in this field of GIS and
learning some analysis skills, you will do well in this
course
• Keep up with exercises and work at an even pace
throughout semester
• We will do enough advanced things in this class for
you to confidently apply for a job that requires “GIS
working experience”
• Start a term project early !!!

• Ask questions.
GIS WORLD
GIS 581:
GeoSpatial Analysis & Modeling
LECTURE 1:
GeoSpatial Analysis & Modeling:
The Beginning
Professor, Dr. Sergei Andronikov

Lecture Outline: Spatial Awareness
• How it is all started?

• Where to begin?
• Graphic & Numerical Environment
• Special about Spatial
• Spatial Elements
• Spatial Measurement Levels
• Spatial Location
• Spatial Patterns
• Spatial Dependency
How it is all started….
• A simple plan to manage natural resources will

require enormous amounts of data gathering,
compilation, evaluation, analysis and modeling.
• Thus, you have to develop

A computerized system for the management and
analysis of Spatial information: a GIS
• Canadian Department of Forestry and Rural

development in the 1960s
Capitalize on past experience!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AlH5TvFoLw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
ZFmAAHBfOU
Geospatial Applications
“The application of GIS is limited only by

the imagination of those who use it”
Jack Dangermond,
ESRI President
GIS or not GIS…..
What in the world is a "GIS"?
— Question from the Internet's list of FAQ.
GISs are simultaneously the telescope, the microscope,
the computer, and the Xerox machine of regional
analysis and synthesis of spatial data. (Ron Abler)
• GIS Analysis is built upon knowledge from Geography,
Cartography, Computer science, IS and mathematics.
• Geographic Information Science is a new interdisci-
plinary field built out of the use and theory of GIS
Where to Begin….
• GIS software is not like the Google Maps
• GIS assumes you are familiar with the vocabulary of
maps
• THINK ABOUT:
• representing spherical surface onto a flat piece of
paper;
• generalization and map scale;
• that a map is a MODEL of reality. Limitations;
• identification problems;
• classification problems.
Nature of Spatial Data
• In GIS we travel the environments that are GRAPHIC
and NUMERICAL representation of the real world.
• The nature of the data often dictates not only HOW we
will represent the earth inside a GIS database, but
HOW EFFECTIVELY we will analyze and interpret the
results of the analysis
• The points, lines, and areas are all different.
• We must consider : temporal scale; physical size of
objects stored in GIS DB; the measurement level.
• You have to think SPATIALLY.
Coordinates
• The Cartesian coordinate system
Y-Axis {3,2}
A Node
X-Axis
Coordinates
• The Cartographic System
90N for the Earth
Meridian
– Lines of Latitude (running east-west;(Line
app. 69 miles)
of Longitude)
– Lines of Longitude (running north-south)
0
Equator
Parellel
(Line of Latitude)
Prime Meridian
90S
Type of Projections
• Projections
GIS Projects
• Step 1: Define Your Objectives
• Step 2: Acquire the Required Data
• Step 3: Preprocess Data
• Step 4: Data Management
• Step 5: GIS Analysis
• Step 6: Generate Output
1. Define Objectives
• Identify who your user is
• Identify their needs
• Defines goals and objectives based on
user needs
2. Spatial & Non-spatial Data
• Acquire Attribute Data
– In House
– From Vendors
• Acquire Spatial/Map Data

– In House
• Digitize Maps
• Create Maps using GPS
– From Vendors
– Census data (e.g., Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding
and Referencing or TIGER Files)
GIS Data: Attributes + Spatial Data
• Attribute Data
– Stored in dBase Tables (e.g., *.DBF )
++++
• Spatial (Map) Data
– Stored in Layer or Shape files (.SHP or .LYR)
• Areas
• Lines
• Points
• Raster/Image
Types of GIS Data
Maps as Numbers
• GIS requires that both data and maps be represented
as numbers.
• Converting MAPS into NUMBERS requires that we
choose a STANDARD way to encode locations on the
earth.
• A coordinate system is a STANDARTIZED method for
assigning codes to locations so that locations can be
found using the codes alone.
• Standardized coordinate systems use absolute locations.
• In a coordinate system, the x-direction value is the
easting and the y-direction value is the northing. Most
systems make both values positive.
Coordinate Systems
• FIVE Coordinate systems in the US
• Based on projections and historical land subdivision
methods.
• 1. Geographic Coordinates
• 2. UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator
• The basic unit is the meter. Adopted for much R.S.
work, topographic map, natural resource database
development.
• The Military Grid System.
• UPS - Universal Polar Stereographic Grid
• For Polar regions.
Geographic Coordinates as Data
UTM Coordinate Systems
UTM zones in the US
33
Military Grid System
34
Coordinate Systems
• 3. SPCS - State Plane Coordinate System.
• Unique set of coordinates for each state. Uses Mercator or
Lambert’s conformal conic projection tied to a national geodetic
framework.
• Originally - to provide a permanent record of land survey
monument locations. Measured in feet. (State name, Zone
name, easting and northing values).
• At 4 times accurate than UTM. Lack of coordination between
state borders.
• 4. PLSS - Public Land Survey System.

• As a tool for recording ownership of land. 178535
Scale
• Scale is the ratio of the distances of objects
represented on the map to the actual distances of
these objects on the earth’s surface
• 1:1.000.000
Small scale
• Smaller scale maps represent the map
objects with a larger ratio (1:1,250,000)
Large Scale
• Large scale maps represent the map objects
with a smaller ratio (e.g., 1:10,000)
LMI GIS Training
Economic Data for North Carolina
Summer, 1995
Miles
0 .05 .1 .15 .2

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GIS Certificate: Second course

Professor, Dr. Sergei Andronikov

Dr. SERGEI ANDRONIKOV

➢ International Journal of Geographical Information

➢ ESRI Press: ArcUser & ArcNews

o Class participation, DQs

• Start a term project early !!!

Professor, Dr. Sergei Andronikov

• How it is all started?

• A simple plan to manage natural resources will

• Thus, you have to develop

• Canadian Department of Forestry and Rural

“The application of GIS is limited only by

• Acquire Spatial/Map Data

• 4. PLSS - Public Land Survey System.

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