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Lecture9 Cell Junction

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Lecture9 Cell Junction

Uploaded by

omkkos67
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HNU

Faculty of Medicine
Histology & Cell Biology
Department
Year 1

Principle of Human Body Structure


HBS-101

Lecture 9
Cell junctions
Objectives
1. List the specializations of the different epithelial cell
surfaces.
2-Describe the structure and correlated functions of the
specializations of the epithelial cell surfaces.
3-Describe the structure and correlated functions of the
different types of the cell junctions.
4-Mention examples of sites of the different types of the cell
junctions.
5-Describe the structure and correlated functions of the
junctional complex.
3
Cilia -flagella

Apical surface Stereocilia


Microvilli
Specialization of
epithelial
surfaces Cell junction
Baso-lateral Basal lamina
surface
Basal membrane
infoldings

4
Apical cell surface specializations
A- Microvilli:
* Finger like projections of cell membrane which are
very short, stable and more uniform than cilia.
Site & Function:
Increase surface area for absorption (20 - 30 fold than
normal surface) as in small intestine & kidney
tubules.
L/M:
Very small to be seen, but appear as striations or
brush border on apical surface of cell (hundreds or
thousands present on the surface).
E/M:
Each villus has a core of:

1- Actin filaments (microfilament), attached to the


surrounding plasma membrane.

2- Actin - binding proteins inserted into the terminal


web which is formed of actin filaments that running
horizontal in the underlying cytoplasm).

* This maintains stability of microvillus, also


mediate its contraction and elongation.
B- Cilia:
* Highly motile, longer and larger than typical
microvilli.
* Its core contain microtubules not microfilaments .
* May be hundred cilia on a single cell.

Sites: Upper respiratory and female genital tracts.


Functions: They beat rhythmically and help in the
movements of fluids or small bodies along its
surface.
C- Flagella:

The flagellum is similar in structure to the shaft


(axoneme) of the cilia.
Very long, single.
Site: sperm; it forms its tail and facilitates its
movements.
Cell Junctions

Zonula: If the junction extends around the


entire cell perimeter like a ring or belt

Fascia: If the junction is strip-shaped or


band- shaped

Macula: If the junction is spot like


Zonula

Fascia

Macula
Intercellular adhesion & cell junctions
A- Tight (zonula occludens) or occluding junction:
* Position
Apical , seen by EM.
• No intercellular space
• Transmembrane protein:
• The seal between the two adjacent membrane is
due to direct interactions between the proteins
occludins and occluding on each cell.
• which in turn bind to cytoplasmic cytoskeleton
protein (actin).
Functions:
* Form a seal that prevents the flow of materials
between epithelial cells.
* The tight junction in epithelium of GIT keep
digestive enzymes, ions & micro organism from
escaping into the blood stream.
Occluding junction
(Tight Junction)

outer
leaflets

Cell 2 Cell 1

15
Cell B Cell A

Cell 1

Cell 2

16
B- Adherent (zonula adherens or anchoring
junction:
Site: This junction also encircles the cell, usually
immediately below the zonula occludens.
• Transmembrane glycoproteins It is mediated by
“cadherins” of each cell, which in turn bind to
Cytoplasmic cytoskeleton protein (actin)
• Intercellular space: 20 nm
• (zonulae occludens) & (zonulae adherents)
form a continuous band around the cell.
Functions:
Strengthens and stabilize nearby tight junction.
C- Desmosomes (macula adherens):
* This junctional type resembles a single “spot” and
does not form a belt around the cell.
* The desmosome is a disk-shaped structure at the
surface of both adjacent cells.
* Transmembrane proteins: a members of the
cadherin family called (desmogleins &
desmocollins).
•These cadherin-type proteins bind to cytoplasmic
intermediate filaments (keratin or tonofilaments).
•Intercellular space: 30 nm
Functions:
- The most powerful junction holding the cells
together.
- Play an important role to maintain the integrity of
the epithelium.
D- Hemidesmosomes:
* It is a type of junctions binding the epithelial cells
to underlying B.M.
* It has the structure of only half of a desmosome.
E- Gap junction (Nexuses):

* This type of junction mediate cellular


communication rather than adhesion or occlusions.
*Transmembrane proteins: called connexins, not bind
to any cytoplasmic proteins.
* When two cells attach, connexins in the adjacent
cell membranes move laterally and align to form
connexons (channels) between the two cells.
•Gap junctions are spot like.
•Intercellular space: 2-3 nm
Functions:
* Gap junctions permit the
rapid exchange of small
signal molecules (<1.5
nm), nutrients & ions
between cells without loss
of material into the
intercellular space .
* This type of junction
allowing cells to act in a
coordinated manner rather
than as independent units.
• Sites:
• Cardiac muscles, nerve tissue, bone cells and
smooth muscles.
Medical significance
1- Defect in occludins may affect fetal blood brain
barrier leading to neurologic disorder.
2- Autoimmune reactions against desmoglein lead to
(skin blistering).
28
Types of cell junctions

Adherens Gap
Tight junction
junction junction

Seals the intercellular Sites of


space adhesion Forms
channels of
communication
between
adjacent cells
30
Reference
Junqueira's Basic Histology
Text and Atlas, 17th edition
by Anthony Mescher

31

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