WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Earth Science Grade 11, Quarter 1, Week 2A

CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS

Learning Competency:
Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6)

Specific Objectives:
1. Classify and describe the three basic types of rock.
2. Understand the geologic processes involved in the formation of
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.

Key Concepts
 Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals sometime with
non-mineral solid particles. Just as like minerals are the building blocks of
rocks, rocks are the building blocks of Earth’s lithosphere.
 Rock cycle is a series of geologic processes that create and transform the
types of rock beneath/at the surface of the Earth.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS

1. Igneous rocks (derived from the Latin word ignis, means fire) or
magmatic rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of
magma or lava.

Igneous rock can be classified into:

a. Intrusive igneous rocks – are formed from solidification of magma

below the surface. They have large crystals of minerals that formed
overtime through slow process of crystallization in magma. Examples
are granite, diorite, gabbro, pegmatite, and peridotite.

Image 1: Image 2: Image 3:

https://geology.com/rocks/granite/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/diorite/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/gabbro/shtml

b. Extrusive igneous rocks – are formed through faster rate of

solidification of lava on the surface of Earth. They can become glassy in
appearance due to less crystallization or vesicular like Scoria, due to
the air that was trapped inside when they solidified and formed on the
surface of the earth. Other examples of this type of rock are andesite,
basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite and tuff.

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
Image 4: Image 5: Image 6:
https://geology.com/rocks/basalt/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/obsidian/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/pumice/shtml

2. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and cementation of

mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans and other bodies of
water at the Earth surface.

Sedimentary rocks can be classified into:

a. Clastic sedimentary rock. It is formed from

the mechanical weathering debris of rocks.
Examples are breccia, conglomerate,
sandstone, siltstone, and shale.

Image 7:
https://geology.com/rocks/sandstone/shtml

b. Chemical sedimentary rock - formed when

dissolved materials precipitate from solution.
Examples of these are rock salt, iron ore,
chert, flint, some dolomites.

Image 8:
https://geology.com/rocks/dolomite/shtml

c. Organic sedimentary rock - formed from the

build-up of plant or animal debris. Examples
of this type are coal and fossils.

Image 9:
https://geology.com/rocks/coal/shtml

3. Metamorphic rock forms from existing rock types called “parent rock” in
the process called metamorphism, which means change in form. The
original rock which can be an igneous, sedimentary or another
metamorphic rock is subjected to heat and pressure, causing a profound
chemical or physical change.

Metamorphic rocks can be further classified into:

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
 a. Foliated metamorphic rocks - formed through pressure due to
compression of rocks that create bands called foliation. Examples
are gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate.

Image 12:
Image 10: Image 11:
https://geology.com/rocks/slate/shtml
https://geology.com/rocks/gneiss/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/schist/shtml

b. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks - has no foliation or bands.

Examples of this type are hornfels, marble, quartzite, and
novaculite.

Image 13: Image 14: Image 15:

https://geology.com/rocks/quartzite/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/hornfels/shtml https://geology.com/rocks/marble/shtml

GEOLOGIC PROCESSES INVOLVE IN THE FORMATION OF IGNEOUS,

SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCK

Image 16: Source: www.geolsoc.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcylce.html

Rocks undergo processes that transform them from one type to another. The
processes that these rocks undergo would dictate the type they will transform to

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
and is a factor of the environment where rocks are located. The following
geologic processes will help understand the rock cycle better.

1. Weathering and Erosion – weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the

Earth’s surface, by action of rainwater, extreme temperature, and
biological activity while erosion is the geological process in which earthen
materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind
and water.

2. Compaction & Cementation – compaction happen when sediments

deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the overlaying
layers while cementation is where new minerals stick the grain together –
just as cement binds sand grains in a bricklayer’s mortar

3. Metamorphism – when rocks are pushed deep down into the Earth,
grains and minerals can become stretched, squashed and slightly melted
from the extreme pressure and heat.

4. Melting of magma – the process that turns any rocks into magma.
Melting a rock requires extremely high temperature, which only occur far
beneath the earth’s surface.

5. Crystallization of magma – in the rock cycle refers to the formation of

rocks crystal in cooling magma.

Activity 1: CALL ME DETECTIVE ROCKS

Objective: Classify and describe the three basic types of rock.

Materials Needed: paper and ballpen

What to do: Procedure: Observe the pictures and

answer the questions that follow.

Questions:

1. What type of rock do you think will be formed

through this geologic activity?
2. How was the rock formed in this geologic
activity?
3. How will you describe the types of rock formed?

Questions:

1. What type of rock is formed in this event?

2. What are the required factors to form a rock
on this event?
3. What are the possible types of rock that will
be formed in this event?

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
Questions:

1. What type of rock will be formed in this

scenario?
2. What are the important factors needed to form
a rock in this scenario?
3. What are the characteristics of rock formed in
this scenario?

Activity 2: I KNOW THE RIGHT WAY TO ROCK YOU!

Objective: Understand the geologic processes involved in the formation of

igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.

Materials Needed: paper and ballpen

What to do: Procedure: Read and analyse each question, choose what
geologic process involved in the transformation of rock. The answers are found in
the box.

Weathering & erosion Compaction & cementation

Metamorphism Melting of magma Crystallization of magma

Questions:

1. The conglomerate has disappeared! What can turn pebbles and sand
(sediment) into a conglomerate (sedimentary rock)?
2. The marble is gone! What process can turn limestone (sedimentary rock) into
marble (metamorphic rock)?
3. What happened to the obsidian? It's turned into sand! What process can turn
obsidian (igneous rock) into sediment?
4. The gneiss got pushed way underground! What process can turn gneiss
(metamorphic rock) into magma?
5. Over time, magma deep inside the earth has turned into granite (igneous
rock). What process made this happen?
6. The granite has slowly been pushed to the surface of the earth, where wind
and water have worn it down. What is the name of the process that turned
granite into sediment?
7. Over time, the sandy sediment has become a sedimentary rock called
sandstone. What process turns sand into sandstone?
8. Next, the sandstone gets pushed underground and transforms into a
metamorphic rock called quartzite. What process can turn sandstone into
quartzite?

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
Reflection:

Rocks are valuable and play a vital role in our lives. Rocks are very important to
mankind because they are one of the best sources of fuel and power. They have
many uses, for instance, rocks are used in construction, for manufacturing
substances and making medicine and for the production of gas. What do think
would happen if rocks become depleted? Explain why? Limit your answers in 3
sentences only.
Scoring Rubric for Reflection
5 points Discussion is consistent with the concept and has no
misconception.
4 points Discussion is consistent with the concept but with minimal
misconception.
3 points Discussion is consistent with the concept but with
misconception.
2 points Discussion is consistent with the concept but many
misconceptions.
1 point Discussion is not consistent with the concept.
0 point No discussion

Reference

Commission on Higher Education. Teaching guide for Senior High School: Earth
Science Core Subject. Quezon City: CHED. 2016

Department of Education. Self-Learning Module for Senior High School: Earth

Science Core Subject. Region IV-A CALABARZON. 2020

Olivar II, J.S., Rodolfo, R.S. and Cabria, H.B. (2016) Exploring Life Through
Science
Series: Earth Sence. Phoenix Publishing House

Religioso, T. F. and Vengco, L. G.(2016) You and the Natural World: Earth and
Life Science. Phoenix Publishing House

Image sources:

Image 1: https://geology.com/rocks/granite/shtml
Image 2: https://geology.com/rocks/diorite/shtml
Image 3: https://geology.com/rocks/gabbro/shtml
Image 4: https://geology.com/rocks/basalt/shtml
Image 5: https://geology.com/rocks/obsidian/shtml
Image 6: https://geology.com/rocks/pumice/shtml
Image 7: https://geology.com/rocks/sandstone/shtml
Image 8: https://geology.com/rocks/dolomite/shtml
Image 9: https://geology.com/rocks/coal/shtml
Image 10: https://geology.com/rocks/gneiss/shtml
Image 11: https://geology.com/rocks/schist/shtml
Image 12: https://geology.com/rocks/slate/shtml
Image 13: https://geology.com/rocks/quartzite/shtml
Image 14: https://geology.com/rocks/hornfels/shtml
Image 15: https://geology.com/rocks/marble/shtml

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph
Image 16: www.geolsoc.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcylce.html

Author: Archie D. Cawaling

School/Station: San Isidro National High School
Division: Siargao Division
Email address: archie.cawaling@deped.gov.ph