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Lec12. Trickling Filter.pptx

Trickling filters are an attached growth treatment process used for wastewater treatment, where microorganisms degrade organic matter as wastewater trickles over a medium. The system consists of packing materials like crushed stone or plastic, which support a biofilm of microorganisms that adsorb and consume the waste. The process includes mechanisms for distributing wastewater, collecting treated effluent, and facilitating air circulation for aerobic conditions, with various types classified based on hydraulic and organic loading rates.

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26 views

Lec12. Trickling Filter.pptx

Trickling filters are an attached growth treatment process used for wastewater treatment, where microorganisms degrade organic matter as wastewater trickles over a medium. The system consists of packing materials like crushed stone or plastic, which support a biofilm of microorganisms that adsorb and consume the waste. The process includes mechanisms for distributing wastewater, collecting treated effluent, and facilitating air circulation for aerobic conditions, with various types classified based on hydraulic and organic loading rates.

Uploaded by

nikhil.2716101422
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trickling filter

Attached Growth Treatment


In this treatment, the microorganisms that are used for the
conversion of nutrients or organic material are attached to the
inert packing material.

The organic material is removed from the wastewater flowing


past the biofilm or the attached growth.

Sand, gravel, rock, and a wide variety of plastic and other


synthetic material is used as the packing material. They can be
used both as aerobic when partially submerged in wastewater or
as anaerobic when fully submerged and no air space above it.
Trickling Filter: This is the most widely used attached growth process in
which microorganisms attached to a medium are used to remove organic
matter from wastewater.
It consists of a rotating distribution arm that sprays wastewater above the
bed of plastic material or other coarse material. The spacing between the
packing allows air to easily circulate so that aerobic conditions are present.
The media in the bed is covered by a layer of biological slime containing
bacteria, fungi etc. that adsorbs and consumes the waste trickling through
the bed.
Rotating Biological Contactors: It consists of a series of closely spaced
circular plastic disks that are attached to a rotating hydraulic shaft. 40% of
the bottom of each plate is dipped in the wastewater and the film which
grows on the disk moves in and out of the wastewater.
Trickling filters enable organic material in the wastewater to be
adsorbed by a population of microorganisms (aerobic, anaerobic,
and facultative bacteria; fungi; algae; and protozoa) attached to
the medium as a biological film or slime layer (approximately 0.1
to 0.2 mm thick).
As the wastewater flows over the medium, microorganisms
already in the water gradually attach themselves to the rock, slag,
or plastic surface and form a film. The organic material is then
degraded by the aerobic microorganisms in the outer part of the
slime layer.
As the layer thickens through microbial growth, oxygen cannot
penetrate the medium face, and anaerobic organisms develop.
As the biological film continues to grow, the microorganisms near
the surface lose their ability to cling to the medium, and a portion
of the slime layer falls off the filter. This process is known as
sloughing. The sloughed solids are picked up by the under drain
system and transported to a clarifier for removal from the
wastewater.
Filter :-
Filter :-
Components of trickling filter

Packing
Trickling filter uses packing medium composed of crushed stone, slag, rock or
plastic over which wastewater is distributed continuously
The ideal medium should have the following properties:
• high specific surface area,
• high void space,
• light weight,
• biological inertness,
• chemical resistance,
• mechanical durability, and
• low cost.
The important characteristics of medium includes
a) Porosity: It is a measure of the void space available for passage of the
wastewater and air and for ventilation of product gases.
b) Specific surface area: It refers to the amount of surface area of the media that is
available for biofilms growth.
c) Size of the medium ranges from 50-100 mm having specific surface area in the
range of 50-65 m2/m3
Wastewater dosing
Influent wastewater is normally applied from the top of the trickling filter.
Under a hydraulic head of about 1.0 m, jet action through the nozzles is
sufficient to power the rotor. As the flow is intermittent, there is enough air
circulation through the pores between dosing. The distributer arm distributes
the wastewater continuously over the medium, which trickles down through
the bed.

Under-drain
It is used in trickling filters to support the filter medium, collect the treated
effluent and the sloughed biological solids, and circulate the air through the
filter.
The liquid flow in under-drains and collection channels should not be more
than half full for adequate air flows.
PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF TRICKLING FILTER

• A rotary or stationary distribution mechanism distributes wastewater from the


top of the filter percolating it through the interstices of the film-covered
medium.
• As the wastewater moves through the filter, the organic matter is adsorbed
onto the film and degraded by a mixed population of aerobic microorganisms.
• The oxygen required for organic degradation is supplied by air circulating
through the filter induced by natural draft or ventilation.
• As the biological film continues to grow, the microorganisms near the surface
lose their ability to cling to the medium, and a portion of the slime layer falls off
the filter. This process is known as sloughing
• The sloughed solids are picked up by the under-drain system and transported to
a clarifier for removal from the wastewater.

Microorganisms used
▪ The microorganisms used are mainly facultative bacteria that decompose the
organic material in the wastewater along with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
▪ It includes Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Psudomonas, and alcaligenes.
▪ In the lower reaches of the filter, the nitrifying bacteria are usually present.
Types of Trickling Filter:-
On the basis of hydraulic & organic loading rates trickling filter are classified
as:
1) Low Rate Trickling Filter or Standard Trickling Filter or Conventional Filter
2) Intermediate Rate Trickling Filter
3) High Rate Trickling Filter
4) Super Rate Trickling Filter
Construction details are same.
No provision is made in low rate trickling filter for recirculation of sewage through the
filter to and re-passing through the filter.

Recirculation ratio 0 to 1 for intermediate, 1 to 3 for high rate & 1 to 4 for super rate filter.
Intermediate rate trickling filter employ rock, gravel & slag as filter media.
High rate filter employ rock, slag & synthetic material such as plastic modules as filter
media.
16)
Super rate filter employ synthetic material.
Construction of Trickling Filter:-
1) Essentially consists of a masonry or RCC tank which circular or rectangular in plan.
2) Coarse aggregates of impervious nature is filled in this tank which acts as filtering
media.

3) The under drainage system is provided in the bed to collect the effluent.
4) The depth of tank ranges from 1.25 to 2.5m for intermediate filter, 0.9 to 2.5 m for high
rate filter, 4.5 to 12 m for super rate filter.

5) In low rate trickling filter, depth is 1.8 to 3m.


6) In filter sufficient natural ventilation should be there to increase efficiency.
7) The most common filter media crushed stones, blast furnace slag, anthracite coal, clinker,
etc are used.

8) The size of media should be between 30 mm to 100 mm.

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