MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

QUARTER 4
 “ICT can open up opportunities to enable
us to use our collective elderly wisdom to
contribute once more to society,” says
THE MEDIA INFORMATION LITERATE TO
Lola Techie. “Through ICT, we can warn
INDIVIDUAL
the new generation not to commit the
same mistakes again as we did in our
time.
Lola Techie
 Popular TV personality Lola Tessie
“techie” Moreno gave a motivational talk MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
to an audience of Senior Citizens - according to UNESCO, refers to the
gathered at the DOST ICT Office on competences and skills needed to
how to improve their lives with the use effectively connect with media and
of Information and Communications other information sources, as well as
Technology. See also GMA News and develop critical thinking and life-long
Public Affairs (2013, June 28). SONA: learning capabilities to socialize and
Lola Techie, hinikayat ang ibang may become active citizens. These engaged
edad na tulad niya na maging tech savvy. citizens are well-versed in the media and
possess a high level of information
Lola Techie gives tips to seniors on using ICT literacy.
- As an individual, he or she has improved
 Popular TV Personality Tessie “Lola the quality of life, demonstrated active
Techie” Moreno gave a motivational talk participation in politics, promoted
to an audience of senior citizens from economic opportunities, benefited from
various barangays of Quezon City on how a better learning environment, and has
to improve their lives with the use of become a more cohesive social unit.
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT). MEDIA AND INFORMATION IMPROVE
QUALITY OF LIFE
 Ms. Moreno, a 71-year-old grandmother,
known for her role as a computer savvy  Anyone can attest to the fact that life
lola in a series of television commercial was different in the past than it is now.
and viral videos with local telecom Every new age in history has been
operator Bayantel, shared her real-life heralded by developments that alter
experiences in learning how to use society's way of life.
technology, and how it has made her to
be more productive despite learning how  From the stone age, when cavemen
to use ICT at an advanced age. developed stones as tools, to today's
information age, which is fueled by media
and information technologies, the desire
 For her, the availability of “Skype”
to improve things has driven the
makes distance not a barrier in talking
evolution of eras.
face-to-face with her children and
grandchildren. Google also helps her in
doing important researches. In addition,  information technologies, the desire to
Facebook, and other social networking improve things has driven the evolution
services such as Twitter, Plurk and of eras. There is no doubt that the media
Multiply keep her connected with the and information era have made a
digital world. significant difference in people's lives.
 It is now simple to communicate. information grow. When jobs grow, so
Information is now freely available. does the economy. Employment or the
lack thereof persists as an economic
problem in most developing countries like
 It has gotten easier to do research.
the Philippines.
There is something entertaining for
everyone. Long-distance communication
used to take time, but now it is instant.  The media industry in the age of
information plays a vital catalyst role to
address that. For so long, the concept of
MEDIA AND INFORMATION FOR GREATER
learning has been a source object for
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
many. Once education is given importance
because it is a prerequisite to a good job,
 The media and the government have a
a good life.
long-standing relationship in the field of
public service. While the government
serves the people by leading the nation  Media has made information sought
towards progress, the media serve them after, not forced, by offering a wide
by informing the public about subjects variety of content. Media has also made
they need or want to know. learning a choice and has given people
various platform to learn independently.
 Politics is persisting media content, A media-literate individual takes
particularly in news. President Benigno advantage of this to further his or her
Aquino III once alluded that the Filipino lifelong learning process
people is his boss. Unlike bosses,
however, not everyone has the time or
resources to verify if those in the MEDIA AND INFORMATION
government serve the best interest of INDIVIDUALS AS MORE COHESIVE
the Filipino people. SOCIAL UNITS

 The term "unit cohesiveness" comes

 Through media reports of government from a military term that refers to the
activities and issues, the public is bond that troops have that allows them
informed of the country's political to work together more effectively to
affairs and is further encouraged to fulfill a mission. Individuals who are
take a more active role in the media and information literate are
government. believed to form more cohesive social
units than those who are not.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION PROMOTING

 Media and information literates become
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
more cohesive social units by keeping
them informed and connecting them in
 The media industry has grown in number
ways that were previously impossible.
in today's information age both in
This develops a tie that has societal
content and in the workforce. The influx
impacts in addition to relational effects.
of media offerings has led to the
creation of numerous jobs in the media
industry.  It is said that the media has the ability
to influence social transformation. While
 Even IT-based jobs, which were once this is true, it is the individuals in society
rare, are now a necessity as media and
 who have acquired a screaming desire for
change because of media, not the media.
EUROPEAN MIL FRAMEWORK CORE SKILLS

 The media may contribute to the holistic

1. AESTHETIC AND CREATIVE SKILLS
development of society, but growth will
not occur until media and information
 MIL is not about memorizing data or
literate persons share the same purpose.
facts but having the ability to look at,
watch, listen to and understand the
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEDIA AND
various media arts production from the
INFORMATION LITERATE CITIZEN
vantage point of the audience.
 . It is hoped that, as a result of one's
The European framework of media and
knowledge of media creations, one will be
information (MIL) identifies the following
able to examine the complexities of
characteristics of a media and information
media creations more closely, — for
literate individual:
example, be fascinated about both the
aesthetic and technical components of
 Can understand media's influence and
such creations.
representations;
 Can make informed and independent
2. INTERACTIVE SKILLS
decisions;
 Can learn about the world around them;
 The production of media content entails
 Can build a sense of community;
more than one individual. In most cases,
 Can maintain public disclosure;
media production is a team effort, and
 Can engage in lifelong learning;
part of being interactive is taking on
 Can produce information;
specific roles in this process of team
 Can think critically;
creation. Thus, part of developing your
 Can use media for self-expression and
interactive skills also entails your ability
creativity;
to use media-related materials and
 Can use media in a self and responsible
equipment to communicate your ideas
way; and
and views.
 Can participate in democracy and global
information network.
3. CRITICAL ANALYSIS SKILLS
 As critical thinking is the highlight of
CORE SKILLS OF A MEDIA AND
one's development as a media and
INFORMATION LITERATE CITIZEN
information literate person, an individual
needs to exercise this skill daily. A
 To develop yourself as a media and
simple as analyzing the message of a new
information literate person, it is
television commercial to interpreting
important to develop and hone certain
what a photograph in a magazine could be
skills needed for this objective. It is a
saying these everyday occurrences could
sure thing that you are already
be small exercises toward honing one’s
practicing some of these skills in your
skills in critical analysis.
daily life. It's possible that you're not
aware that the talents you already
 This ability is required to decode the
possess or are practicing are also
meanings we acquire from media
applicable to the MIL framework.
messages and to comprehend what we
see, hear, watch, and read in the media.
These skills could be easily by being
exposed to various types of media
 products on a regular basis, diversify Examples: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
your media content exposure. c. Slab Serif – It carries heavy look to
text that can be used for large
advertising sign on billboards.
4. SECURITY ANALYSIS
Examples: Rockwell, Playbill
d. Script – It has brush-like strokes usually
 Practicing MIL brings us to important
used in wedding invitation cards or other
21st century concerns: Online security
formal events
and safety. Remember that transacting
Examples: Ewardian, Vladimir
media information over the internet
e. Decorative – It is used to convey
exposes you to a variety of conditions
emotions (celebration, fear) or themes
and conditions that could hurt you, your
(holidays, kiddie).
friends, or connections. It is best to be
prepared in solving problematic setups
Examples: Chiller, Curlz MT
and be aware of ethical issues and
practices when dealing with the content
TYPES OF TEXT AND COMMON FILE
of others.
FORMATS

DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF MEDIA AND

HYPERTEXT
INFORMATION
serve to link different electronic
documents and enable users to jump from one to
1. TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
another in a nonlinear way.
TEXT
 according to computerhope.com, text is
http://www.facebook.com is a hyperlink that
a collection of words or letters that are
will bring you to Facebook homepage.
understandable by the reader. On a
computer, text is added, viewed, edited,
PAINTTEXT/ UNFORMATTED TEXT
and modified using a text editor or word
fixed sized characters having essentially
processing program. To add text, a
the same type of appearance.
keyboard is most often used. However,
may also be added using touch and an on-
FORMATTED TEXT
screen keyboard or through voice
appearance can be changed using font
recognition.
parameters (bold, underline, italic, font size,
font color, font style etc.)
TYPEFACE
 refers to the style of the text in the
Text information and media makes
digital format.
dissemination more accurate, efficient, and
faster. It is also important in data gathering
TYPES OF TYPEFCES
and documentation

a. SERIF– It connotes readability in large

2. VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
amount of texts and usually used for the
body of books, newspapers, magazines
VISUAL MEDIA
and research publication.
According to ewikstar.wixsite.com,
Example: Times New Roman, Garamond
Visual media are sources of information in the
b. SANS SERIF – It is used for clear and form of visual representations.
direct meaning of text such as road
signage, building directory and nutrition
facts in food packages.
EXAMPLES OF VISUAL MEDIA 3. AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA
a. IDEOGRAM
A picture or symbol used in system of AUDIO - sound, especially when recorded,
writing to represent a thing or an idea. transmitted, or reproduced.

AUDIO MEDIA - media communication that

uses audio or recordings to deliver
and transfer information through the means of
sounds.

b. STATISTICAL VISUALIZATION AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA -

Creation of data using visual materials or sounds that are transmitted
representation. Charts and graphs are produced or received thru high fidelity waves
tools to see that are heard thru certain
and understand equipment.
trends in data.
CHARACTERISTICS
 Clarity of voice
 Relevant to the topic
 Clear pitch of the audio
 Appropriate length
c. PICTURE  Appropriate language
Photograph, drawing,  Unbiased content
painting. They are used
to express emotions and FORMAT AND TYPES
ideas.  MP3 (MPEG Audio layer 3) - a common
format for consumer audio, as wel las a
d. GRAPHIC DESIGN standard of digital audio compression for
Creation of visual content to the transfer and playback of music on
communicate messages. Examples are most digital audio player.
graphic advertisement, posters,  M4A /AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advance
brochures, and info graphics. Audio coding) - It is a file extension for
an audio file encoded with advanced
e. VIDEO audio coding (AAC) which is a lossy
Graphic design that combines motion and compression.
audio.  WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) - a
Microsoft and IBM audio file format
f. 3-D IMAGE standard for storing an audio bitstream
A three-dimensional visual medium can on PCs.
be a sculpture, architecture, a real life  WMA (Windows Media Audio) – It is an
object or a person. audio file container and serves as an
audio codec too. This format is native to
There is a need to understand visual information the popular Windows Media Player, the
and media because symbols with meaning aid in-built multimedia player of Windows
memory retention and have more bearing for operating systems.
visual learner’s retention.
TYPES OF AUDIO INFORMATION
a) Radio Broadcast - live or recorded audio
sent through radio waves to reach a wide
audience
 b) Music - vocal or instrumental sounds CHARACTERISITCS OF SOUND
combined in such a way as to produce a) Volume – intensity of a sound
beauty of form, harmony, and expression b) Tone – the audible characteristic of a
of emotion sound
c) Sound Recording - recording of an c) Pitch - is how high or low a sound is
interview, meeting, or any sound from d) Loudness - refers to the magnitude of
the environment the sound heard
d) Sound Clips / Effects - any sound
artificially reproduced to create an PURPOSE OF A SOUND
effect in a dramatic presentation (ex. a) Give instruction or information
sound of a storm, or a door) b) Provide feedback
e) Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video c) To personalize or customize
file or recording, usually part of a
themed series, that can be downloaded Audio information and media became so popular
from a website to a media player or a nowadays since earphones and headphones are
computer now attached to gadgets. There is a need for
audio information and media when recording
WAYS TO STORE AUDIO INFORMATION vocal works and sound effects which be
a) Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can difficult to include in text
be recorded
b) CD (Compact Disc) - a plastic- 4. MOTION INFORMATION AND
fabricated, circular medium for MEDIA
recording, storing, and playing back
audio, video, and computer data MOTION MEDIA – It is visual media that gives
c) USB Drive - an external flash drive, the appearance of a movement. It can be a
small enough to carry on a key ring that collection of graphics, footage, videos. It is
can be used with any computer that has combined with audio, text and /or interactive
USB port. content to create multimedia.
d) Memory Card (Flash Memory Card or
Storage Card) - is a small storage FORMS OF MOTION MEDIA
medium used to store data such as text, a) Informal - created by individuals
pictures, audio, and video, for use on often for personal use
small, portable, or remote computing b) Formal – created by professionals who
devices. follow industry standards in creating, editing
e) Computer Hard Drive - secondary and producing motion media
storage devices for storing audio file.
f) Internet / Cloud - websites or file TYPES OF MOTION MEDIA
repositories for retrieving audio files,
and more precisely the files are stored a) According to format
in some datacenter full of servers that  Animation Animated GIFs (Graphic
is connected to the Internet. Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave,
Dynamic HMTL
UNITS OF SOUND  Video formats / Video Codecs
a) Decibel (dB) - noise of sound MP4, DivX, MPG, 3GP, AVI, MKV
measurement b) According to purpose
b) Hertz (Hz) - unit of sound frequency  Education, Entertainment, Advertising
c) Phon - unit of subjective loudness c) According to source
 Personal, Social Media, Media Companies
d) According to audience
 Private, Public, General, Directed
 DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL
ADVANTAGES OF MOTION MEDIA MANIPULATIVE
a) It captures motion in a manner that • Need for supervision, inability to save
can be viewed repeatedly. progress, difficulty in assessing, limited
b) It can show processes in detail and in feedback, costly, limited
sequence.
c) It enables learning with emotions. b) Digital manipulative - Computer-aided
objects and materials that also
LIMITATIONS OF MOTION MEDIA facilitate interactive learning
a) Compared to other forms of visual media the
viewer cannot always interrupt the ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL
presentation. MANIPULATIVE
b) It is often times more costly than other • Flexible, controlled
forms of visual media. Other data may be DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL
presented best using still images. Examples are MANIPULATIVE
graphs, diagrams, • Expensive, not accessible
maps. There is a need to understand about
c) It is subject to misinterpretation. manipulative information and media because
learning through this medium is engaging and
Motion media is very accessible now but very affective.
sometimes misused. It’s about time to bring
back its worth to fully maximize its benefits 6. MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION
AND MEDIA MULTIMEDIA – according to
5. MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND https://www1.udel.edu/, multimedia is the use
MEDIA of a computer to present and combine text,
Manipulative information and media refer to graphics, audio, and video with links and tools
materials, programs, applications and that let the user navigate, interact, create, and
the like that teachers and students use to communicate.
formulate new information to aid learning
through the use, analysis, evaluation and TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION
production of interactive and hands-on media. AND THEIR FORMATS
a) TEXT – Text files contain textual
Manipulative media is also known as interactive data and may be saved in plain text or rich text
media. Interactive media engage the user and formats. While most text files are documents
interact with him or her in a way that non- created and saved by users, they can also be
interactive media do not. used by software developers to store program
data.
TYPES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
a) Traditional manipulative - These are Examples of text files include word processing
materials that been present since before documents, log files, and saved email messages.
technology advanced. The following are the
advantages of traditional manipulative:

ADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL
MANIPULATIVE
• Hands-on learning, multisensory,
variation in learning, promotes collaboration
 b) GRAPHICS - visual images or designs • Multimedia presentations can be
on some surface and often it is a combination of modified very easily.
text, illustration, and color.
DISADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA
INFORMATION
• Non-interactive – if one-way, no
feedback.
• Complex to create.
• Time consuming.
• Use of multimedia is expensive video
files can be large and a long download time may
leave some students with nothing to do.

Multimedia information and media is the most

suitable medium for teaching and learning
process. Though this technology, it made
c) AUDIO - Audio files appear as part teaching learning process flexible and
of application content and also to aid continuous even at the times of pandemic.
interaction. Multimedia presentations often
have some audio
tracks which make it easier for people to PRODUCTION, ORGANIZATION AND
understand. DISSEMINATION OF DIFFERENT
d) VIDEO – Video enhances, dramatizes, DIMENSIONS OF MEDIA
and gives impact to your multimedia
application. The advantage of integrating I. TEXT INFORMATION
video into a multimedia presentation is Text is a type of media product that needs to
the capacity to effectively convey a be examined. Unlike video or audio. Every
great deal of information in the least description or representation of the world,
amount of time. fictional or otherwise, is an attempt to describe
e) ANIMATION - Animation adds visual or define reality, and is in some way a construct
impact to the multimedia project and are of reality, a text. In the production of text
used in cartoons, scientific visualization. media, one needs to understand the different
parts of a text.
Animations can also include interactive
effects, allowing users to engage with A. TITLES
the animation action using their mouse If you are producing a medium that uses text to
and keyboard. disseminate information, it is important to take
note that titles are essential part of the
ADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA medium. It allows the reader to identify the
INFORMATION overall topic of the text and understand the
main
• Multimedia enhances the effect of idea.
text presentations.
• Improves the quality of presentation B. HEADINGS
and retains the attention of audience. Headings are also important as it allow the
• It can be used for educational as well readers to grasp and identify specific topics
as entertainment purpose. and divide the text into sections. Headings make
• It is quick and easier to operate for the the presentation of text information more
instructor. organized.
C. Bold Print and Italic d. Is the visual appropriate for the
Font faces are already discussed in the previous intended audience?
lesson. You have already learned that e. What visual devices are used to direct
formatting the font according to the text’s the viewer’s attention?
purpose is vital. In addition to choosing the f. Does the visual contain only the
right font face and size, emphasizing certain essential information?
words using bold and italic fonts is both useful g. Are appropriate visual sequencing
to signal important concepts or words in the techniques used to present complex ideas?
information.
B. For Symbols
D. Charts, Tables and Graphs Wileman (1993), listed considerations on how to
Visual and graphic presentation are indeed make symbols in visual media clearer for the
effective in helping the readers understand reader.
information in a faster way. Charts, table and
graphs help readers understand large amount of a. Use distinct colors and simple graphical
information without actually going into the elements to design symbols that
details of the text. will function in any size.

b. Design solid figures with a district contrast

to the background.
E. Illustrations c. Use characters and graphical elements that
Illustrations are becoming more popular as are bold, distinct and large enough.
prints media gradually transforming into digital III. Motion Information
formats making it easier to produce and Motion media as defined by Roblyer (2006) as
disseminate. This helps readers understand the appearance of moving text and graphics on
information in a visual way. a display. Its purpose is to communicate
information in multiple ways. Thus, making it
F. Captions more interactive than text and visuals. As
Captions are used to explain illustrations and technology overwhelmingly transforms almost
photographs so that readers will not expend too all industries into virtual forms, Information
much time and effort interpreting an presented in the moving forms are becoming
image/photo/illustration. trendier and more acceptable.

II. Visual Information Here are some steps in the production of motion
Producing visual information is not as easy as it information by Mark Oxillo (2017)
may sound. There are two considerations that a
producer must contemplate on. These are Steps in Formal Production of Animation
clarity and emphasis. a) Writing the story.
b) Script is written and dialogue is
A. For Pictures recorded.
Wileman (1993), formulated guide questions on c) Animators sketch major scenes,
how to maximize the use of pictures in a media inbetweeners fill in the gaps.
material. d) Background music and background
details are added.
a. Are the words and images large enough e) Drawings are rendered.
to seen?
b. Are the words and images bold enough Credibility of Motion Media
to see? e. Determining the Credibility of Motion
c. Is there good contrast between figure Media
and ground? • Validity of Information
 • Source not much hustle in connecting to
• Relationship of the Author to the event networks.

f. Technical Methods to Detect VI. MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION

Fake/Tampered Video - Multimedia production begins with
gathering content elements that fulfills
g. Smoothness of the Video - This is the purpose of higher layer components,
often detected when movements are not followed by integration of these
smooth; when action seems to jump from one elements to create a meaningful
position to another, as if some action were presentation. Multimedia production is
missing. continually evolving and extends across
platforms into unexpected types of
h. Lighting Coverage Matches - One way to media. Even mediums that are
detect lighting matches is to look at the traditionally strictly textual, such as
shadows; the source of light determines books, are starting to find ways to use
the size and direction of the shadow. multimedia production to their
i. Scale and Size Consistent - scale advantage.
refers to how the size of the objects in
reference to one another are near the
real thing.
IV. AUDIO INFORMATION Six Stages of Production in Multimedia
- One can now easily record podcasts and
original songs digitally and that could be Elizabeth Smith (2019) points put 6 stages of
made public by uploading to different multimedia production. These are:
streaming sites such as YouTube and
Spotify. Digital recording and A. Planning
reproduction convert the analog sound - A planning is crucial part of the
signal picked up by the microphone to a multimedia development process; it
digital form. This lets the audio data be creates a shared vision for everyone
stored and transmitted by a wider working on a project. At this stage, it is
variety of media. To auditory people who important to define and communicate the
find it easier to learn and understand major goals of the material and lays out
information in audio materials rather the milestones.
than text and visuals, the retention of
learning is deeper in listening. B. Creative Brief and Script Writing
- Most multimedia projects have a story
V. MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION behind them. After the planning, script
- this type of media is undeniably flexible for the background story should be
and adaptable is creators have been written. It should be creative and brief.
successful in designing materials that The text should hit the main points of
could cater various age groups such Web the project and use language that
quests and online treasure/scavenger appeals to the audience in jargon, tone,
hunts. In e-books for instance, writers and style.
are now designing materials which does
not only require the audience to read but C. Story Boarding to Tie the Elements
require a certain level of interaction. Together
- This is called interactive e-book. - A multimedia project usually includes
Readers are given tasks and activities multiple pieces: audio, video, imagery,
after reading the material. Everything is text for voiceovers and on-screen titles.
digital but not always online so there is Story boarding ties everything together;
 a story board panel for a scene includes PRODUCING CREATIVE PRESENTATIONS
a sketch of the visual elements, the USING DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND
voiceover or title text, and any ELEMENTS
production notes. It guides the process,
keeps everyone in check and gives DESIGN PRINCIPLES USED IN DIFFERENT
structure to the project. MEDIA

D. Designing the Visual Aspect 1. Text Information and Media

- During the design stage, designers take
over the visual aspects of the project to a) EMPHASIS
determine how it looks and feels. Using This principle pertains to giving importance or
the notes from the storyboard, they value to a part of a text-based content that
create graphics, design the navigation, needs to stand out.
and give direction to photographers and
videographers regarding the correct Examples:
shots. Depending on the project, the Make the text bold, italicized
design stage might include graphic have a heavier weight
design, web design, information design, darkened or lightened
photography, or image collection enlarged

E. Review and Editing

- Editing is one of the most time- b) APPROPRIATENESS
consuming and difficult aspects in the This refers to how fitting or suitable the text
multimedia creation process. The editors is used for a specific audience, purpose or
combine the numerous elements into a event. In the creation of text-based content,
cohesive output, considering the make sure that the selection criteria (tone,
project's time limits, plot line, and style, purpose, clarity) is followed.
creative criteria. Pieces of the project
may be edited separately, depending on c) PROXIMITY
the scope of the project. This refers to how near or how far are the text
elements from each other. When two things are
F. Production and User Testing closely related, we bring them close together.
- The production stage of a multimedia Otherwise, we put text elements far from each
project is when all of the pieces come other.
together. Using the narrative board as a
guide, the production team gathers all of For example, the main title and subtitle are
the edited elements in one location and usually placed close to each other.
arranges them in a logical sequence.
Internally and with the client, the rough d) ALIGNMENT
document is then subjected to rounds of Alignment is an important element of a text
review and final editing. based content. How the text is positioned in the
- A user-testing is phase is necessary as page is as essential to understand as it affects
part of the production process to how the reader/audience will perceive the
guarantee that a project has the desired information. Texts could be aligned in the left,
impact on the intended audience. During center, right, or justified.
this stage, team members observe as
test members of the audience use the e) ORGANIZATION
multimedia piece. This refers to the connection of text elements
in the page. In page lay outing, the creator
should be able to manipulate the user’s or
audience’s attention on a page to convey a visual discord in a composition. It shows the
meaning, sequence, and points of interaction. difference between shapes and can be used as
You must ensure that while some text elements a background to bring objects out and forward
are separated from each other, they are still in a design can also be used to create an area of
connected with the rest of the elements in the emphasis.
page.
f) DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT
f) REPETITION Directional movement is a visual flow through
This refers to the consistency of elements, the composition. It can be the suggestion of
unity of the entire design, repeating some motion in a design as you move from object to
typefaces within the page. object by way placement and position.

g) CONTRAST g) RHYTHM
Contrast creates visual interest where two Rhythm is a movement in which some elements
elements are different from recur regularly like a dance, it will have a flow
each other. of objects that will seem to be like the beat of
Examples: music.
white text on a dark background
large font with a small font serif and sans serif h) PERSPECTIVE
thin elements with wide elements Perspective created through the arrangement
cool color and warm color of objects in two dimensional spaces to look like
they appear in real life learned meaning of the
2. Visual information and media (Visual Design relationship between different objects seen in
and Principles) space.

a) CONSISTENCY i) DOMINANCE
Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, Dominance gives interest, counteracting
and colors is necessary, especially in slide confusion and monotony can be applied to one or
presentations or documents that are more than more of the elements to give emphasis.
one page.
3. AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA
b) CENTER OF INTEREST PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN
Center of Interest an area that first attracts
attention in a composition. This may be an a) Mixing – it is the combination, balance and
important objects or elements in a composition. control of multiple sound elements.
It can be achieved by contrast of values, more b) Pace – it refers to time control, editing,
colors, and placement. order of events.
c) Stereo Imaging – This refers to the aspect
c) BALANCE of sound recording and reproduction. You are
There should be a visual equality in shape, form, going to use left and right channel for depth.
value, color, etc. It can be symmetrical and d) Transition – this refers on how you get from
evenly or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. one segment or element to another.

d) HARMONY TYPES OF TRANSITIONS

Harmony brings together a composition with a) Segue – this refers to one element stops, the
similar units. next begins (“cut” in film).
b) Cross-fade - refers to one element fades
e) CONTRAST out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the
Contrast offers some change in value creating way.
c) V-Fade – refers to first element fades to media. In other words, people should not have
inaudible before the second element begins. to guess or look for opportunities to interact.
d) Waterfall – this refers to as first element
fades out, the second element begins at full c) Learnability – there should be engaging
volume. This is good for voice transitions, than interfaces that allow users to easily learn and
for effects. remember their interactions.

4. MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA d) Predictability - ensure that the opportunity

ELEMENTS OF MOTION MEDIA to interact is perceivable by ensuring the
context is meaningful and sets the proper
a) Speed – It is a fast movement that gives expectations.
vigor and vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow
movement connotes lethargy, solemnity or e) Feedback - provide acknowledgement of the
sadness. user’s interactions as well as information about
their outcomes.
b) Direction – It indicates a movement from one
direction to another. It can also refer to the
growing or shrinking of an object.

c) Timing – It can be classified as objective or

subjective. Objective timing can be measured in
minutes, seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing is
psychological or felt.

d) Transition – It is an element that is used to

switch between scenes. MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION AND MEDIA

e) Sound and Color – It is an element that adds In a multimedia presentation, the

meaning to the motion. presenter uses various tools to create and
channel information to the audience. Instead of
f) Blurring – In animation, blurring can provide just listening to a lecturer, the audience is given
the illusion of fast movement. In videos, it is additional information or supporting materials
often used to censor information for security that make use of different media dimensions. It
or decency may contain images, videos, audio or animations
that make the lecture much more interesting.
5. MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND
MEDIA PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION TOOLS
MEDIA - Multimedia is the combination of various
kinds of medium. Firefogg.org (2019)
a) Consistency - ensure that persistent identified five basic types of multimedia.
elements remain in the same place and make - These are: Text, Audio Files,
sure they retain the same appearance while Images/Photographs, Video Material and
adhering to the same grid layout and Animation. In our previous lesson, these
proportions on the screens of digital types media and their formats have been
experiences. comprehensively explained.

b) Perceivability - avoid developing hidden There are a variety of multimedia tools that you
interactions, which decrease the usability, can use to organize your presentation and make
efficiency, and user experience of interactive it more interesting for the audience.
 1. PowerPoint Presentation (PPT). - The LED projectors category includes
the latest projector technology used in
PowerPoint is one of the software programs of ultra-portable projectors, business
Microsoft Office. Through PowerPoint, a user projectors, and digital projection.
can present information in a form of slides with - LED projectors use an LED light source
texts, images or illustrations. It has templates as opposed to a conventional lamp. LED
and a collection of images on file, which a user projectors are becoming more and more
can incorporate in the presentation. The user popular.
can also insert sound and video clips. The - LED technology is being used in a wide
PowerPoint program is very easy to use because range of products, including home
its tools are simple and user-friendly. theater projectors, business and
education projectors.
2. Audio-Visual Presentation (AVP).
c. Overhead Projector (OHP).
This type of presentation uses both sound and
visual components. The AVP can be an entire - Before LCD and LED projectors have
video taken from a video recorder. It is usually been created, OHP was the trend in slide
shown for a specific purpose. During trade presentations.
exhibits, for example, participating companies - Using an overhead projector is a simple
use an AVP to tell the audience what their and affordable type of presentation, as
company offers. it is only able to display text and images
with transparencies.
3. Projectors - The speaker is expected to discuss what
is projected on screen so that the
Since multimedia presentations are computer- audience can understand the information
based materials, a projector is needed to show presented.
them to a bigger group of audience in a face-to- - Before LCD projectors, teachers used
face lecture. Projectors have technologically the OHP to aid them with their
evolved through time to cater the everchanging lecturers, while students used the during
demands multimedia displays. reports.

a. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Projector 4. Smart Board.

- An LCD projector is a type of projector - A Smart Board is a very effective way to

based on liquid crystal displays which can teach lessons to students in class, as it
display images, data or video. has an interactive whiteboard that use
- An LCD projector works on transmissive touch detection for user input.
technology. LCD projectors are more - The user can scroll the information using
popular than many alternatives due to a mouse or just the fingertips because of
the fact that they are cheaper to its touch screem feaures projected
produce and have excellent color through LCD.
reproduction. They are commonly used in
business meetings, presentations, CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIMEDIA
seminars, and lectures. INFORMATION
- Projectors using a liquid crystal display
image engine are common in the Bob Goldstein, a singer and artist, was believed
workplace. to have coined the term multimedia in 1966
during the opening of his Light Works at
b. LED (Light Emitting Diode) Projector L’Oursin show at New York, Long Island.
Multimedia was used in the context of
describing music with a variety of visual deliberate manner, in order to inform,
effects. influence, or entertain.

At present, multimedia can refer to a

Eugenio Isabelo Tomas Reyes Sanchez, Jr.,
combination of text, graphic art, sound,
widely known as Bo Sanchez, is a bestselling
animation, and video. Listed below are the
author, entrepreneur, preacher, and lay
characteristics of multimedia information.
minister in the Philippines. He is also popularly
known as the ‘Preacher in Blue Jeans”
1. Electronic or digital. Multimedia is
prepared and delivered electronically
Nicholas James Vujicic is an Australian
using various computer applications and
Christian evangelist and motivational speaker
online tools.
born with phocomelia, a rare disorder
characterized by the absence of all four limbs.
2. Interactive. A multimedia presentation
is interactive because it responds to the
3. SALESPEOPLE
audience’s visual and auditory senses. A
multimedia presentation becomes
- A salesperson uses multimedia
interactive when it allows the user to do
presentation to display the products or
voice command, mouse manipulation, text
services that they are offering.
entry, touch screen and video capture.
- With multimedia presentation, a
salesperson can catch the attention of
3. Dynamics. A multimedia presentation is
the customer, as information and
dynamic because it can be projected,
features of the product or services are
played, recorded and accessed using
displayed, the multimedia presentation
technology and computer applications.
becomes a marketing tool in this manner.
The use of vivid graphics an image,
together with sound effects, level up the
CREATIVE MULTIMEDIA
presentation, making it more interesting
and attractive to the audience.
1. Living Museum
USERS OF MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION
Interactive multimedia enables communication
between the multimedia system and its user;
1. Teachers or lecturers. Teachers use
the user controls the sequence and presentation
multimedia presentation to present their
of information. Multimedia makes use of
lessons in class. With the use of
computers to store, combine, retrieve, and
multimedia presentation, the teacher is
present information from a variety of media,
able to teach the lesson more effectively
and enable userdefined interactive navigation
because it addresses the different
through the sources.
needs of the learners. Since the lecture
is both visual and auditory, learning new
Multimedia installations in museum galleries can
information becomes experimental.
range from a single interactive video-kiosk in a
special exhibition to a totally integrated
2. Motivational or public speaker.
exhibition and information environment
Motivational speakers are people who
supported by technology.
make speeches intended to motivate or
inspire an audience. Public speaking
When multimedia is features in an exhibition
(sometimes termed oratory or oration) is
design or interpretive plan, its target audience
the process or act or performing a
can be defined as the visitors to that exhibition.
presentation (speech). Directly speaking
Exhibitions often include supplementary
to a live audience in a structured,
interpretive material to provide information  Evaluations, analysis and
about objects, works or art, or artifacts that Is recommendations
not apparent from their casual appearance.

Digital Catalogs
EVALUATING AND RATING CREATIVE
Interactive multimedia is excellent as an MULTIMEDIA
enhanced exhibition catalog. A database can be
constructed containing a complete catalog with 1. Content
basic documentation and images of all objects in
the exhibition. Basic information can be A multimedia presentation varies depending on
combined with background details about maker, its content. For example, in a classroom setting,
genres, subjects, provenance, and techniques. the content shows information about the lesson;
therefore, the presentation should align with
Outside the museum walls, multimedia is ideal the topic.
for distribution to a broad range of museum
communities (or markets): professional,
educational, and consumer. Many museums have
already produced digital catalogs (videodiscs or
compact discs), and the production of
educational material and entertaining 2. Purpose or application.
publications is growing.
Multimedia presentation can be used in many
2. E-PORTFOLIO ways. Therefore, it should be evaluated based
on its application. For example, an audio-visual
Another type of creative multimedia is the presentation (AVP) for corporate events which
ePortfolio or Electronic Portfolio. This is a aims to attract potential investors should be
collection of work (evidence) in an electronic presented in a professional and innovative
format that showcases learning over time. manner.
When you think about your ePortfolio and the
types of evidence that it contains, it is 3. Manner of Presentation.
important to think carefully about its purpose
and intended audience. A multimedia presentation can be presented in
different ways. The information can be
Clemson University (2021) specified what presented using a PowerPoint or an AVP. The
should an ePortfolio contain. These are: manner of presentation should be rated based
on the following factors.
 Files of various formats (text, pictures,
video, etc.) a. Audience
 Evidence related to courses taken,
programs of study, etc. A younger audience, like elementary and high
 Writing samples (which might include school students, will pay more attention if the
several drafts to show development and presentation is creative and interactive. On the
 improvement) other hand, a more mature audience would
 Projects prepared for class or prefer a presentation that is more informative
extracurricular activities and direct in explaining the details in a concrete
 Evidence of creativity and performance manner.
 Evidence of extracurricular or co-
curricular activities, including examples
of leadership
 b. Topic

The topic should be aligned with the type of

presentation used so that the information can
be presented effectively and efficiently. For
example, if the topic is about technology, it
would be better to do a grand presentation with
moving images, sound effects, and video clips.

c. Resources

The manner of presentation is also dependent

on the available resources. There should be a
key person who knows how to operate
multimedia tools and organize the presentation.

BY:GRIZ 