Unit 3B: Day 1 – Exponential Functions

Do Now

2.

Simplify, Round to 3 decimals when necessary

1
Lesson: Exponential Functions
Exponential Growth looks like: Exponential Decay looks like:

1 𝑥
𝑦=( )
2

The base >1 0 < base < 1

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time it takes for half of the substance to change from
its original radioactive state to a non-radioactive state by emitting energy in the form of radiation.

If half life time is k units (days, hours, years) then the formula is
𝑡⁄
1 𝑘
𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴 (2) , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Half life:

𝑡⁄
1 𝑘
Step1: Setup the equation 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴 ( ) , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
2

Before you solve, mentally estimate the amount of time!

2
Method 1: Solve Graphically Method 2: Solve Analytically

Exponential Function to model annual percent increase/decrease:

𝐴(𝑡) = (1 ± 𝑟)𝑡
E.g. Population Growth
The population of Chatsworth is 50,000 and growing at a rate of 5% per year. When will it reach 250,000?
𝑃(𝑡) = 50,000(1 + 0.05)𝑡

Compound Interest

• Compound n-times: B(t) = P(1 + r/n)nt

Where B(t) is bank balance at time t, t = # years, r = rate, n = # of compounding periods/yr,

and P = principal (original amount)

E.g. You invest $10,000 with a bank that pays 3.2% interest compounded monthly. How much money will you
have in 5 years?

0.032 60
𝐵(𝑡) = 10,000 (1 + )
12

HW U3b-1, Worksheet (notes pgs 4-6)

3
Name:_____________________ FOC Homework U3B-1
You may show your work on this worksheet directly. Some answers provided so you can check your work.
For questions 1-4, graph the given function (you may use your calculator). Sketch the graph in the space
provided. Then, state the domain and range. All the transformations we learned apply here too.

1. 2.

1 𝑥
3. 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 (3) + 1

In exercises 5-8, rewrite the exponential expression to have the indicated base.

9. Round to the nearest thousandth.

a) b)
4
Use an exponential model to solve the problem:

22.

5
6
Day 2: Inverses and Logarithms
Do Now: 1) Volunteer to show your homework solution at the board.
2) Read the below to refresh your memory on some key vocabulary words.

NOTES:
One-to-one function:

7
FINDING AN INVERSE

Exercises:
Sketch f(x) and use the horizontal line test to determine whether f has an inverse function. If
so, follow the steps outlined above and find the inverse.

Logarithms are the inverses of Exponentials!

Convert log 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 into exponential form. Convert 43 = 64 into log form.

Sketch 𝑦1 = 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 = log 2 𝑥 on the same coordinate plane. Remember, the graph of a function and its
inverse are mirror images about the line y = x.

List the domain and ranges.

D y1: D y2:

R y1: R y2:

8
y = log e x = ln x is called the natural logarithm function.

y = log x = log x is often called the common logarithm function.

10

Since exponentials and logs are inverses, they “undo” each other. Thus, it follows that

log 10𝑥 = ______ and 10log 𝑥 = _________

ln 𝑒 𝑥 = _______ and 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = _________

MUST KNOW!

For any real numbers x  0 and y  0,

Product Rule : log a xy = log a x + log a y

x
Quotient Rule : log a = log a x - log a y
y

y
Power Rule : log a x = y log a x

Homework U3B-2: Worksheet U3B-2

9
Name:_____________________ FOC Homework U3B-2
You may show your work on this worksheet directly.

In exercises 7-10, use your knowledge of

parent functions, transformations, and one-
to-one functions to decide if the given
function has an inverse. A sketch of the
function may help you decide.

10.

For exercises 11-14, find 𝑓 −1 of the given function.

11. 12.

10
13. 14.

15. Kendra invests $2000 in an account that earns 5.1% compounded monthly. How long will
it take her account to reach $5000?

16 Solve:

a)log 103𝑥 = ______ b) 10log √𝑥−3 = _________

2 −52
c) ln 𝑒 𝑥 = _______ d) 𝑒 ln(𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) = _________

2)
e) 10log 100 = _________ f) 𝑒 ln(3𝑒 = _________

11
Day 3: Inverses and Logarithms (continued)
Do Now: 1) Volunteer to show your homework solution at the board.
2) Complete the large number of review problems:
1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (4)𝑥 + 1

Simplify

12
LESSON:

You Try: 1) Solve 5𝑥 = 17, 2) Solve for y: log 7 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1

round your answer to the nearest thousandth.

Describe to your partner how you could solve this graphically.

Taking the log of both sides works with any base, including base e.

Change of base formula:

Evaluate the following using your calculator and the change of base formula:

log 3 11.2 log 7.4 252 log 2 3𝜋

Homework U3B-3: Worksheet U3B-3

13
Name:_____________________ FOC Homework U3B-3
You may show your work on this worksheet directly.
SIMPLIFY or EXPAND.

1. am  an 1. Multiply: (2x – 7) 2

am 2. Multiply: (4x – 6y) (4x + 6y)

2.
an
3. Factor: 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25
3. a −n
4. Factor: a 2 − b 2
4. a0

5. Expand: (a + b )
2

5. (a ) m n

−n
6. Factor: a 3 − b 3
a
6.  
b
7. Factor: 81𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 4

7. (3x)3
8. Factor: 8𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
4
5𝑥 2
8. ( 5 )
10𝑥
9. Factor: 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9
9. Multiply: (x – 2y)(3x + 4y)

10. Multiply: (a + 5b)2

Solve the equation algebraically:

1. 2.

14
Solve for y:

3. 4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
15
Day 4: Trig Review - RADIANS
Do Now: 1) Volunteer to show your homework solution at the board.
2) Complete the Unit circle in radians; give the angle AND the coordinates of each tick mark.

3) The terminal ray of an angle θ in standard position passes through ( 2, –5 ).

Find sin θ_____, cos θ____, tan θ_____

4. Give exact answers for each of the following:

5 7
sin − 60o cos150o tan315o sin cos
3 6

Lesson Notes:

16
KNOW:

17
Look at the graphs of sine and cosine. Which one is even and which is odd?

Example1: Determine a) the period b) the domain and range c) sketch the graph

𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 1 𝑦 = − sin(0.5𝑥) − 1

Give the measure of the stated angle in radians and degrees:

−√3
a) cos−1 (0.5) b) sin−1 ( ) c) tan−1(1.3)
2

HW U3B-4: Worksheet U3B-4

18
 Name:_____________________ FOC Homework U3B-4
You may show your work on this worksheet directly.

In exercises 1-2, find tan, csc, and sec from the given information.

1. 2.

In exercises 3-4, Determine a) the period b) the domain and range c) sketch the graph

1
𝑦 = −4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2 𝑦 = 2 sin(3𝑥) + 2

5. Choose and record the viewing window required to see two whole periods of the given functions:

6. Give the measure of the stated angle in radians and degrees:

a. b. c. d.

19
7. Solve the equation in the specified interval:

a. b. c.

8. Find sin, cos, tan for the angle described by the given information:

a. b.

20
Day 5: Dividing Polynomials
Do Now: 1) Volunteer to show your homework solution at the board.
2) Complete the Unit circle in radians; give the angle and the coordinates of each tick mark.

Simplify/Divide:

3.

4.

Lesson:
‘Do now’ problems 3 & 4 had division of a polynomial by a monomial. If you struggled with those, please see
me after class and I will provide more practice problems. Today we are going to review two techniques, Long
Division and Synthetic Division, to divide a polynomial by another polynomial. For both techniques, the first
step is to rewrite everything in standard form.

Write in standard form.

a) 5x – 2x2 + 9 + 2x3 b) -4x4 – 7x2 + x3 + 1 + x4

c) What is the coefficient of x in problem b above? What is the constant?

d) Is 6 a factor of 48? Is 7 a factor? How do you know?

LONG DIVISION:
1) Rewrite given division problem with both polynomials in standard form. If the polynomial jumps from 4x4 to 2x2 ,
then the x3 term is missing and we write it in with a zero coefficient. This forces all of the division work to be aligned.

ERROR ALERT: Remember to write any missing terms with a zero coefficient.

2) Follow long division steps from lower school of multiplying, then subtracting until we get to the last term. See
example below to see how to handle the remainder.

ERROR ALERT: Remember to subtract carefully and use parentheses!

21
Ex 1. DIVIDE: (x4 + 3x2 + x +4) / (x+3)

Ex 2.

If the divisor was x + 1 instead of x – 1, then what number would go in the little box?

22
ERROR ALERT: Just like with Long Division, ADD any missing terms with a ZERO coefficient. This is probably the most
common mistake that causes everything to go wrong.

Note: Many students find synthetic division easier and if you tend to make subtraction mistakes, then it’s a good option.
Synthetic division can only be used when dividing by a linear factor, and the coefficient of x in the divisor must be 1.

• If you divide a polynomial by x2 + 1, should you use long division or synthetic division?
• If you divide a polynomial by 2x + 1, should you use long division or synthetic division? Easy answer, use long
division. See example below to learn how to use synthetic division when the coefficient of the x-term is not 1.

E.g. (8x 4 − 4 x 2 + x + 4)  (2 x + 1)

8x4 − 4 x2 + x + 4
= What do I need to do to get = 1? Answer, multiply by ½ .
2x + 1
But, you must multiply top and bottom by ½

=
1
2
(8x 4
− 4x2 + x + 4 ) =
(4 x 4
)
− 2 x 2 + 12 x + 2
. Now, we can use synthetic division.
1
2
(2 x + 1) x + 12

Classwork: Use long or synthetic division for the problems below:

1. 2.

3. 4.

HW U3B-5: Worksheet U3B-5

23
Name:_____________________ FOC Homework U3B-5
Please use a separate sheet of paper and show all the steps required to solve each problem.
A. DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS

B. REVIEW
1. Use a graph to find the zeroes of the given function:
2. Jack invests $5000 in an account that earns 3.1% compounded quarterly. How long will
it take his account to reach $9000?
3. Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − ln (3𝑥 − 1) State the domain and range of f(x)

24
Day 6 – Review

Do Now: 1) Volunteer to show your homework solution at the board.

Classwork/Homework: Worksheet U3B-6

Day 7 – Unit 3B Test, Calculators allowed

25