Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4

{ks=fefr

21 fVIi.kh

Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru

fiNys ikB es]a vkius vk;rkas] oxks]Za f=Hkqtks]a leyacks]a o`Ùkks]a bR;kfn tSlh lery vkd`fr;ksa ds
ifjekiksa vkSj {ks=Qyksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u fd;k gSA ;s lery vkd`fr;k¡ blfy, dgykrh
gS]a D;ksfa d buesa ls izR;sd iw.kZ :i ls ,d gh ry esa fLFkr gksrh gSAa ijarq nSfud thou es]a
gesa tks vf/kdka'kr% oLrq,a ns[kus dks feyrh gS]a iw.kZ :i ls ,d gh ry esa fLFkr ugha gksrh
gSAa buesa ls dqN oLrq,a bZV]sa xsna ]sa vkblØhe dksu] Mªe] bR;kfn gSAa ;s oLrq,a Bksl oLrq,a ;k
f=foeh; (Three dimensional) oLrq,a dgykrh gSAa bu Bksl a ks dks fu:fir djus okyh
vkd`fr;k¡ Bksl vkd`fr;k¡ ;k f=foeh; vkd`fr;k¡ dgykrh gSAa
dqN lkekU; Bksl vkd`fr;k¡ /kukHk] /ku] csyu] “kadq vkSj xksyk gSA bl ikB es]a ge bu lHkh
Bkslksa ds i`’Bh; {ks=Qyksa vkSj vk;ruksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u djsx
a sA

mís';
bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds ckn] vki leFkZ gks tk,axs fd
• ,d Bksl vkd`fr ds i`’Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ds vFkksZa dk Li’V dj lds(a
• ,slh fLFkfr;ksa dh igpku dj lds]a tgk¡ i`’Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr djus dh vko”;drk
gS rFkk tgk¡ vk;ru Kkr djus dh vko”;drk gS(
• laxr lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds] /kukHkks]a /kuks]a csyuks]a “kadqvks]a xksyksa vkSj v/kZxksyksa ds i`’Bh;
{ks=Qy Kkr dj lds(a
• laxr lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds] /kukHkks]a /kuks]a csyuks]a “kadqvks]a xksyksa vkSj v/kZxksyksa ds vk;ru
Kkr dj lds(a
• mijksDr Bksl vkd`fr;ksa ds i`’Bh; {ks=Qyksa vkSj vk;ruksa ls lEcaf/kr dqN nSfud thou
dh leL;kvksa dks gy dj ldsAa

xf.kr 511
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
vkisf{kr iwoZ Kku
• lery ljy js[kh; vkd`fr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy
• o`r dh ifjf/k vkSj {ks=Qy
fVIi.kh
• la[;kvksa ij pkjksa vk/kkjHkwr lafØ;k,a
• ,d ;k nks pjksa okys lehdj.kksa dk gy djuk

21-1 i`’Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ds vFkZ

vkd`fr 21.1 esa nh gqbZ fuEu oLrqvksa dks nsf[k, %

vkÑfr 21.1
T;kferh; :i ls bu oLrqvksa dks f=foeh; ;k Bksl vkd`fr;ksa ds :i esa fuEu izdkj fu:fir
fd;k tkrk gS:
oLrq Bksl vkd`fr
bZVa ] vyekjh ?kukHk
iklk] pk; dk iSdsV ?ku
Mªe] ikmMj dk fMCck csyu
tksdj dh Vksih] vkblØhe dksu “kadq
QqVcky] xsna xksyk
dVksjk v/kZxksyk

512 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
vkidks ;kn gksxk fd vk;r ,slh vkd`fr gS tks dsoy viuh Hkqtkvksa ls fey dj cuh gksrh
gSA vkidks ;g Hkh ;kn gksxk fd vk;r dh lHkh Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;ksa dk ;ksx mldk
ifjeki dgykrk gS rFkk mlds }kjk ifjc} ¼/ksjs x,½ {ks= dh eki dks mldk {ks=Qy
dgykrk gSA blh izdkj ,d f=Hkqt dh rhuksa Hkqtkvksa dk ;ksx mldk ifjeki rFkk f=Hkqt
}kjk ifjc} {ks= dh eki mldk {ks=Qy dgykrk gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa lery vkd`fr] vFkkZr fVIi.kh
f=Hkqt ;k vk;r dh ifjlhek dh eki mldk ifjeki dgykrh gS rFkk ml lery vkd`fr
}kjk ifjc} ryh; {ks= dh eki mldk {ks=Qy dgykrh gSA
blh ijaijk dk ikyu djrs gq,] ,d Bksl vkd`fr dsoy mldh ifjlhek ¼vFkkZr ckgjh i`’B½
ls cuh gqbZ gksrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ,d /kukHk dsoy mlds N% vk;rkdkj {ks=ksa ls feydj
curk gS ¼tks mlds Qyd dgykrs gS½a A blh izdkj] xksyk dsoy mldh ckgjh i`’B ;k
ifjlhek ls gh cuk gSA lery vkd`fr;ksa dh gh rjg] Bksl vkd`fr;ksa dks Hkh nks rjhdksa ls
ekik tk ldrk gS] tSlk uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gS%
(1) Bksl dks cukus okyh ckgjh i`"B ;k ifjlhek dks ekiukA ;g Bksl vkd`fr dk i`"Bh;
{ks=Qy (Surface area) dgykrk gS
(2) Bksl vkd`fr }kjk ifjc} Lisl {ks= (Space Region) dks ekiukA ;g Bksl vkd`fr dk
vk;ru (Volume) dgykrk gSA
vr%] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd i`’Bh; {ks=Qy Lo;a fdlh Bksl vkd`fr dh eki gksrh gS
rFkk vk;ru ml Bksl vkd`fr }kjk ifjc} Lisl {ks= dh eki gksrh gSA ftl izdkj {ks=Qy
oxZ bdkb;ksa esa ekik tkrk gS] mlh izdkj vk;ru dks ?ku bdkb;ksa (Cubic units) esa ekirs
gSAa ;fn bl bdkbZ dks 1 lseh Hkqtk okyk ,d ?ku fy;k tk,] rks vk;ru dh bdkbZ lseh3
gksrh gS] ;fn bls 1 eh Hkqtk okyk ?ku ys]a rks vk;ru dh bdkbZ eh3 gksrh gS] bR;kfnA
nSfud thou es]a gekjs lEeq[k vusd ,slh fLFkfr;k¡ vkrh gS]a tc gesa i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr
djus dh vko;drk gksrh gS rFkk vusd fLFkfr;k¡ ,slh Hkh gksrh gS]a tc gesa vk;ru Kkr djus
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn ge fdlh dejs dh nhokjksa vkSj Nr ij lQsnh
djkuk pkgrs gS]a rks gesa nhokjksa vkSj Nr dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr djuk gksxkA nwljh vksj]
;fn ge fdlh crZu esa nw/k ;k ikuh j[kuk pkgrs gSa ;k fdlh xksnke esa vukt j[kuk pkgrs
gS]a rks gesa vk;ru Kkr djus dh vko';drk gksxhA G
H

21-2 ?kukHk vkSj ?ku

C
tSlk igys crk;k tk pqdk gS fd bZVa ] pkWd dk fMCck] D

ekfpl dh fMCch] iqLrd] bR;kfn ,d ?kukHk (Cuboid)

ds mnkgj.k gSAa vkd`fr 21.2 ,d ?kukHk fu:fir E
djrh gSA vkd`fr ls ;g ljyrk ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS F

fd ,d ?kukHk ds vk;rkdkj {ks=ksa ds :i ea N% Qyd

(Faces) gksrs gSaA A B
vkÑfr 21.2
xf.kr 513
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
;s ABCD, ABFE, BCGF, EFGH, ADHE vkSj CDHG gSAa buesa ls lEeq[k Qyd ABEF
vkSj CDHG, ABCD vkSj EFGH rFkk ADHE vkSj BCGH Øe'k% ijLij lokZx a le vkSj
lekarj gSAa nks vklUu Qyd ,d js[kk[kaM ij feyrs gS]a tks ?kukHk dk ,d fdukjk ;k dksj
(Edge) dgykrk gSAa mnkgjkFkZ] Qyd ABCD vkSj ABFE fdukjs AB ij feyrs gSaA ,d
fVIi.kh ?kukHk ds dqy 12 fdukjs gksrs gSAa fcanq A,B,C,D,E,F,G vkSj H ?kukHk ds dksus ;k “kh’kZ
(Vertices) dgykrs gSAa vr% ,d ?kukHk ds 8 'kh"kZ ;k dksus gksrs gSaA

;g Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd izR;sd 'kh"kZ ij rhu fdukjs feyrs gSAa bu rhuksa esa ls ,d dks
yackbZ dgk tkrk gSA nwljs fdukjs dks pkSMk+ bZ rFkk rhljs fdukjs dks Å¡pkbZ ¼;k xgjkbZ½ dgk
tkrk gSA bUgsa izk;% Øe”k% l, b vkSj h ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj] ge dg ldrs
gSa fd AB (= EF = CD = GH) ?kukHk dh yackbZ gS] AE (=BF = CG = DH) pkSM+kbZ gS rFkk
AD (= EH = BC = FG) mldh Å¡pkbZ gSA

/;ku nhft, fd rhu Qyd ABFE, AEHD vkSj EFGH ?kukHk ds 'kh"kZ E ij feyrsa gSa rFkk
buds lEeq[k Qyd DCGH, BFGC vkSj ABCD 'kh"kZ C ij feyrs gSaA vr% E vkSj C ?kukHk
ds lEeq[k dksus ;k 'kh"kZ dgykrs gSaA E vkSj C dks feykus okyk js[kk[k.M EC bl ?kukHk
dk ,d fod.kZ dgykrk gSA blh izdkj] bl ?kukHk ds vU; fod.kZ AG, BH vkSj FD gSaA
,d ?kukHk ds dqy pkj fod.kZ gksrs gSA
i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
l
h H G
h
D C C
D
b b
h
h A B E F
h h A b
l B
l
(i) (ii)
vkÑfr 21.3
vkd`fr 21.3 (i) dks nsf[k,A ;fn bls fcanqfdr js[kkvksa ds vuqfn'k eksMk+ tk,] rks ;g vkd`fr
21.3 (ii) esa n'kkZ;k x;k vkdkj ys ysrh gS] tks ,d ?kukHk gSA Li’Vr% vkd`fr 21.3 (ii) esa izkIr
bl ?kukHk dh yackbZ ] pkSMk+ bZ vkSj Å¡pkbZ Øe'k% l, b vkSj h gSAa blds i`’Bh; {ks=Qy ds
ckjs esa vki D;k dg ldrs gS\a Li"Vr% bl ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkd`fr 21.3 (i) esa lHkh
N% vk;rksa ds {ks=Qyksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gSA
bl izdkj] ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
= l×b + b×h + h×l +l×b +b×h +h×l
= 2(lb + bh + hl)

514 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
vkd`fr 21.3 (ii) es,a vkb, BE vkSj EC dks feyk,a (nsf[k, vkd`fr 21.4)
gesa izkIr gS :
H G
BE = AB +AE (D;ksfa d ∠EAB = 90 gS)a
2 2 2 o

D
;k BE2 = l2 + b2 -(1) C
fVIi.kh
h
lkFk gh, EC2 = BC2 + BE2 (D;ksfa d ∠CBE = 90o gS)a E F
b
;k EC2 = h2 + l2 + b2 [(i) ls] A l B

vr% , EC = l 2 + b 2 + h 2 . vkd`fr 21.4

blfy,] ,d ?kukHk dk fod.kZ = l 2 + b2 + h2.

ge tkurs gSa fd ?ku ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk ?kukHk gksrk gS] ftlesa yackbZ = pkSMk+ bZ = Å¡pkbZ
gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ l = b = h gSA
vr% fdukjs a okys ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
= 2 (a×a + a×a + a×a)
= 6a2

rFkk mldk fod.kZ = a 2 + a 2 + a 2 = a 3

fVIi.kh: vkd`fr 21.3 (i), vkd`fr 21.3 (ii) esa fn, ?kukHk dk ,d tky ;k usV (Net)
dgykrk gSA
vk;ru:
+ j vkd`fr 21.5 esa n”kkZ, vuqlkj
1 lseh Hkqtk okys dqN bdkbZ ?ku yhft, rFkk mUgsa tksMd
,d ?kukHk cukb,A

3 lseh

4 lseh

5 lseh
vkd`fr 21.5

xf.kr 515
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
bu /kuksa dks fxu dj vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd ;g ?kukHk 60 bdkbZ ?kuksa ls fey dj cuk gSA
vr% bldk vk;ru = 60 ?ku lseh ;k 60 lseh3 gS D;ksfa d bl fLFkfr es]a 1 bdkbZ ?ku dk eku
1 lseh3.

fVIi.kh vki ;g Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa fd yackbZ × pkSMk+ bZ × mapkbZ = 5×4×3 lseh3
= 60 lseh3

vki bdkbZ ?kuksa dh fHkUu&fHkUu la[;k,a ysdj vU; ?kukHk cuk ldrs gSa rFkk bu bdkbZ ?kuksa
dks fxu dj blds vk;ru Kkr dj ldrs gSAa vki lnSo ;g ik,axs fd ?kukHk dk vk;ru
?kukHk dk vk;ru = yackbZ × pkSM+kbZ × Å¡pkbZ
vFkkZr~ ?kukHk dk vk;ru = lbh
lkFk gh] ,d ?ku ,slk ?kukHk gS ftlesa l = b = h gSA
vr% Hkqtk a okys ?ku dk vk;ru = a×a×a× =a3 gSA
vkb, vc bu lw=ksa ds iz;ksx dks Li"V djus ds fy,] dqN mnkgj.k ysAa
mnkgj.k 21.1: ,d ?kukHk dh yackbZ] pkSMk+ bZ vkSj Å¡pkbZ Øe'k% 4 lseh] 3 lseh vkSj 12 lseh
gSAa Kkr dhft,%
(i) i`"Bh; {ks=Qy] (ii) vk;ru vkSj (iii) fod.kZ

gy: (i) ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy

= 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2 (4×3+3×12+12×4) lseh2

= 2 (12 + 36 + 48) lseh2 = 192 lseh2

(ii) ?kukHk dk vk;ru = lbh

= 4 × 3 × 12 lseh3 = 144 lseh3

(iii) ?kukHk dk fod.kZ = l 2 + b2 + h2.
= 4 2 + 32 + 122 lseh
= 16 + 9 + 144 lseh
= 169 lseh = 13 lseh

mnkgj.k 21.2: yackbZ 3 eh] pkSMk+ bZ 2 eh vkSj eksVkbZ 25 lseh okys ,d ?kukHkkdkj iRFkj ds
LySc dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
gy: ;gk¡ l = 3 eh, b = 2 eh vkSj

516 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
25 1
h = 25 lseh = = eh
100 4
(/;ku nhft, fd ;gka rhljh foek eksVkbZ] ÅapkbZ ds LFkku ij gSA)

vr% okafNr vk;ru = lbh

fVIi.kh
1
= 3×2× eh3 = 1.5eh3
4
mnkgj.k 21.3 : fdlh ?ku dk vk;ru 2197 lseh3 gSA bldk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj fod.kZ
Kkr dhft,A
gy : eku yhft, fd ?ku dk fdukjk a lseh gSA
vr% bldk vk;ru = a3 eh3
vr% fn;s gq, iz'u ls] gesa izkIr gksrk gS(
a3 = 2197
;k a3 = 13×13×13

vr%] a = 13

vFkkZr ?ku dk fdukjk = 13 lseh gSA

vc] ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 6a2
= 6 ×13×13 lseh2

= 1014 lseh2

bldk fod.kZ = a 3 lseh = 13 3 lseh

bl izdkj] ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 1014 lseh2 gS rFkk fod.kZ 13 3 lseh gSA
mnkgj.k 21.4 : ,d ?kukHkdkj Vadh dh yackbZ vkSj pkSMk+ bZ Øe'k% 5 eh vkSj 4 eh gSaA ;fn
;g ikuh ls lEiw.kZ :i ls Hkjh gqbZ gS] rFkk blesa 60 eh3 ikuh gS] rks Vadh esa ikuh dh xgjkbZ
Kkr dhft,A
gy: eku yhft, fd xgjkbZ d ehVj gSA
vr%] Vadh esa ikuh dk vk;ru
= l×b×h

= 5×4×d eh3

vr%] fn;s gq, iz'u ds vuqlkj]

xf.kr 517
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
5×4 ×d = 60

60
;k d= eh = 3eh
5× 4

fVIi.kh vr% Vadh esa ikuh dh xgjkbZ 3eh gSaA

uksV% fdlh crZu ds vk;ru dks izk;% mldh /kkfjrk dgk tkrk gSA vr% ;gk¡ ;g dgk
tk ldrk gS fd Vadh dh /kkfjrk 60 eh3 gSA /kkfjrk dks yhVjksa ds :i esa Hkh O;Dr fd;k
1
tkrk gS] tgk¡ 1 yhVj = eh 3 , vFkkZr ~, 1 eh 3 = 1000 yhVj gksrk gSA
1000

vr%] ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl Vadh dh /kkfjrk 60 × 1000 yhVj = 60000 yhVj
gSA ;g Hkh ,d tkuus ;ksX; ckr gS fd nzoksa dks yhVjksa esa ekik tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k 21.5 : 1.5 eh yack] 1.25 eh pkSM+k rFkk 65 lseh xgjk ,d vk;rkdkj ydM+h dk
fMOck cuk;k tkrk gS] tks Åij ls [kqyk gSA ydM+h dh eksVkbZ dks ux.; ekurs gq,] ` 200
izfr eh2 dh nj ls bl fMCcs dks cuokus esa yxh ydM+h dh ykxr Kkr dhft,A
gy : vko';d ydM+h dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
= lb + 2bh + 2hl (D;ksfa d fMCck Åij ls [kqyk gSA)

65 65
= (1.5×1.25 + 2×1.25 × +2× ×1.5) eh2
100 100

162.5 195
= (1.875 + + ) eh2
100 100

= (1.875 + 1.625 + 1.95) eh2 = 5.450 eh2

vr% ` 200 izfr eh2 dh nj ls ydM+h dh ykxr

= ` 200 × 5.450
= ` 1090
mnkgj.k 21.6 : 10 eh xgjh vkSj 100 eh pkSMh+ ,d unh 4.5 fdeh izfr ?kaVs dh nj ls cg
jgh gSA bl unh ls leqna z esa izfr lSds.M fxjus okys ikuh dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
gy : unh esa ikuh ds izokg dh nj = 4.5 fdeh/?kaVk
4.5 × 1000
= ehVj@lSds.M
60 × 60

518 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
4500
= ehVj@lSds.M
3600

5
= ehVj@lSds.M
4 fVIi.kh
vr% izfr lSds.M esa fxjus okys ikuh dk vk;ru = ?kukHk dk vk;ru
= l × b× h

5
= × 100 × 10 eh3
4

= 1250 eh3

mnkgj.k 21.7: 588 eh yacs vkSj 50 eh pkSMs+ ,d vk;rkdkj [ksr esa ,d 30 eh yach] 10 eh
pkSM+h vkSj 12 eh xgjh ,d Vadh [kksnh tkrh gSA bl izdkj [kksn dj fudkyh xbZ feV~Vh dks
[ksr ds 'ks"k Hkkx esa ,dleku :i ls QSyk fn;k tkrk gSA blls [ksr dh c<+h gqbZ ÅapkbZ
Kkr dhft,A
gy% [kksnh xbZ feV~Vh dk vk;ru ¾ 30 eh × 20 eh × 12 eh okys ?kukHk dk vk;ru
= 30 × 20 × 12 eh3 = 7200 eh3
[ksr ds 'ks"k Hkkx dk {ks=Qy
= [ksr dk {ks=Qy – Vadh ds Åijh Hkkx dk {ks=Qy

= 588 × 50 eh2 – 30 × 20 eh2

= 29400 eh2 – 600 eh2

= 28800 eh2

vr%] [ksr dh c<+h ÅapkbZ

[kksnh xbZ feV~Vh dk vk;ru
=
[ksr ds 'ks" k Hkkx dk {ks«kQy
7200 1
= eh = eh = 25 lseh
28800 4

mnkgj.k 21.8: fdlh dejs dh yackbZ] pkSMk+ bZ vkSj ÅapkbZ Øe'k% 7 eh, 4 eh vkSj 3 eh gSaA
1 1
blesa Øe'k% foekvksa 2 eh ×1 eh vkSj 1 eh × 1 eh okyk 1 njoktk vkSj 1 f[kM+dh gSA
2 2
bl dejs dh nhokjksa vkSj Nr ij ` 4 izfr eh2 dh nj ls lQsnh djkus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A

xf.kr 519
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
gy: dejs dk vkdkj ,d ?kukHk tSlk gSA
lQsnh djk, tkus okyk {ks=Qy = pkjksa nhokjksa dk {ks=Qy
+ Nr dk {ks=Qy
– njokts dk {ks=Qy – f[kM+dh dk {ks=Qy
fVIi.kh
pkjksa nhokjksa dk {ks=Qy = l×h+b×h+l×h+b×h
= 2(l+b)×h
= 2(7+4)×3 eh2 = 66 eh2

Nr dk {ks=Qy = l×b
= 7×4 eh2 = 28eh2
1 2 1
vr% dejs esa lQsnh djkus okyk {ks=Qy = 66 eh2 + 28 eh2 – 2 × 1 eh – 1 × 1 eh2
2 2
3 2
= 94 eh2 – 3 eh2 – eh
2
(188 – 6 – 3) 2
= eh
2
179 2
= eh
2
vr%]
` 4 izfr eh2 dh nj ls lQsnh djkus dk O;;

179
=`4× = ` 358
2

fVIi.kh: vki pkjksa nhokjksa ds {ks=Qy ds fy,] lh/ks lw= ds :i esa pkjksa nhokjksa dk {ks=Qy
= 2 (l + b) × h dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gaSA

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 21-1

1. yackbZ 6 eh, pkSMk+ bZ 3 eh vkSj ÅapkbZ 2.5 eh okys ,d ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj
vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
2. fdukjs 3-6 lseh okys ,d ?ku ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A

3. ml ?ku dk fdukjk Kkr dhft,] ftldk vk;ru 3375 lseh3 gSA bl ?ku dk i`"Bh;
{ks=Qy Hkh Kkr dhft,A

520 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
4. fdlh can ydM+h ds fMCcs dh ckgjh foHkk,a 42 lseh × 32 lseh × 27 lseh gSaA ;fn ydM+h
dh eksVkbZ 1 lseh gS] rks bl fMCcs dk vkarfjd vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
5. fdlh xksnke dh yackbZ] pkSMk+ bZ vkSj ÅapkbZ Øe'k% 12 ehVj] 8 ehVj rFkk 6 ehVj gSAa
bl xksnke esa ,sls fdrus fMCcsa j[ks tk ldrs gS]a tcfd izR;sd fMCck 1.5 eh 3 LFkku ?ksjrk
fVIi.kh
gS\
6. ,d ydM+h ds 'kgrhj dh yackbZ vkSj i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftldh pkSMk+ bZ 3 eh,
eksVkbZ 75 lseh vkSj vk;ru 33.75 eh3 gSA
7. fdukjs 8 lseh okys rhu ?kuksa dks fljs ls fljk feykdj ,d ?kukHk cuk;k tkrk gSA bl
?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
8. ,d dejk 6 eh yack] 5 eh pkSM+k vkSj 4 eh Åapk gSSA bl dejs dh njokts vkSj f[kM+fd;ka
4 oxZ ehVj LFkku ?ksjrh gSAa dejs dh pkjksa nhokjksa ds 'ks"k Hkkx ij 75 lseh pkSMk+ dkxt
` 2.40 izfr ehVj dh nj ls yxokus dh ykxr Kkr dhft,A

9. foHkkvksa 6 eh × 4 eh ×3 eh okys ,d dejs esa j[kh tk ldus okyh lcls vf/kd yach
NM+ dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A

21-3 yac o`Rrh; csyu

C B
vkb, ,d vk;r ABCD dks mlds ,d fdukjs] eku yhft, AB ds
pkjksa vksj ?kqek,aA bl ifjHkze.k }kjk tfur Bksl ,d yac o`Rrh;
csyu (Right circular cylinder) dgykrk gS (nsf[k, vkd`fr 21.6)A
nSfud thou esa gesa ,sls vusd Bksl feyrs gS]a tSls ikuh ds ikbi]
fVuksa ds fMCcs] Mªe] ikmMj ds fMCcs] bR;kfnA ;g ns[kk tk ldrk D A
gS fd ,d yac o`Rrh; csyu ds nksuksa fljs ¼;k vk/kkj½ lokZx a le o`r
gSaA vkd`fr 21.6, esa] A vkSj B bu nksuksa o`Rrksa ds dsna z gS]a ftudh vkd`fr 21.6
f=T;k,a AD (= BC) gSaA lkFk gh] AB bu nksuksa o`Rrksa ij yac gSA
;gka AD (;k BC) csyu dh vk/kkj f=T;k rFkk AB ÅapkbZ dgykrh gSA ;g Hkh ns[kk tk
ldrk gS fd nksuksa o`Rrkdkj fljksa ls cuk i`"B likV (Flat) gS] rFkk 'ks"k i`"B oØh;
(Curved) gSA

i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
vkb, f=T;k r vkSj ÅapkbZ h dk ,d [kks[kyk csyu ysa rFkk mls nksuksa o`Rrh; fljksa ds dsna zksa
dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M ds lekUrj fdlh js[kk ds vuqfn'k dkVsAa nsf[k, vkd`fr 21.7(i)]A
gesa ,d vk;r izkIr gksrk gS ftldh yackbZ 2 π r vkSj ÅapkbZ h gSa] tSlk fd vkd`fr 21.7 (ii)
esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS] Li"Vr%] bl vk;r dks {ks=Qy csyu ds oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy ds cjkcj gSA

xf.kr 521
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
2πr
r

h h
h
fVIi.kh

(i) (ii)
vkd`fr 21.7
vr% csyu dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
¾ vk;r dk {ks=Qy
= 2 π r × h = 2 π rh
;fn csyu can gks] rks csyu dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
= 2 π rh + 2 π r2
= 2 π r (r + h)
vk;ru
,d ?kukHk dh fLFkfr es]a geus ns[kk Fkk fd mldk vk;ru = l × b × h
= vk/kkj dk {ks=Qy × ÅapkbZ

bl fu;e dks ,d yac o`Rrh; csyu ¼;g dYiuk djrs gq, fd ;g vifjfer :i ls vusd
NksVs ?kukHkksa ls cuk gS½a ds ykxw djrs gq,] gesa izkIr gksrk gSA
yac o`Rrh; csyu dk vk;ru
= vk/kkj dk {ks=Qy × ÅapkbZ
= π r2 × h
= π r2h
vc] ge bu lw=ksa dk mi;ksx n'kkZus ds fy, dqN mnkgj.k ysrs gSAa bl ikB esa tc rd
22
vU;Fkk u dgk tk,] ge π = dk iz;ksx djsx
a sAa
7

mnkgj.k 21.9: fdlh yac o`Rrh; csyu dh f=T;k vkSj ÅapkbZ Øe'k% 7 lseh vkSj 10 lseh
gSA Kkr dhft, bldk %
(i) oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy

(ii) dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy

522 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
(iii) vk;ru

gy : (i) oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2 π rh

22
= 2× × 7 × 10 lseh 2 = 440 lseh 2
7 fVIi.kh

(ii) dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2 π rh + 2 π r2

22 22
= (2 × × 7 × 10 + 2 × × 7 × 7) lseh 2
7 7

= 440 lseh2 + 308 lseh2 = 748 lseh2

(iii) vk;ru = π r2h

22
= × 7 × 7 × 10 lseh 3
7

= 1540 lseh3

mnkgj.k 21.10: /kkrq dk ,d [kks[kyk csyukdkj ikbi nksuksa fljksa ij [kqyk gS rFkk bldk
ckgjh O;kl 12 lseh gSAa ;fn ikbi dh yackbZ 70 lseh gS rFkk iz;qDr /kkrq dh eksVkbZ 1 lseh
gS] rks bl ikbi dks cukus esa iz;qDr /kkrq dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
gy : ;gk¡] ikbi dh ckgjh f=T;k
12
= lseh = 6 lseh
2

vr% bldh vkarfjd f=T;k = (6–1) = 5 lseh (D;ksfa d /kkrq dh eksVkbZ = 1 lseh gSA)
/;ku nhft, fd ,d rjhds ls ;gka nks csyu cus gSa
rFkk iz;qDr /kkrq dk vk;ru
¾ ckgjh csyu dk vk;ru – Hkhrjh csyu dk vk;ru
= π r12h – π r22h (tgk¡ r1 vkSj r2 Øe'k% ckgjh vkSj Hkhrjh f=T;k,a gSa½

⎛ 22 22 ⎞
= ⎜ × 6 × 6 × 70 – × 5 × 5 × 70 ⎟ lseh 3
⎝ 7 7 ⎠

= 22 × 10 × (36 – 25) lseh 3

= 2420 lseh3

xf.kr 523
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
mnkgj.k 21.11: fdlh jksM jksyj dh f=T;k 35 lseh gS vkSj bldh yackbZ 1 ehVj gSA ;fn
;g fdlh [ksy ds eSnku dks pkSjl djus ds fy, 200 pDdj yxkrk gS] rks ` 3 izfr eh2 dh
nj ls ml eSnku dks pkSjl djkus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A
gy % ,d pDdj esa jksyj }kjk pkSjl fd;k x;k
fVIi.kh
{ks=Qy = jksyj dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
22
= 2πrh = 2 × × 35 × 100 lseh2 (r = 35 lseh, h = 1 eh = 100 lseh)
7

= 22000 lseh2

22000
= eh2
100 × 100

(D;ksfa d 100 lseh = 1 eh, vr% 100 lseh × 100 lseh = 1 eh × 1 eh)

= 2.2 eh2

vr% 200 pDdjksa esa eSnku dk pkSjl fd;k {ks=Qy = 2.2 × 200 eh2 = 440 eh2
vr% eSnku dks ` 3 izfr eh2 ls pkSjl djkus dk O;; = ` 3 × 440 = ` 1320
mnkgj.k 21.12: vk;ru 1 eh3 okyh ,d Bksl /kkrq dks fi?kykdj 3.5 feeh dkl dks ,d
rkj ds :i esa [khapk tkrk gSA bl ckj cus rkj dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A
gy % eku yhft, fd rkj dh yackbZ x feeh gSA
vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd rkj ,d yac o`Rrh; csyu ds vkdkj dk gSA
bldk O;kl = 3.5 feeh
3.5 35 7
vr%] bldh f=T;k = feeh = = feeh
2 20 4

lkFk gh] rkj dh yackbZ dks csyu dh Å¡pkbZ le>k tkrk gSA
vr% csyu dk vk;ru = πr2h

22 7 7
= × × × x feeh3
7 4 4

ijarq rkj 1 eh3 vk;ru ls cuk;k x;k gSA

22 7 7 x
vr%, × × × = 1 (D;ksfa d 1 eh = 1000 feeh)
7 4 4 1000000000

524 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
1 × 7 × 4 × 4 × 1000000000
;k x = feeh
22 × 7 × 7

16000000000
= feeh
154 fVIi.kh
16000000000
vr%] rkj dh yackbZ = feeh
154

16000000000
= eh
154000

16000000
= eh = 103896 eh (yxHkx)
154

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 21-2

1. f=T;k 5 ehVj vkSj ÅapkbZ 1-44 eh okys ,d yac o`Rrh; csyu dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy]
dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
2. fdlh yac o`Rrh; csyu dk vk;ru 3080 lseh3 gS rFkk blds vk/kkj dh f=T;k 7 lseh
gSA csyu dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
3. ,d csyukdkj ikuh dh Vadh dk vk/kkj O;kl 7 ehVj vkSj ÅapkbZ 2-1 ehVj gSA bl Vadh
dh /kkfjrk yhVj esa Kkr dhft,A
4. fdlh dkxt dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ Øe'k% 33 lseh vkSj 16 lseh gSA bls bldh pkSM+kbZ
ds vuqfn'k eksMd
+ j ,d csyu cuk;k tkrk gSA bl csyu dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
5. vk/kkj O;kl 28 lseh vkSj ÅapkbZ 12 lseh dh ,d csyukdkj ckYVh ikuh ls iwjh Hkjh gqbZ
gSA bl ikuh dks ,d vk;rkdkj Vc esa Mkyk tkrk gS] ftldh yackbZ 66 lseh vkSj pkSMk+ bZ
28 lseh gSA og ÅapkbZ Kkr dhft, ftl rd ikuh Vc esa p<+ tk,xkA
6. ,d [kks[kyk /kkrq dk csyu nksu
a ksa fljksa ls [kqyk gqvk gS rFkk bldh yackbZ 8 lseh gSA ;fn
/kkrq dh eksVkbZ 2 lseh gS rFkk csyu dk ckgjh O;kl 10 lseh gS] rks csyu dk lEiw.kZ oØ
i`’Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, (π = 3.14 dk iz;ksx dhft,).
[ladsr % lEiw.kZ oØ i`"B ¾ vkarfjd oØ i`"B + ckgjh oØ i`"B]

xf.kr 525
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
21-4 yac o`Rrh; “kadq
vkb, ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC, ftldk dks.k B ledks.k gS]
A
dks mldh ledks.k okyh ,d Hkqtk AB ds izfr ?kqek,aA bl
fVIi.kh ifjHkze.k ds QyLo:i tfur Bksl ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq
(Right circular cone) dgykrk gS¼nsf[k, vkd`fr 21-8½A nSfud
thou es]a gesa bl vkdkj dh vusd oLrq,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gS]a tSls
fd tksdj dh Vksih] racw ] vkblØhe dksu] bR;kfnA ;g ns[kk
C D
tk ldrk gS fd yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dk fljk ¼;k vk/kkj½ ,d o`r B
gSA vkd`fr 21-8 esa] BC dsna z B okys vk/kkj dh f=T;k gS rFkk vkd`fr 21.8
AB rFkk AB “kadq dk 'kh"kZ dgykrk gS rFkk AC bldh fr;Zd
ÅapkbZ (Slant height) dgykrh gSA ikbFkkxksjl izes; ls] gesa
izkIr gksrk gSA

fr;Zd ÅapkbZ = f«kT;k2 + ÅapkbZ2

;k] l = r 2 + h 2 , tgk¡ r, h vkSj l Øe'k% 'kadq dh vk/kkj f=T;k] ÅapkbZ rFkk fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ gSAa
vki ;g Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa fd 'kadq ds vk/kkj }kjk cuk i`"B likV gS rFkk 'ks"k i`"B oØh;
gSaA
i`"Bh; {ks=Qy A

vkb, f=T;k r vkSj ÅapkbZ h dk ,d [kks[kyk 'kadq ysa rFkk bls

l l
fr;Zd ÅapkbZ ds vuqfn'k dkVsAa vc bls ,d dkxt ds Åij
QSyk nhft,A vkidks f=T;k l okys o`r dk ,d f=T;[k.M izkIr
gksrk gS] ftlds laxr pki dh yackbZ ;k 2πr gSA ¼nsf[k, vkd`fr B C
21-9½A
2π r
bl f=T;[k.M dk {ks=Qy = vkd`fr 21.9

f«kT;[kaM ds pki dh yackbZ

× f«kT;k l okys o`Ùk dk {ks«kQy
f«kT;k l okys o`Ùk dh ifjf/k

2πr
= × πl 2 = πrl
2πl

Li"Vr% 'kadq dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = bl f=T;[k.M dk {ks=Qy

= πrl

526 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
;fn mijksDr esa vk/kkj dk {ks=Qy tksM+ fn;k tk,] rks ;g 'kadq dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
gks tk,xkA
bl izdkj] 'kadq dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl + πr2
= πr(l + r) fVIi.kh
vk;ru
,d gh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj ,d gh ÅapkbZ dk ,d yac o`Rrh; csyu vkSj ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq
yhft,A vc 'kadq dks jsr ¼;k ikuh½ ls Hkfj, vkSj bls csyu esa Mkfy,A bl izfØ;k dks rhu
ckj nksgjkb, A vki ns[ksx
a s fd csyu jsr ¼;k ikuh½ ls iwjk Hkj x;k gSA blls ;g iznf'kZr
gksrk gS fd 'kadq dk vk;ru mlh vk/kkj f=T;k r vkSj Å¡pkbZ h okys csyu ds vk;ru dk
,d&frgkbZ gSA
1
vr%] 'kadq dk vk;ru = csyu dk vk;ru
3

1
= πr2h
3

vkb, bu lw=ksa dk mi;ksx Li"V djus ds fy, dqN mnkgj.k ysAa

mnkgj.k 21.13: ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj ÅapkbZ Øe'k% 7 lseh vkSj
24 lseh gSAa bldk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy] dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy rFkk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
gy % ;gk¡] r = 7 lseh vkSj h = 24 lseh
vr%, fr;Zd ÅapkbZ l = r 2 + h 2

= 7 × 7 + 24 × 24 lseh

= 49 + 576 lseh = 25 lseh

bl izdkj] oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl

22
= × 7 × 25 lseh2 = 550 lseh2
7

dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl + πr2

22
= (550 + × 49) lseh2
7

= (550 + 154) lseh2 = 704 lseh2

xf.kr 527
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
1 2 1 22
vk;ru = πr h = × × 49 × 24 lseh3
3 3 7

= 1232 lseh3

fVIi.kh mnkgj.k 21.14: 'kadq ds vkdkj dk ,d racw 6 ehVj Åapk gS rFkk mldh vk/kkj f=T;k
8 ehVj gSA ` 120 izfr eh2 dh nj ls bl racw dks cukus esa yxs dSuol dk ewY; Kkr dhft,A
(π = 3.14 dk iz;ksx dhft,A)

gy: eku yhft, fd racw dh fr;Zd ÅapkbZ x ehVj gS

vr%] l = r 2 + h 2 ls] gesa izkIr gksrk gS%

l = 36 + 64 = 100

;k l = 10

bl izdkj] racw dh fr;Zd ÅapkbZ ¾ 10 eh

vr%] bldk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl
= 3.14 × 8 × 10 eh2 = 251.2 eh2

bl izdkj] racw ds fy, vko';d dSuol = 251.2 eh2

vr% ` 120 izfr eh2 dh nj ls dSuol dh ykxr
= ` 120 × 251.2
= ` 30144

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 21-3

1. ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr
dhft,] ftldh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj ÅapkbZ Øe'k% 5 lseh vkSj 12 lseh gaSA
2. vk/kkj {ks=Qy 616 lseh2 vkSj ÅapkbZ 9 lseh okys ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dk vk;ru Kkr
dhft,A
3. ÅapkbZ 10.5 lseh okys ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dk vk;ru 176 lseh3 gSA bl 'kadq dh f=T;k
Kkr dhft,A
4. 3 ehVj pkSMs+ ml dSuol dh yackbZ Kkr dhft, ftldh vk/kkj f=T;k 9 ehVj vkSj
ÅapkbZ 12 ehVj ds ,d 'kadq ds vkdkj ds racw dks cukus esa vko';drk gksxhA (π = 3.14
iz;ksx dhft,A)

528 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
5. vk;ru 12936 lseh3 vkSj vk/kkj O;kl 42 lseh okys ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq dk oØ i`"Bh;
{ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A

21-5 xksyk fVIi.kh

vkb, ,d v/kZo`Rr dks mlds O;kl ds ifjr /kqek,aA bl
ifjHkze.k ls tfur Bksl ,d xksyk (Sphere) dgykrk gSA P
bls fuEu izdkj Hkh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA r

fdlh facna q dk fcanqiFk (locus) tks Lisl (space) esa bl izdkj

O
pyk;eku gS fd mldh ,d fLFkj fcanq ls nwjh leku jgrh gS
,d xksyk dgykrk gSA og fLFkj fcanq xksys dk dsna z rFkk
leku ;k fuf”pr nwjh xksys dh f=T;k dgykrh gS nsf[k,
vkd`fr 21.10), gekjs nSfud thou esa vkus okys xksys ds vkd`fr 21.10
mnkgj.k QqVcky] fØdsV dh xsna ] daps] bR;kfn gSAa
v/kZxksyk
;fn xksys dks mlds dsna z ls gksdj tkus okys ry }kjk nks
cjkcj Hkkxksa esa dkVk tkrk gS] rks izR;sd Hkkx ,d v/kZxksyk
(hemisphere ) dgykrk gSA (nsf[k, vkd`fr 21.11). vkd`fr 21.11
xksys vkSj v/kZxksys ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
vkb, ,d jcj ¼;k ydM+h½ dh ,d xksykdkj xsna ysa vkSj mls nks cjkcj Hkkxksa ¼v/kZxksyks½a
esa dkV ysA [nsf[k, vkd`fr 21.12(i), eku yhft, fd bl xsna dh f=T;k r gSA vc bl xsna
ds Åijh fljs ij ,d fiu ¼;k dhy½ yxk nhft,] rFkk bl fcanq ¼vFkkZr] fiu ds LFkku½ ls
izkjEHk djrs gq, ml ij /kkxk ;k Mksjh yisVrs tkb,] tc rd fd Åijh v/kZxksys ij iw.kZ
:i ls yisV fn;k x;k gks] tSlk fd vkd`fr 21.12(ii) esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA v/kZxksys ij yisVs
x, bl /kkxs dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A

(i) (ii)

xf.kr 529
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr

fVIi.kh

(iii)
vkd`fr 21.12
vc f=T;k r dk ,d o`r [khafp, ¼vFkkZr mlh f=T;k dk tks xsna ¼;k xksys½ dh f=T;k gS½A
vc bl o`r dks mlh izdkj ds /kkxs ;k Mksjh ls Hkfj, tks v/kZxksys ij yisVh FkhA nsf[k,
vkd`fr 21.12 (iii)] bl o`r dks <dus esa yxs /kkxs dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A vki D;k ns[krs
gS\a vki ns[ksx
a s fd v/kZxksys dks <adus esa yxs /kkxs dh yackbZ o`r dks <adus esa yxs /kkxs dh
yackbZ dh nks xquh gSA
D;ksfa d nksuksa /kkxksa dh pkSMk+ bZ cjkcj gS]a vr%
v/kZxksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2 × o`r dk {ks=Qy
= 2 πr2 (o`r dk {ks=Qy πr2 gS)

vr%] xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2 × 2πr2 = 4πr2

bl izdkj]
xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 4ππr2
v/kZxksys dk dqy oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2ππr2 + πr2 = 3ππr2,
tgk¡ r xksys dh f=T;k gSA
xksys vkSj v/kZxksys dk vk;ru
,d gh vk/kkj f=T;k r vkSj ,d gh ÅapkbZ okyk ,d v/kZxksyk vkSj ,d yac o`Rrh; 'kadq
yhft,A vc 'kadq dks jsr ¼;k ikuh½ ls Hkfj, vkSj bls v/kZxksys esa Hkfj,A bl izfØ;k dks nks
ckj dhft,A vki ns[ksxa s fd v/kZxksyk jsr ¼;k ikuh½ ls iwjk Hkj x;k gSA blls ;g iznf'kZr
gksrk gS fd f=T;k r ds v/kZxksys dk vk;ru blh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj ÅapkbZ okys 'kadq ds
vk;ru dk nks xquk gSA
1 2
vr%] v/kZxksys dk vk;ru = 2 × πr h
3

2
= × πr2 × r (D;ksfa d h = r)
3
530 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
2
= × πr3
3

2 3 4 3
vr%] f=T;k r okys xksys dk vk;ru = 2 × πr = πr
3 3 fVIi.kh
4 3
v/kZxksys dk vk;ru = πr
3

2 3
rFkk v/kZxksys dk vk;ru = πr ,
3

tgk¡ r xksys ¼;k v/kZxksys½ dh f=T;k gSA

vkb,] dqN mnkgj.kksa }kjk bu lw=ksa ds iz;ksx dks Li"V djsAa
mnkgj.k 21.15: O;kl 21 lseh okys xksys ds i`’Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
21
gy: xksys dh f=T;k = lseh
2

vr% bldk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 4πr2

22 21 21
=4× × × lseh2
7 2 2

= 1386 lseh2

4 3
bldk vk;ru = πr
3

4 22 21 21 21
= × × × × lseh3 = 4851 lseh3
3 7 2 2 2

mnkgj.k 21.16: fdlh v/kZxksykdkj dVksjs dk vk;ru 2425.5 lseh3 gSA bldh f=T;k vkSj
i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
gy: eku yhft, fd f=T;k r lseh gSA
2 3
vr%, πr = 2425.5
3

2 22 3
;k × r = 2425.5
3 7

xf.kr 531
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
3 × 2425.5 × 7 21× 21× 21
;k] r3 = =
2 × 22 8

21
vr%, r= , vFkkZr~ f=T;k = 10.5 lseh
fVIi.kh 2

22 21 21
vc] dVksjs dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2πr2 = 2 × × × lseh2
7 2 2
= 693 lseh2

fVIi.kh: D;ksfa d dVksjk Åij ls [kqyk gksrk gS ] vr% blds Åijh vk/kkj dk {ks=Qy πr2
i`"Bh; {ks=Qy esa lfEefyr ugha gksxkA

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 21-4

1. f=T;k 14 lseh okys xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
2. ,d xksys dk vk;ru 38808 lseh3 gSA bldh f=T;k vkSj fQj i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr
dhft,A
3. ,d v/kZxksykdkj f[kykSus dk O;kl 56 lseh gSA Kkr dhft, bldk %
(i) oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
(ii) dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
(iii) vk;ru
4. f=T;k 28 lseh okyh ,d /kkrq dh xsna dks fi?kykdj f=T;k 7 lseh okyh NksVh xksfy;k¡
esa ifjofrZr fd;k gSA bl izdkj cuh xksfy;ksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A

vkb, nksgjk,¡
• os oLrq ;k vkd`fr;ka tks iw.kZ :i ls ,d ry esa fLFkr ugha gksrh gS]a Bksl ¼;k f=oheh;½
oLrq ;k vkd`fr;ka dgykrh gSA
• Lo;a Bksl vkd`fr dks cukus okyh ifjlhek dh eki ml Bksl vkd`fr dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy
dgykrh gSA
• dqN Bksl vkd`fr;ksa dh dsoy likV i`"B gksrh gS] dqN Bksl vkd`fr;ksa dh dsoy oØ
i`"B gksrh gS rFkk dqN Bksl vkd`fr;ksa dh i`"B LikV vkSj oØh; nksuksa gh izdkj dh gksrh
gSaA

532 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
• fdlh ?kukHk dk i`’Bh; {ks=Qy = 2(lb + bh + hl) rFkk vk;ru = lbh gS]a tgk¡] l, b vkSj
h Øe”k% bldh yackbZ] pkSMk+ bZ vkSj ÅapkbZ gSAa

• mi;qZDr ?kukHk dk fod.kZ l 2 + b 2 + h 2 gksrk gSA

• ?ku ,d fof'k"V ?kukHk gksrk gS] ftlds lHkh fdukjs cjkcj yackb;ksa ds gksrs gaSA fVIi.kh

• fdukjs a okys ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 6a2 vkSj vk;ru a3 gksrk gSA
• mi;ZqDr ?ku dk fod.kZ a 3 gksrk gSA
• foekvksa l, b vkSj h okys ,d dejs dh pkjksa nhokjksa dk {ks=Qy = 2(l + b) h gksrk gSA
• fdlh yac o`Ùkh; csyu dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2πrh; dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy =
2πrh+2πr2 rFkk vk;ru = πr2h gksrk gS] tgk¡ r vkSj h Øe'k% csyu dh vk/kkj f=T;k
vkSj Å¡pkbZ gSA
• fdlh yac o`Ùkh; 'kadq dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl, dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = πrl + πr2
1 2
rFkk vk;ru πr h gksrk gS] tgk¡ r, h vkSj l Øe'k% 'kadq dh vk/kkj f=T;k] Å¡pkbZ vkSj
3
fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ gSA
4 3
• fdlh xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 4πr2 rFkk vk;ru = πr gksrk gS] tgk¡ r xksys dh
3
f=T;k gSA
• fdlh v/kZxksys dk oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 2πr2 ; dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 3πr2 rFkk
2 3
vk;ru = πr gksrk gS] tgk¡ r v/kZxksys dh f=T;k gSA
3

vkb, vH;kl djsa

1. fjDr LFkkuksa dks Hkfj,%
(i) yackbZ l, pkSM+kbZ b vkSj Å¡pkbZ h okys ,d ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = _________
(ii) yackbZ l, pkSM+kbZ b vkSj Å¡pkbZ h okys ,d ?kukHk dk fod.kZ = ___________
(iii) Hkqtk a okys ?ku dk vk;ru = __________
(iv) ,d fljs ij [kqys csyu dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = ______, tgk¡ r vkSj h Øe'k% mldh
vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj Å¡pkbZ gSaA
(v) f=T;k r okys xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = __________ gSA

xf.kr 533
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
(vi) ,d 'kadq dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = ____________gS, tgk¡ r vkSj l Øe'k% 'kadq dh
______ rFkk _________ gSaA
(vii) f=T;k r okys xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = __________ gSA

fVIi.kh (viii) f=T;k r okys v)Zxksys dk vk;ru = __________ gSA

2. fn, gq, pkj fodYiksa esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
(i) foekvksa 63 lseh × 56 lseh × 21 lseh okys ,d ?kukHk ds vk;ru ds cjkcj vk;ru
okys ?ku dk fdukjk gS
(A) 21 lseh (B) 28 lseh (C) 36 lseh (D) 42 lseh
(ii) ;fn fdlh xksys dh f=T;k nqxquh dj nh tk, rks mldk vk;ru izkjafHkd vk;ru
dk fdrus xquk gks tk,xk\
(A) 2 xquk (B) 3 xquk (C) 4 xquk (D) 8 xquk
(iii) fdlh 'kadq dh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj Å¡pkbZ ds cjkcj okys ,d csyu dk vk;ru gSA
(A) 'kadq ds vk;ru ds cjkcj (B) 'kadq ds vk;ru dk nqxquk

1
(C) 'kadq ds vk;ru dk (D) 'kadq ds vk;ru dk rhu xquk
3
3. ;fn fdlh ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 96 lseh2, gS rks mldk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
4. yackbZ 3 eh, pkSMk+ bZ 2.5 eh rFkk Å¡pkbZ 1.5 eh okys ?kukHk ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru
Kkr dhft,A
5. fdukjs 1.6 lseh okys ,d ?ku ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
6. foekvksa 6 lseh × 8 lseh × 10 lseh okys ?kukHk ds fod.kZ dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A
7. fdukjs 8 lseh okys ?ku ds fod.kZ dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A
8. fdlh ?kukHk ds rhu vklUu Qydksa dk {ks=Qy Øe'k% A, B rFkk C oxZ bdkbZ gS rFkk
mldk vk;ru V ?ku bdkbZ gSA fl) dhft, fd V2 = ABC gSA
9. fljksa ij [kqys ,d [kks[kys csyukdkj ikbi dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ;fn
mldh Å¡pkbZ 10 lseh ckgjh O;kl 10 lseh rFkk eksVkbZ 12 lseh gSA (π = 3.14 dk
iz;ksx dhft,A).
10. ml 'kadq dh fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft, ftldk vk;ru 12936 lseh3 gS rFkk vk/kkj
dh f=T;k 21 lseh gSA bldk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Hkh Kkr dhft,A
11. f=T;k 5.6 eh rFkk xgjkbZ 20 eh dk ,d dqavk foekvksa 150 eh × 70 eh okys ,d
vk;rkdkj [ksr esa [kksnk tkrk gS rFkk blls fudyh feV~Vh dks [ksr ds 'ks"k Hkkx esa
,dleku :i ls QSyk fn;k tkrk gSA [ksr fdruk Å¡pk mB tk,xk\

534 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
12. vk;ru 606.375 eh3 okys ,d xksys dh f=T;k vkSj i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A

13. 12 eh yach, 4 eh pkSM+kbZ vkSj 3 eh Å¡pkbZ okys ,d dejs esa foekvksa 2 eh × 1 eh okyh
nks f[kM+fd;ka gSa vkSj foekvksa 2.5 eh × 2 ehokyk ,d njoktk gSA bldh nhokjksa ij `
30 izfr lseh2 dh nj ls dkxt yxokus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A
fVIi.kh
14. ,d ?ku lsUVhehVj lksus dk O;kl 0.2 feeh okys ,d rkj ds :i esa [khapk tkrk gSA
rkj dh yackbZ Kkr dhft, (π = 3.14 yhft,).
15. ;fn fdlh xksys dh f=T;k frxquh dj nh tk,] rks fuEu vuqikr Kkr dhft,%

(i) izkjafHkd xksys dk vk;ru vkSj u, xksys dk vk;ru

(ii) izkjafHkd xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj u, xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy

16. ,d 'kadq] csyu vksj v)Zxksyk ,d gh vk/kkj vkSj ,d gh Å¡pkbZ ds gSAa buds vk;ruksa
dk vuqikr Kkr dhft,A
17. fdlh yac o`Ùkh; 'kadq dh fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ vkSj f=T;k Øe'k% 25 lseh vkSj 7 lseh gaSA Kkr
dhft, fd
(i) oØ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy

(ii) dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy] rFkk

(iii) vk;ru

18. Hkqtk 5 lseh okys pkj ?kuksa dks fljs ls fljk feykdj ,d iafDr esa j[k fy;k tkrk gSA
ifj.kkeh ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
19. nks csyuksa dh f=T;k,a 3 : 2 ds vuqikr esa gSa rFkk mudh Å¡pkb;k¡ 7 : 4 ds vuqikr esa gSaA
muds
(i) vk;ruksa dk vuqikr rFkk

(ii) oØ i`"Bh; vuqikr Kkr dhft,A

20. crkb, fd fuEu esa ls dkSu ls dFku lR; gSa vkSj dkSu ls vlR;%

(i) Hkqtk a okys ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 6a2 gksrk gSA

(ii) ,d 'kadq dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy πrl gksrk gS] tgk¡ r vkSj l Øe'k% 'kadq dh vk/kkj
f=T;k vkSj fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ gSA
(iii) ;fn ,d 'kadq vkSj v)Zxksys dh vk/kkj f=T;k vkSj Å¡pkbZ ,d gh gks]a rks v)Zxksys
dk vk;ru 'kadq ds vk;ru dk frxquk gksrk gSA

xf.kr 535
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
(iv) yackbZ l, pkSM+kbZ b rFkk Å¡pkbZ h okys ,d dejs esa j[kh tk ldrs okyh lcls yach
NM+ dh yackbZ l 2 + b 2 + h 2 gksrh gSA

(v) f=T;k r okys ,d v)Zxksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 2πr2 gksrk gSA

fVIi.kh

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk ds mÙkj

21.1
1. 81 eh2; 45 eh3 2. 77.76 lseh2; 46.656 lseh3

3. 15 lseh, 1350 lseh2 4. 30000 lseh3

5. 384 6. 15 m, 117 m2
7. 896 lseh2, 1536 lseh3 8. ` 460.80

9. 61 eh

21.2
1 2
1. 44 eh2; 201 eh ; 110 eh3 2. 880 lseh2
7
3. 80850 yhVj 4. 1386 lseh3
5. 4 lseh 6. 401.92 lseh2

21.3
1430 1980 2200
1. lseh2; lseh2; lseh3
7 7 7
2. 1848 lseh3 3. 2 lseh 4. 141.3 eh
5. 2310 lseh2

21.4
2
1. 2464 lseh2; 11498 lseh3 2. 21 lseh, 5544 lseh2
3
1
3. (i) 9928 lseh2 (ii) 14892 lseh2 (iii) 92661 lseh3
3
4. 64

536 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr

vkb, vH;kl djsa ds mÙkj

1. (i) 2 (lb + bh + hl) (ii) l 2 + b 2 + h 2 (iii) a3
(iv) 2πrh + πr2 (v) πr2h fVIi.kh
2 3
(vi) πrl, f=T;k] fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ (vii) 4πr2 (vii) πr
3
2. (i) (D) (ii) (D) (iii) (D)
3. 64 lseh3 4. 31.5 eh2; 11.25 eh3 5. 11.76 lseh2; 3.136 lseh3

6. 10 2 lseh 7. 8 3 lseh 8. [ladsr: A = l × h; B = b × h; and C = h × l]

9. 621.72 lseh2 10. 35 lseh, 3696 lseh2 11. 18.95 lseh

12. 21 eh, 5544 eh2 13. ` 2610 14. 31.84 eh

15. (i) 1 : 27 (ii) 1 : 9
16. 1: 3: 2
17. (i) 550 lseh2 (ii) 704 lseh2 (iii) 1232 lseh3

18. 350 lseh2; 375 lseh3 19. (i) 63 : 16 (ii) 21 : 8

20. (i) lR; (ii) vlR; (iii) vlR;

(iv) lR; (v) vlR;

xf.kr 537
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
xf.kr
fVIi.kh vH;kl dk;Z&{ks=fefr

vf/kdre vad: 25 le; : 45 feuV

vuqns'k
1. izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj iqfLrdk ds vyx&vyx i`"B ij nhft,A

2. fuEu lwpuk viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa nhft,A

uke
ukekadu la[;k
fo"k;
vH;kl dk;Z dk izdj.k (Topic)
irk
3. vki vius vH;kl dk;Z dh tkap v/;;u dsUnz ij vius fo"k; v/;kid ls djkbZ,
ftlls vkids dk;Z dk mfpr ifj"dj.k fey ldsA
viuk vH;kl dk;Z jk"Vªh; eqDr fo|ky;h f'k{kk laLFkku dks er Hksft,A
2
1. 3 lseh {ks=Qy okys leckgq f=Hkqt dh izR;sd Hkqtk dh eki gS 1

(A) 8 lseh

(B) 4 lseh

(C) 2 lseh

(D) 16 lseh

2. ,d f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ 3 : 5 : 7 ds vuqikr esa gSAa ;fn f=Hkqt dk ifjeki 60 lseh gks] rks
f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy gS 1

(A) 60 3 lseh2

538 xf.kr
 Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
(B) 30 3 lseh3

(C) 15 3 lseh2

(D) 120 3 lseh2 fVIi.kh

3. ,d leprqHkZt dk {ks=Qy 96 oxZ lseh gSA ;fn bldk ,d fod.kZ 16 lseh gks] rks
bldh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ gksxh 1

(A) 5 lseh

(B) 6 lseh

(C) 8 lseh

(D) 10 lseh

4. ,d ?kukHk ds laxr Qydksa ds {ks=Qy a, b, c gSaA bl dk vk;ru gS 1

(A) 3
abc

(B) abc

(C) abc

(D) a3b3c3

5. ,d v/kZ xksykdkj dVksjs dh f=T;k 3-5 eh gSA bl dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy gS 1

(A) 38.5 eh2

(B) 77 eh2

(C) 115.5 eh2

(D) 154 eh2

6. ,d leyac dh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ 20 eh vkSj 16 eh gSa vkSj bu Hkqtkvksa ds chp dh nwjh

11 eh gSA bldk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A 2

7. ,d o`Ùkkdkj ikdZ dh f=T;k 9 eh gSA blds ckgj pkjksa vksj 3 eh pkSMk+ ,d jkLrk cuk
gSA jkLrs dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A 2

xf.kr 539
ekWM~;wy–4 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
8. nks yac o`Ùkh; csyuksa dh f=T;k,¡ 4 % 5 das vuqikr esa rFkk mudh Å¡pkb;k¡ 5 % 3 ds
vuqikr esa gSAa muds vk;ruksa esa vuqikr Kkr dhft,A 2

9. 9 eh Å¡ps ,d ydM+h ds Bksl 'kadq ds vk/kkj dh ifjf/k 44 eh gSA 'kadq dk vk;ru Kkr
dhft,A 2
fVIi.kh
10. 41 lseh O;kl okys xksys dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy rFkk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A 2

11. ,d yac o`Ùkh; 'kadq dh f=T;k vkSj Å¡pkbZ 5 % 12 ds vuqikr esa gSA ;fn bldk vk;ru
314 eh3 gS] rks bldh fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A (π = 3.14 yhft,) 4

12. ,d eSnku 200 eh yECkk vksj 75 eh pkSM+k gSA blesa 40 eh yEck] 20 eh pkSM+k vkSj
10 eh xgjk rkykc [kksnk x;k vkSj fudkyh xbZ feV~Vh dks eSnku esa QSyk fn;k x;kA
eSnku ds ry esa fdruh o`f) gqbZ\ 6

540 xf.kr