Science Capsule G5 (1)

Science Capsule Primary 5
UNIT 1
Part Function
Root 1. fix (anchor) the plant in the soil.
2. Absorb water and nutrient from the soil.
Root hair 1. Increase the amount of absorbed water.
2. Transport water and nutrients from soil to roots.
Stem 1. Supports leaves and flowers of the plants.

2. Transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves
through xylem.
Xylem Transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves

( from down to up )
Leaves 1.Make the plants food through photosynthesis process
(chlorophyll) 2. It collect water, sunlight and carbon dioxide.
Stomata 1. Pores on the surface of the leaves.

2. Absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
( allow gases to move in and out of the plant)
Chlorophyll 1. Give leaves the green colour.
2. Absorb ( capture )sunlight energy from the Sun.
Phloem Transport the food downwards from the leaves to all

parts of the plant.
( from up to down )
Flowers 1. Organ of reproduction.
2. It produce seeds that help the plant to reproduce.
Seed Transport of seeds from one place to another.

Dispersal
Artery Carry blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients from
the Heart to al body parts.
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Vein Carry blood that contains carbon dioxide and low in
nutrients and oxygen from all body parts to heart.
Types of stem:
Stem Example
1. Upright stem Most flowers
2. Climb stem Vines( Grapes)
3. Extend underground Potato
stem ( Tuber )
4. Wood stem Trunks and shrubs ( apple )
5. Runner stem Extend above and along the ground.
Types of leaves:
Leaves Example
1. Narrow ( like needle) Pine trees
2. Wide Water lilly
 Basic needs of plants:

- Water/ nutrients, air ( carbon dioxide ) and sunlight.
- Soil is not a basic need because:
1. Some plants grow on water
2. Some plants grow on other plants.
 the seeds can grow without soil, if they have water and Sun, in the
initial growth the seeds can grow without soil, but finally they need
soil.

 Sunlight:
- Is important for plant growth.
- Photosynthesis takes place inside the leaves.
Where plant take → carbon dioxide gas and nutrients / water
Plant produce →oxygen gas and glucose sugar
Plant changes: Light energy of the sun  chemical energy
 Systems :
- The system that transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients in

plants is called Transport system.
- The system that transport blood in human, is called Circulatory
system.
 Types of seeds:
Seeds The way of seed dispersal
1.Coconut seed Water, because it is hollow and float on
water
2. Mable / Dandelion seed Wind. Because they are light and feathery.
3. Burr / Plum seed It has spines, that help it to stick to
animal's fur or human's clothing
4. Tomato / Apple seed Eaten by animals and come out with stool

Important definition:
Germination Plant sprouts and begin to grow from a seed.
process:
Photosynthesis Is a process where plants use the energy in sunlight to make its own
process: food.
Ecosystem An area that contain living organisms and non- living organisms.
Producers They are organisms that can make their own food and don't consume
other plants or animals.
Consumers They are organisms that eat other living organisms to get energy,
because they can't make their own food
Decomposers - They are organisms that carry out the decomposition process by
breaking down or decaying dead organisms.
- They always benefit the soil.
Food chain It is a model that shows one linear set of feeding relationships and
energy movement between living organisms
Prey Any animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal
Predator Any consumer that hunts and eat another animal
Top predator They are predators that exist at the top of the food chain such as
lions, sharks and crocodiles
Food web It is a model that shows many different feeding relationships among
living organisms
Pollution It is the harm that happens to air, water and soil
Population Is the number of organisms of one type of species.
- If the climate is suitable → population increases
- If the climate is unsuitable → population decrease.
Habitat Is the process of returning back a habitat to its natural state before
restoration harm was done
Nursery It is an area in the sea, where scientists take care of small pieces of
corals until they grow up and can be removed back to reefs

 When a predator, feed on a prey, it gains energy, so the energy
transfer from the predator to the prey.
10 % of this energy transfer between living organisms.
90 % of this energy is left to the decomposers, which return this
energy back to the soil.
Importance of coral reefs Coral bleaching
- They provide big numbers of fish  When water become warm
with food and shelter.  Coral reefs get rid of algae in their
- They are important for tourism. tissue
 They become white and cannot
survive.
 Plastic in the sea affect marine life, where they cannot

differentiate between plastic and real food.
Turtles Coral reefs
- They cannot differentiate between - Due to the effect of UV radiation of
jelly fish and a piece of plastic, and Sun, plastic products break down into
they get harmed micro-plastics.
- Coral reefs when they filter the water,
they ingest micro-plastics and get
harmed.
And if Corals disappear:
 Organism which depends on it for
food and shelter will die.
Microorganisms - They are producers( make their own

food)
- can't be seen by eyes, only by
microscope.
- Live in cold water &eaten by small fish.
Sea birds - live on top of mountains
- eat small fish.
Unit 2
Matter
• It is anything that has a mass and takes up space.(Volume)
 It is made up of tiny particles, seen by electron microscope.

 There are 3 states of matter
( Solid – Liquid – Gas)
Mixture Compound
A mixture is a matter formed of A compound is a matter formed
two or more materials. of two or more materials.
-Its components don't -Its components combine

combine chemically and don’t chemically to form new
form new substances. substance.
- No change in structure - Change in structure

- Physical properties - Chemical properties
- fruit salad, salty water, air - vinegar in baking soda
Separation of Mixture by:

1. Filtration → to separate different size particles.
2. Evaporation → to separate substance having different
temperature.

Point of comparison Particles of solid Particles of Particles of gas
matter liquid matter matter
Spaces between Very close together They have more They have a lot
particles : spaces but still of spaces (not
held together. held together)
Energy of particles : They have less They have more They have a lot
energy. energy. of energy
Movement of They vibrate around They move They move very

particles : their place. faster than solid. freely in all
directions.
Spreading of particles They can’t move They can slide They can spread
: from one place to over each other. out to fill up any
another. container.
Arrangement of Regular Random Random
particles : pattern(organized) arrangement. arrangement.
(not well (not organized
organized) at all)
Shape : Definite shape Not definite Not definite

shape shape
[
Physical properties Chemical properties

- No change in structure - Change in structure to form a
- seen by senses new substance.
- Change in color, shape, odor and
state.
- Cutting, Melting, Reshaping - Burning of wood
- Rusting of iron
- Rotten of fruits
- Fermentation of milk

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Science Capsule Primary 5

Stem 1. Supports leaves and flowers of the plants.

Xylem Transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves

Stomata 1. Pores on the surface of the leaves.

Phloem Transport the food downwards from the leaves to all

Seed Transport of seeds from one place to another.

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 1

 Basic needs of plants:

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 2

- The system that transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients in

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 3

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 4

 Plastic in the sea affect marine life, where they cannot

Microorganisms - They are producers( make their own

 It is made up of tiny particles, seen by electron microscope.

-Its components don't -Its components combine

- No change in structure - Change in structure

- fruit salad, salty water, air - vinegar in baking soda

Separation of Mixture by:

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 6

Movement of They vibrate around They move They move very

Shape : Definite shape Not definite Not definite

Physical properties Chemical properties

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : SCIENCE SPLASH DR MARIAN 7

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