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    IJPUB1802120

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    IJPUB1802120

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    IJPUB1802120

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    darshans darshan

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    www.ijpub.

    org © 2018 IJCRT | ISSN: 2320-2882

    MATERIALS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS


    1
    Suroor Ahmad, 2Shivam Singh Patel
    1
    Post Graduate Student, 2Assistant Professor
    Civil Engineering Department
    Maharishi University of Information Technology,
    Lucknow(UP),India

    ABSTRACT: In this paper, there is a study of materials used in different layers of flexible pavements. There are some new
    materials which are used by Civil Engineers now-a-days. Materials of highway should be according to the specifications.
    Each property of materials should be accurate. Materials for every layer of highway should be according to the need of
    strength of load bearing capacity. The flexibility of this type of road depends on the distribution of forces from the surface
    through the layers.

    Keywords: Sub-base course, Base course, wearing course, waste plastic.

    INTRODUCTION
    Wheel load stresses are transmitted to the lower layers by grain-to-grain transfer through the points of contact in the granular
    structure.

    Figure 1: Load transfer in granular structure

    The wheel load acting on the pavement will be distributed to a wider area, and the stress decreases with the depth. Taking advantage
    of these stress distribution characteristic, flexible pavements normally has many layers. Hence, the design of flexible pavement uses
    the concept of layered system. Based on this, flexible pavement may be constructed in a number of layers and the top layer has to
    be of best quality to sustain maximum compressive stress, in addition to wear and tear. The lower layers will experience lesser
    magnitude of stress and low quality material can be used. Flexible pavements are constructed using bituminous materials. These
    can be either in the form of surface treatments (such as bituminous surface treatments generally found on low volume roads) or,
    asphalt concrete surface courses (generally used on high volume roads such as national highways). Flexible pavement layers reflect
    the deformation of the lower layers on to the surface layer (e.g., if there is any undulation in sub-grade then it will be transferred to
    the surface layer). In the case of flexible pavement, the design is based on overall performance of flexible pavement, and the stresses
    produced should be kept well below the allowable stresses of each pavement layer.

    Components of a flexible pavement:

    layers of a conventional flexible pavement includes seal coat, surface course, tack coat, binder course, prime coat, base course, sub-
    base course, compacted sub-grade, and natural sub-grade.

    IJPUB1802120 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijpub.org 733


    www.ijpub.org © 2018 IJCRT | ISSN: 2320-2882

    MATERIALS FOR SUB-BASE COURSE:


    In highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located.
    It may be omitted when there will be only foot traffic on the pavement, but it is necessary for surfaces used by vehicles.
    Sub-Base course is the layer (or layers) under the base layer. A sub-base is not always needed. A proper sub-base consists of
    various sizes of crushed stone aggregate, commonly known as crusher run. Depending on the sub soils on your site you may need
    8-12 inches of various sizes of sub-base.
    With well drained sub soils, without movement, added sub-base materials may be sufficient, al with proper pitch & grade.
    If the sub-base is knowingly sufficient, grading & compaction with vibratory roller or plate compactor in small areas, may be all
    that is necessary.

     Crushed stone
     Crushed slag
     Concrete
     Slate

    MATERIALS FOR BASE COURSE:

    If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the sub-
    grade. Typical base course thickness ranges from 100 to 150mm. The base course of road serves as the essential basic segment of
    the adaptable asphalt. It conveys the forced wheel load to the asphalt establishment, the sub-base, as well as the sub-grade. The
    materials making the base course are select hard and tough totals, which generally fall into two fundamental classes: balanced out
    and granular. The balanced out bases ordinarily consist of crushed or uncrushed total bound with a stabilizer, for example, bitumen.

    MATERIALS FOR WEARING COURSE:

     Bitumen
     Aggregates
     Tar

    Use of Waste Plastic in Construction of Flexible Pavement:

    There is an important material which is being use now-a-day is known as polymer modified bitumen. Due to many reasons plastic
    waste is used as construction material for flexible pavement. A modified technique was developed for construction of flexible
    pavements. In flexible pavement construction plastic coated aggregate showed better binding property. It has less wetting property
    and voids. The aggregate when coated with plastics improved its quality with respect to moisture absorption. The coating
    of plastic decreases the moisture absorption and helps to improve the quality of the aggregate and its performance in the flexible
    pavement. The waste plastic is used as the stiffen binders for reducing the rutting, thermal cracking, stripping, cost of maintenance
    of pavement. It improves the fatigue resistance, bituminous pavement durability and provides clean environment. Use of this mix
    for road construction helps to use plastics waste. Once the plastic waste is separated from municipal solid waste, the organic matter
    can be converted to use.

    IJPUB1802120 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijpub.org 734


    www.ijpub.org © 2018 IJCRT | ISSN: 2320-2882

    REFERENCES
    [1] AASHTO 1993, “AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures”, American Association of State Highway and
    Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
    [2] IRC: 37-2001 “Code of guideline for the design of flexible pavement ”, Indian Road Congress, New Delhi 2001.
    [3] IRC: 58-2002 “Code of guideline for the design of plain jointed rigid pavement for highway”, Indian Road Congress, New
    Delhi 2002.

    AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
    SUROOR AHMAD is pursuing M.Tech in Highway Engineering from Maharishi University of information technology, Lucknow.
    Area of interest includes Highway design.

    IJPUB1802120 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijpub.org 735

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