A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN

SCIENCE

USING 5 E'S APPROACH

Topic: Layer of Soil

Submitted by:

Aregado, Kimberly G.

Astejada, Aime P.

Atienza, Maricar

Bulalacao, Althea Kyla D.

Leynes, Andrea Bae A.

Sollestre, Angel E.

Solleza, Mark Jencent

BEED-3B

Submitted to:

Ma’am Marites P. De Leon

I. Objectives:

A. Cognitive: Students will be able to explain the layers of soil using a simple
diagram or model with 90% accuracy by the end of the unit.

B. Affective: Students will participate actively in at least 80% of class

discussions and activities related to layers of the earth for period of time

C. Psychomotor: Students will design and build a model of layers of the soil
using simple material with 90% accuracy.

II. Subject Matter/Content:

C. Topic: Layers of Soil

D. Reference:

 National Science & Technology Center http://www.blm.gov/nstc/ soil/Kids/

 Soil-net http://www.soilnet.com
 Butler Soil & Water Conservation http://www.butlerswcd.org

E. Instructional Materials: Transparent Cup, Cookies, m&m chocolate, Peanut

butter, sprinkles, mock up, PowerPoint Presentation, and Big book

F. Value Integration: Students will demonstrate appreciation by listening

attentively and collaboratively to their peers during group discussions.

G. Subject Integration:Music, Arts and P.E

III. Learning Procedure

Pupil’s Activity
Teacher’s Activity

A. Engagement

Prayer

Class, let us all stand up for our prayer. Let

us all close our eyes and bow our heads. Father God,

Come be with us today.Fill our

hearts with joy.Fill our minds with
learning.Fill our classroom with
peace.Fill our lessons with fun.Fill
our friendships with kindness.Fill
our school with love.Amen.

Greetings

Hello ma’am!
Hi!
We’re good ma’am
How’s your day?
Wow that’s great!
For this morning, we are your
teachers for science subject.
But before we proceed, let me, and
my colleagues to introduce our
names.
By the way, I am teacher
Angel: Hello class, my name is teacher
Angel!
Jencent: Good morning class, I am teacher
Jencent!
Aime: I am teacher Aime
Maricar: I am teacher Maricar!
Althea: and I am teacher Althea!
Kim: and I am teacher Kim!
Are you excited to learn?
wow, that’s good. We are excited
too.

You may now take your seat.

3. Checking of attendance

Class, look at your seatmate, is there any

None Ma’am
absent with them?

Very good! Nobody is absent.

4. Classroom Rules

Before we start our lesson, let us recall our

classroom rules.

Everyone, please stand up to sing and (The students will stand and
dance on our classroom rules. dance)

https://youtu.be/iQxK-Ah7has?
si=QHYKGsg-gKVtSXh4

5. Review

Who among you still remember our lesson

yesterday? Me teacher!

What is our lesson all about yesterday Sound Energy teacher.

Very good!
Sound is an energy produced by
Again class what is Sound energy? vibrations. When any material
vibrates, it causes movement in
the particles which are called
sound waves.
Good job!
Teacher Sound waves travel the
What are Sound waves? slowest through gases, faster
through solids.

Very good!

6. Motivation

I've prepared here a box, you are going to

pick. You will pass the box in zigzag, while
passing the box i will play the music, when
the music stops, the one holding the box will
have the chance to pick a picture.

What can you say about the picture? Teacher, it is a picture of soil

What layer of soil is it? That is the first layer of soil

teacher.
Very good class!

How about you what can you say about the Teacher the picture is a soil also,
picture? but is like a mud.
Good job!

What are some differences you notice Teacher the first picture looks dry
between the two pictures? and crumbly, while the second
picture looks wet and muddy.

Wow very good!

B. Explore

Okay, let’s have another activity before

proceeding to the discussion. The class will
be divided into 3 groups. Each group will be
given a set of materials together with the
instruction. And also there are questions
that you need to answer after doing the
activity. You only have 8 minutes to do this
activity.

Materials Needed:

- Transparent Cup
- Cookies

- m&m chocolate

- Peanut butter

- sprinkles

Instruction: Read and follow the

steps/procedures below and answer the
following questions.

Procedures:

1. Prepare the cup.

2. Layer the ingredients:

 First Layer: Place the whole cookies at

the bottom.
 Second Layer: Put the M&M
chocolates on top of the whole cookies.
 Third Layer: Spread a layer of peanut
butter.
 Fourth Layer: Crush the cookies inside
a zip bag and put them on top of the
peanut butter.
 Final Layer: Place sprinkles on top.

Questions:

1. When preparing the cup, why is it

beneficial to use a clear cup for this
activity?
2. What does the sprinkles represent?
3. What do you notice about the texture
and appearance of the crushed
cookies?
4. When layering the peanut butter,
what do you observe about its
consistency compared to the other
ingredients?
5. How does the texture of the m&m
chocolate differ from the crushed
cookies,?
6. Why do you think it’s significant to
place the whole cookie on the
bottom, and how does it contribute to
the completion of the model?

For group 2:

Instruction: Read and follow the

steps/procedures below and answer the
following questions.

Materials:
- 1.5 plastic bottle

-Medium size sandstone

- Gravel

- Sand

-Black soil

-charcoal

-Grass

Procedures:

1. Prepare the cup.

2. Layer the ingredients:

 First Layer: Place the Medium size

sand stone
 ne bottom.
 Second Layer: Put the Gravel on top of
the Medium size sandstone.
 Third Layer: Spread a layer of sea
sand.
 Fourth Layer: Mix the black soil and
the charcoal and put into the top of sea
sand
 Final Layer: Place grass on top.

Questions:

1.When preparing the plastic bottle why

is it beneficial to use a clear plastic
bottle for this activity?

2.What does the grass represent?

3.What do you notice about the texture

and appearance of the black soil and
charcoal?

4.When layering the sea sand, what do

you observe about its consistency
compared to the other ingredients?

5.How does the texture of the sea sand

differ from the black soil?

6.Why do you think it’s significant to

place the medium stone on the bottom,
and how does it contribute to the
completion of the model?
 Yes ma’am!

(The students will read the

Are you done class?
instructions and will start doing the
activity.)

Yes ma’am.

C. Explain

Now let’s proceed to the presentation of (The student will present their work
your activity. Please proceed to the front and observations after doing the
group 1 and 2. activity.)

Possible answers:

1) When preparing the

cup/plastic, why is it
beneficial to use a clear cup
for this activity?
Good job everyone!
- Using a clear cup allows us to
see all the different layers we've
Great observation! Just like how a clear cup
created. It makes it easier to
or the plastic bottle helps us see the
observe how each layer is placed
different layers we've created, in nature,
and how they look together.
each soil layer (from the ground level to the
bedrock) has unique characteristics and
roles. Seeing these layers clearly helps us
understand the structure and function of the
soil.
2) What do the sprinkles/grass
represent?

- The sprinkles can represent tiny

particles or seeds on the surface.
They add color and a decorative
finish to the top layer."

The sprinkles or grass can be compared to

the ground level in soil. This is where
plants and animals live, keeping the soil
healthy. Decomposers such as bugs,
bacteria, and fungi break down dead plants
and animals, recycling nutrients—similar to
3) What do you notice about
how the sprinkles/grass add the final touch the texture and appearance
to your model. of the crushed
cookies/charcoal?

- The crushed cookies are crumbly

and look like small, rough pieces.
They have a dark color and a
crunchy texture.

The crushed cookies or the black and

charcoal can be likened to the topsoil in
nature. Topsoil is often referred to as the
organic layer. It is rich in organic material,
known as humus, which gives it a dark color
and odor. This layer is vital for plant growth
and nutrient cycling. It is rich in nutrients, 4) When layering the peanut
oxygen, and water. This is the layer that butter/sea sand, what do
MUST be PROTECTED! you observe about its
consistency compared to
the other ingredients?

- The peanut butter/sea sand is

thick and sticky. It spreads more
slowly and evenly compared to the
other ingredients, which are either
crumbly or hard."

The peanut butter/sea sand layer

represents the subsoil in real soil. Subsoil
is dense and contains fewer organic
materials compared to topsoil, but it is rich
in minerals that support plant roots. Tree 5) How does the texture of the
roots and earthworms live here. Its M&M chocolate/Gravel differ
thickness helps hold the structure together, from the crushed cookies?
similar to how peanut butter/sea sand holds
the layers in your model. - The M&M chocolates/Gravel are
smooth and round compared to
the rough and crumbly texture of
the crushed cookies. They also
add a pop of color.
The smooth M&M chocolates/Gravel
represent the weathered parent material
in soil. This horizon can be very deep.
There’s no organic matter here at all. We’re
out of reach of all living and dead organisms 6) Why do you think it’s
down here. It’s all rock particles that are full significant to place the
of minerals. This layer may contain rock whole cookie/Sandstone on
particles that are different from the bedrock the bottom, and how does it
below. contribute to the completion
of the model?

- Placing the whole

cookie/sandstone on the bottom
provides a stable base for the
other layers. It helps keep the
structure of the model intact and
supports the other ingredients on
top."

The whole cookie/sandstone acts like the

bedrock in soil. Bedrock is the solid,
foundational layer that supports all the soil
layers above it. It provides stability and
structure, just as the whole cookie/sand
stone does in your model, ensuring
everything stays in place.

D. Elaborate

Did you enjoy and understand the lesson

class?
Yes Teacher.
That sounds fun! I'm excited to see what we
can create with nature's materials. I will
group you into 4 Groups.

Here are the materials I provided:

Large transparent jars or plastic cups

Topsoil: Fine Sand
Subsoil: Coarse sand
Parent Material: Grava o small river rocks
Bedrock: Large stones
Buoy or small stick
Paper labels
Glue and marker

Each group will be given a transparent jar or

plastic cup. Then you will place the different
types of soil in the correct order in the jar,
starting with the bedrock, then the parent
material, subsoil, and topsoil. Layer the
rocks between the subsoil and parent
material to demonstrate the shifting of
layers. After that, label each layer using
paper and glue. Use a buoy or a small stick
to show the growth of the plant from the
topsoil.

After making their soil layer model each

group will share their soil layer model with
the class. (The students will explain the main
layers of the soil.)

After they presented their Soil layer model,

they can go back to their desk and answer
the following questions.

Questions:

1. Why is topsoil important for plants?

Topsoil is important for plants

because it has nutrients that plants
need to grow big and strong, like
vitamins and minerals.
2. How does the bedrock affect the soil
above it? Bedrock is like the foundation of
the soil. It's the hard rock
underneath that helps hold
everything together.

3. Are all soils the same?

No, all soils are not the same! Just
like people have different hair
colors, soils come in different
textures and colors. Some are
good for growing certain plants,
while others are better for different
4. What type of soil do you think is good for plants.
crops?

A type of soil called loam is really

good for crops. It's like a mix of
sand and clay, which helps it hold
5. What are the 4 layers of the soil? water and nutrients, but also
allows air to reach the roots.

The 4 layers of soil are Topsoil,

 Subsoil, Parent Material, and
Bedrock
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

Illustrating Soil Layers. Draw the soil

layer, make it more creative and label each
layer.

1. Ground level

2. (The students will have a copy of

the activity and do the activity.)

3.

4.

5. Bedrock

Generalization:

Questions:

1. What did you learn about our topic for

today?

1. We learned that soil is made up

of different layers, like a cake!
2. Do you have any ideas or new Each layer has a different texture,
knowledge that has formed in your minds color, and composition.
when you heard about layers of the soil?
2. I learned that soil is important
for all living things and takes a
long time to form, so we need to
3. Can anyone explain what the difference
be careful not to destroy it.
between each soil layers are?
 3. Topsoil is the top layer, rich in
nutrients and good for plants.
Subsoil is below, less fertile but
still important. Weathered bedrock
is below that, made of broken
rocks. Bedrock is the solid rock at
the bottom.

E. Evaluation

Okay, now let's see if you've understood our

topic. We're going to play a game to test if
you've been listening and learning. Do you
know the game Family Feud? That's what
we're going to play.

Instruction:

I will divide you into two teams. I will then

pose a question related to our discussion.
The first team to buzz will have the
opportunity to answer first. If the first team
is unable to provide a correct answer, the
other team will have a chance. If neither
team can provide all the correct answers to
a question, points may be transferred to the
opposite team. If they provide a correct
answer, they will earn points.

1. Imagine you’re a curious mole burrowing

through the Earth. As you dig deeper, what
layers of the soil would you encounter, from
the surface down to the Earth crust?

Ans: Ground soil, Top soil, Sub soil,

Weathered parent materials, Bedrock.

2. Why is topsoil considered the most

important layer of soil for plant growth?

Ans: Rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water.

3. Why is the often-overlooked subsoil

crucial for the long-term health and vitality
of our garden?

Ans: mineral storage, water storage, root

growth, filtering water.

4. What natural events can expose bedrock

to the surface? (The students will do the activity)

Answer: Erosion and earthquakes

5. Why is it crucial to avoid compacting the

subsoil?
Ans: Reduce water infiltration, Impaired
Root Growth.

Assignment

Okay, now class I will give you an

assignment about our topic today.

Materials: Pencil, paper, colored pencils or

marker.

Instruction: Observe a soil profile (either a

picture or a real-life example). Draw the
different layers, labeling each layer with its
name and key characteristic.