AVTMMTO3XX

Rev 3
Sept 2013

Instruction Manual
for
Transformer Ohmmeter
DC Winding Resistance Test Set

MTO300
MTO330

Catalog Number MTO300

Catalog Number MTO330

Read this entire manual before operating.

M
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
U.S.A.

610-676-8500

www.megger.com
 Transformer Ohmmeter
DC Winding Resistance Test Set

MTO300/MTO330
Copyright© 2011 by Megger. All rights reserved.

The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the product.
If the product or its individual instruments are used for purposes other than those specified herein,
confirmation of their validity and suitability must be obtained from Megger. Refer to the warranty
information below. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

WARRANTY

Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of
one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option,
defective equipment. Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured.
Contact your MEGGER representative for instructions and a return authorization (RA) number. Please
indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms. Also specify the serial number and the
catalog number of the unit. This warranty does not include batteries, lamps or other expendable items,
where the original manufacturer’s warranty shall apply. We make no other warranty. The warranty is
void in the event of abuse (failure to follow recommended operating procedures) or failure by the
customer to perform specific maintenance as indicated in this manual.

Valley Forge Corporate Center

2621 Van Buren Ave
Norristown, PA 19403-2329

610-676-8500 (Telephone)
610-676-8610 (Fax)

www.megger.com
 Table of Contents

1 Getting to know the MTO ..................................................................................................................................1

Product Overview 300/330 ................................................................................................................................1
Top Panel Controls ..............................................................................................................................................2
2 Safety ......................................................................................................................................................................7
Safety is the responsibility of the user ...............................................................................................................7
General Safety Precautions .................................................................................................................................8
Input Power Precautions .....................................................................................................................................9
PC Interface Precautions.................................................................................................................................. 10
3 Preparing for a Test........................................................................................................................................... 11
Site Preparation.................................................................................................................................................. 11
Making Circuit Connections ............................................................................................................................ 11
4 Operating the MTO300/330 ........................................................................................................................... 13
Description of Test Sequence ......................................................................................................................... 13
5 Transformer Testing ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Winding Resistance Testing ............................................................................................................................. 19
Testing a Single-Phase Transformer ............................................................................................................... 20
Testing Delta Configured Windings ............................................................................................................... 35
Demagnetizing a Transformer......................................................................................................................... 37
6 MTO330/300 Series PowerDB Lite............................................................................................................... 43
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
Software Installation ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Using PowerDB Lite ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Using PowerDB OnBoard (MTO330 only) .................................................................................................. 53
7 Service ................................................................................................................................................................. 55
Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
Fuse Replacement ............................................................................................................................................. 55
Calibration .......................................................................................................................................................... 56
Repairs................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Error Codes ........................................................................................................................................................ 58

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 List of Figures
MTO300 Transformer Ohmmeter Test Set ........................................................................................................ iii
MTO330 Transformer Ohmmeter Test Set ........................................................................................................ iii
Figure 1: MTO300 Front Panel .......................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2: MTO330 Front Panel .......................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3. HOME Action Icons ............................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 4: Single Winding Measurement Primary or Secondary .......................................................................20
Figure 5: Dual Winding Measurement (Primary and Secondary) ....................................................................21
Figure 6: YN reading sequence .............................................................................................................................32
Figure 7: Y reading sequence ............................................................................................................................33
Figure 8: Delta reading sequence .....................................................................................................................34

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 Upon Receipt of Product
Prior to operation, check for loosened hardware or damage incurred during
transit. If these conditions are found, a safety hazard is likely, DO NOT attempt
to operate equipment. Please contact Megger as soon as possible.

MTO300 Transformer Ohmmeter Test Set MTO330 Transformer Ohmmeter Test Set

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 1
Getting to know the MTO
Product Overview 300/330
The Megger Transformer Ohmmeter is a line-operated, field-portable instrument
designed specifically to measure the DC resistance of all types of magnetic
windings safely and accurately.

Its predominant use is the measurement of the DC resistance of all types of

transformer windings within the defined range of resistance. It can also test
rotating machine windings and perform low resistance measurements on
connections, contacts and control circuits.

It is recommended that the user becomes familiar with the MTO before making
any connection to a transformer.

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Top Panel Controls

Figure 1: MTO300 Front Panel

Figure 2: MTO330 Front Panel

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 Getting to Know the MTO

Input AC Power Module:

This module is an IEC320 interface to the mains power. The module
has an integrated switch, fuse holder and input filter module. Above
the module are the voltage, frequency and power requirements for
the product. Below the module are the fuse type and ratings based
on the input voltage used. The green light on the right side of the
module illuminates when power is ON.
O , OFF position
1 (-) , ON position

Primary Interface connection from the transformer to the unit:

This connection has all of the interfaces required to connect
current and voltage inputs from a three phase transformer into
the MTO300 unit.
Discharge Indicator – blinks every ½ second when a
transformer is discharging
Test Indicator – stays on when a transformer is energized.

Secondary/Tertiary Interface connection from the

transformer to the unit:
This connection has all of the interfaces required to connect
current and voltage inputs from a three phase transformer into
the MTO300 unit.

Ethernet Connection:
This connection links a PC used for control with the MTO300.
NOTE: port is not network compatible. DO NOT USE ON A
LOCAL AREA NETWORK. The system was designed for peer to
peer operation.

Earth/Ground Lug
This connection is used to connect a transformer under test to
earth ground for safety. The transformer and the MTO shall be at
the power ground/earth potential when being operated.

Emergency Shut Down Switch

This switch, when pushed will disable the source power supply
and automatically discharge the transformer. The instrument is
continuously monitoring this switch in the event of an emergency.
If the switch is engaged, no testing can commence.

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Remote Control Switch

This connector is used to interface with a remote switch. This
switch is primarily used when testing On-Load Taps of a
transformer
The Remote Control Switch can remotely start the MTO test and
store multiple resistances reading for tap changes. The storage
function in remote mode is sequential and occurs during a
continuous resistance test.

MTO330 TOP PANEL FACILITIES

Qwerty Keyboard
Interface is used to enter field data and control instrument.

Power Button
This button must be used to close down the software before the
main power switch is turned off.

Home Button
Toggles Home Action icons.

Help Button
Provides on screen help to assist operator.

Information Button
Provides on screen information to assist operator.

Page Up Button
Large forms may have multiple pages of results. This button is
used to toggle up the page sequence.

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 Getting to Know the MTO

Page Down Button

Large forms may have multiple pages of results. This button is
used to toggle down the page sequence.

Test Button
Initiates and Terminates Testing.

Tab Button
Allows user to select active area of screen.

Home Button
Toggles HOME action icons.

Use Arrow keys to highlight a desired selection.

Use the Enter button (in center) to Activate the selection.

Ethernet Interface
Used for linking a PC to the top panel for instrument control.

USB Interface
Used for software updates, data transfer and printer output.

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HOME Action Icons

Select to create NEW test

Select to RECALL test

Select to SAVE Test.

Select to ZOOM-IN

Select to ZOOM-OUT

Print Icon. Prints the Selected Test Form. Printer driver is factory installed. Please
contact Megger for specific printer model availability.

Select to enter PREFERENCES screen

Figure 3. HOME Action Icons

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 2
Safety
Safety is the responsibility of the user
Only qualified and trained operators should operate the MTO system. Operator
must read and understand this entire Instruction Manual prior to operating the
equipment. Operator must follow the instructions of this Instruction Manual and
attend the equipment while the equipment is in use. In the event of equipment
malfunction, the unit should immediately be de-energized and returned to
Megger for repair.

“The Safety precautions herein are not intended to replace your Company’s
Safety Procedures. Refer to e.g. IEEE 62-1995/IEEE C57.152 and IEEE 510 -
1983, IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and High-
Power Testing, for additional information.”

WARNING
When applying current to a transformer with very high

F
inductance, care should be taken not to remove current/voltage
leads while DC current is still flowing. This causes an extremely
high voltage to develop across the point where current is broken.
This voltage could prove to be dangerous to personnel and
equipment.

F
WARNING
It is very important not change De-Energized Tap Changers while
current is still flowing. This can cause excessive voltage arcs
within the transformer and on external terminals.

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General Safety Precautions

The MTO and the Unit Under Test (UUT) should both be considered as sources
of instantaneously lethal levels of electrical energy. Observe the following safety
precautions:

 Observe all safety warnings on the equipment. They identify areas of

immediate hazard that could result in injury or death.

 Use this equipment only for the purposes described in this manual. Observe
strictly the Warning and Caution information provided in this manual.

 Treat all terminals of high-voltage power equipment systems as potential

electric shock hazards. Use all practical safety precautions to prevent contact
with energized parts of the equipment and related circuits.

 Energy on some terminals of a transformer can easily transfer to other

terminals of a transformer. When testing thransformers, assume all terminals
are energized at all times for safety purposes.

 Use suitable barriers, barricades and/or warnings to keep persons not directly
involved with the work away from test activities.

 Never connect the test equipment to energized equipment.

 Do not use in an explosive atmosphere.

 Use the grounding and connection procedures recommended in this manual.

Always disconnect test leads from power equipment before attempting to
disconnect them at the test set. The ground connection MUST be the first
made and removed last. Any interruption of the grounding connection can
create an electrical shock hazard.

 Personnel higher than 5 feet should follow proper tie off safety requirements.

 Personnel should use proper safety gear to prevent bodily harm.

 Personnel using heart pacemakers should obtain expert advice on the

possible risks before operating this equipment or being close to the
equipment during operation.

 Fuse selection is dependent on input voltage. 230VAC uses 3.15 amp fuses
and 120VAC uses 6.3 amp fuses.

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 Safety

WARNING

F No user serviceable parts inside! Refer all

servicing to the factory or a qualified authorized
service company!

CAUTION

F Use only factory supplied mains cord! Mains

cord shall not be substituted!

Input Power Precautions

This instrument operates from a single-phase, sine wave, power source. It has a
three-wire power cord and requires a two-pole, three-terminal (live, neutral, and
ground) type input source. The voltage to ground from the live pole of the
power source must be within the following rated operating voltage:

For Cat. No MTO3XX: 120/230 V 10%, single-phase sine, 48 to 62 Hz

The neutral pole must be at ground potential. Before making connection to the
power source, determine that the instrument rating matches the voltage of the
power source. The power input plug must be inserted only into a mating
receptacle with a ground contact.

WARNING

F
Do not bypass the grounding connection. Any interruption of the
grounding connection can create an electric shock hazard.
Determine that the receptacle is properly wired before inserting
the plug.

The control circuits of the instrument are protected by two mains circuit fuses.
These fuses are located in the ON/OFF switch module and are replaceable by
the operator. Please consult the manufacturer for proper replacement fuses to
avoid electric shock and fire hazard. A detailed procedure for Fuse Replacement is
defined in Section 7 - Service.

F WARNING
Before replacing the fuses, disconnect the
power input plug from the live power source.

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PC Interface Precautions
The MTO300 instrument was designed to operate as a peer to peer connection
between a Personal Computer with Windows OS and the Test Unit.
 Unit is NOT designed for network operation. DO NOT Connect MTO300
to a network.
 The TCPIP interface selected for MTO is in the limited connectivity AutoIP
address range. PC’s will take approximately 1 minute to auto-address the
MTO unit.
 For proper unit functionality, the registry of the MTO300 interfaced network
adapter will be modified with a setting Tcpackfrequency = 1. This
modification improves the MTO communications speed by approximately a
factor of 10. If your corporation does not allow registry for a built in
Ethernet port, you have one of three options.

 Use the USB to Ethernet adapter provided.

 Order a MTO330 Interface Panel.

 Order a MTO210 Interface Panel.

 The internal server IP address is 168.254.1.1, Subnet Mask

255.255.0.0.

The MTO330 is a standard PC. For network operability it may need to be

registered with your IT department.

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 3
Preparing for a Test
Site Preparation
Choose a location that meets the following conditions:

 The location is as dry as possible.

 There is no flammable material stored in the vicinity.

 The test area is adequately ventilated.

 Be sure all equipment is de-energized and all terminals of the Unit Under
Test (UUT) are accessible.

 Erect suitable safety barriers to protect the operator from traffic hazards and
to prevent intrusion by unauthorized personnel. User provided Warning
lights are recommended.

 Verify that the Local station ground is intact and has impedance continuity to
earth.

Making Circuit Connections

Connections should be made in the order as listed below.

1. Ground. Use the Megger supplied Safety Ground Cable (15 ft (4.6 m)) to
connect the MTO Wing Nut Ground Terminal directly to Local Station
Earth Ground. Ensure that the Transformer chassis also has a low
impedance connection to Local Station Earth ground potential.

2. Input Power Source Ground. Input Power Source Ground Terminal

should be less than 100 milliohms of impedance to Local Station Earth
Ground.

3. Connect the Input Power Cord. Before making this connection, insure
the Input Power Source meets the requirements as listed in Section 2 Safety
and the specifications as listed in the datasheet. Also make sure that the
ON/OFF switch (Figure 1) is in the OFF position. Connect the input
power cable to the MTO first, then to the power source. At this time,
leave the ON/OFF switch in the OFF position.
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4. Connect the Ethernet Cable. If using a remote PC and PowerDB Lite

software, connect the Ethernet cable from the MTO330 side panel or the
MTO300 front panel to the PC Ethernet port. A standard RJ45 Ethernet
cable will work fine for this application. Connect the PC Ethernet output
to the MTO300 at this time.

5. Connect the Remote Control cable (optional). If the user chooses to

operate the MTO from a remote distance then, connect the RCC cable at
this time.

6. Connect the H and X leads (to the MTO end only at this time).
With the clamps disconnected from the UUT, connect the H and X
cables to the MTO at this time. Be sure that all plugs are fastened
securely to the MTO so they will not become loose even in the event of
the operator inadvertently tripping over the current leads. Once the
connectors are inserted into the panel, a ¼ turn locking mechanism will
secure the connection.

7. Connecting to the Transformer. When testing high-voltage

transformers, caution must be used at all times and all safety precautions
followed. Read, understand, and employ all safety precautions and circuit
connections described in Sections 2 Safety and Section 3 Preparing for Test.

WARNING

F
Ensure that the transformer to be tested is completely
de-energized. Check every winding. Ensure that all
terminals of the transformer are disconnected from line
or load at the transformer. Connections to ground may
be left in place.

F
WARNING
For all testing as described herein, care shall be taken
to ensure any and all unused clamps be isolated from
each other, from ground, and from personnel.

At this time, make the connections to the Transformer Under Test (TUT), as
described in the applicable section of Section 5, Connecting to the Transformer Under
Test.

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 4
Operating the MTO300/330
When testing high-voltage transformers, caution must be used at all times and all
safety precautions followed. Read, understand, and employ all safety precautions
and circuit connections described in Section 2 Safety and Section 3 Preparing for
Test.
WARNING

F
Ensure that the transformer to be tested is completely
de-energized. Check every winding. Ensure that all
terminals of the transformer are disconnected from line
or load at the transformer. Connections to ground may
be left in place.

F
WARNING
For all testing as described herein, care shall be taken
to ensure any and all unused clamps shall be isolated
from each other, from ground, and from personnel.

F
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE

Press red EMERGENCY TEST OFF push button

or switch power off.

Description of Test Sequence

Once all the precautions and steps of Sections 2 Safety and 3 Prepare for Test are
complete, and the connections to the Transformer Under Test (TUT) have been
made, then the input switch may be switched to the ON position.

0 , OFF position

1 (-) , ON position

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TEST FUNCTION

1. Entering the test report information.

2. Entering the transformer nameplate information.

3. Starting the test.

4. Data Display.

5. Stopping the test

6. Populating the PowerDB table

7. Saving the data

AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE FUNCTION

Discharge of a transformer after testing is critical to prevent excessive voltage

buildup across the transformer bushings upon removal of leads. When any
current source is disconnected from a transformer, the energy in a transformer
will continue to flow. If there is high impedance (air) in the nature current loop,
the voltage across the inductor will increase until there is a current path found
for the energy. The MTO3XX has discharge circuitry built-in. It will
automatically initiate when the current source is disconnected from the
transformer. It will also provide visual indication of discharging on the front
panel and the PC screen.
DEMAGNETIZATION FUNCTION

The demagnetization of a transformer after DC winding resistance testing

is recommended. This will ensure smooth startup and consistent diagnostic
results. If not performed, there may be a residual flux present in the transformer
at startup. Inrush currents on the primary side of the transformer may exceed
relay settings for shutdown. Demagnetization is also recommended before
performing SFRA and excitation current measurements.

MTO demagnetizes the transformer by automatically magnetizing the core of the

transformer in the positive and negative direction with multiple cycles of reduced
current. During demagnetization, the system will display what cycle the unit is
processing.

Primary H leads need to be the only leads attached for effective

demagnetization.

NOTE: The demagnetization cycle will take some time for completion. It is
equivalent to taking multiple tests in sequence.

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 Operating the MTO

REMOTE TEST FUNCTION

The main purpose of this function is to take sequential data to storage during a
single test. It is useful for tap change testing where multiple resistance values are
read in sequence with no interruption in current flow.

1. Connect Remote Control Cable to the remote connector on the front

panel of the instrument.

2. Power ON (-) the instrument.

3. Start PowerDB software and follow the standard transformer setup

procedures

4. Once the MTO3XX control software is displayed, the remote button will
be automatically detected and the test button on the screen will display
ACTIVE.

5. STATE 1 – ready condition – Indicator will be off.

The operator will go to the tap changer, verify it is in the correct

starting position, and then to start the first test, press .

6. STATE 2 – Transformer Charging and/or Stabilizing – The Remote

Indicator will slow flash (once per second) (ON,OFF,ON,OFF) to
indicate charging.

7. STATE 3 – Stable Reading/ measurement mode - When the Remote

Indicator goes steady (L,L,L,L) the reading is stable. ( Y Stability and X
timeframe)

8. Pressing will cause the stable result to be saved to memory. The

Remote Indicator will flash quickly 6 times. (L,O,L,O) ¼ second cycle.

9. STATE 4 – Transition monitoring phase - After a save, the MTO screen

will present a message requesting the user to change the TAP. At this
point, the transition monitoring circuit is activated. The Remote

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Indicator will flash quickly 3 time and pause three times

( L,O,L,O,L,O/O,O,O,O,O,O/L,O,L,O,L,O) ¼ sec cycle.

10. User should change the TAP.

11. If the current transition detection occurs, the unit goes into STATE 5 - (
5ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms) and the Remote Indicator will flash rapidly.
(L,O,L,O) ¼ sec interval continuously. The user can go back to the User
interface for repeat of test or can press the remote button, save the event
and start reading the resistance of the next tap.

12. If a 200 milli-seconds current transition detection has occurred,

Discharge State will be initiated. Remote Indicator will flash slowly until a
discharge has occurred. The Remote Indicator will slow flash (once per
second) (ON,OFF,ON,OFF) to indicate discharging.

13. Press to record the reading again and the process continues until all
transformer taps are tested.
FIRMWARE UPDATE MODE

The MTO3XX has an internal processor with associated firmware. From time to
time, Megger changes this firmware for operational improvements or added
features. This section describes the method for changing the firmware on an
MTO 300 and 330.

ATTAINING THE LATEST SOFTWARE:

The best way to attain the latest software is to visit Megger.com. Once you are on the
site:
 Select the country you are located in.
 You may have to register to log in on the site.
 Select “Software Downloads”.
 Select MTO. There should be a list of software available for download as
well as the detailed instructions for performing this task.
 Select the latest firmware version available. The software is self contained as
a ZIP file.
 Download the file and run.
 A Megger Welcome Screen will appear on the PC display.
 Before moving forward connect the PC to the MTO300 via an Ethernet
cable.

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 Operating the MTO

 Follow the instructions on the screen or download the detailed instruction

set for print. The software and instructions will guide you thru a step by step
process of selecting the Ethernet Interface, verifying that the MTO is
connected, power cycling the MTO to synchronize the boot loader with the
PC, selecting the file for download and downloading the firmware to the
instrument.
 At the end of the process, the software should display Successful download.
 The unit will have to be power cycled to exit boot loader mode.

ATTAINING THE POWERDB SOFTWARE:

The best way to attain the latest software is to visit Megger.com. Once you are on the
site:
 Select the country you are located in.
 You may have to register to log in on the site.
 Select Software Downloads.
 Select the PowerDB link
 Download the instruction file and print before any other steps are followed.
 Read the instruction carefully.
 Follow the instructions step by step to assure the process completes fully and
successfully.
 At the end of the Update process, the unit should be ready for testing.

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 5
Transformer Testing

F
WARNING
When testing a transformer or regulator, make sure that a good
ground is placed on the test specimen as shown on all
connection diagrams.

Winding Resistance Testing

Winding resistance measurements in transformers are of fundamental
importance for the following purposes:
 Calculations of the I2R component of conductor losses (factory test).
 Calculation of winding temperature at the end of a temperature test cycle,
(factory test).
 As a diagnostic tool for field testing a transformer for assessing possible
damage in the field e.g. additional contact resistance in the current paths
from winding to bushing or in the tap changer.

Transformers are subject to vibration. Problems or faults occur due to poor

design, assembly, handing, poor environments, overloading or poor
maintenance. Measuring the resistance of the windings and termination
resistance assures that the connections are correct and the resistance
measurements indicate that there are no severe mismatches or opens. Many
transformers have taps built into them. These taps allow ratio to be increased or
decreased by fractions of a percent. Any of the ratio changes involve a
mechanical movement of a contact from one position to another. These tap
changes should also be checked during a winding resistance test.

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Testing a Single-Phase Transformer

Below are some graphics on the three methods of testing a single winding
transformer.
SINGLE-WINDING TEST

I H1 X1

H1
V

H2
I H2 X2

I X1 H1

X1
V

X2
I X2 H2

Figure 4: Single Winding Measurement Primary or Secondary

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 Transformer Testing

Figure 5: Dual Winding Measurement (Primary and Secondary)

F WARNING
Do not disconnect leads until all indicators are OFF!

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect line cord to unit and plug into 120 V/230 V socket.

2. Connect Safety GND cord from Top Panel to Transformer GND.

3. MTO300- Connect Ethernet cable between PC and MTO300

4. Connect H and/or X lead set to the MTO3XX

5. Connect the H and/or X lead set to the Transformer as shown in above figures.

6. Turn the MTO300 power switch "ON" (-).

7. Turn the PC power “ON”.

8. MTO300 Start the PowerDB program. For detailed information on PowerDB, please refer to
the PowerDB user manual and additionally the Help Screen for the software. The Help screen and
PowerDB manuals will stay more up to date than this manual.

9. MTO300 and PowerDB Lite - Select the instrument MTO300 from the instrument
setup screen.

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10. MTO300 - Select the form desired for use. This manual employs form number
56353/MTO300/330 Winding Resistance.

11. The form will be displayed and the user will be ready to start the process.

12. Selecting an existing form – this is handy for customers that have a form and
transformer configuration they are using on a regular basis.
a. MTO300 – File/Open or the file folder icon will give you the list of forms
on the machine. Select the template form and press enter.
b. MTO330 – Use Home screen Action Icons to select various functions
(including Preferences, Open, Save, New, Print)

13. Enter all of the header information with pertinent information. For users not using
PowerDB for asset management, there is a button to show header information; click
on it and the header will not appear on the form.
a. MTO300 can use the arrow keys, Tab and Alt Tab as well as a mouse to
traverse the header information.
b. MTO330 can use the arrow keys and Tab/Alt Tab to traverse the header
information.

14. Enter the transformer nameplate information. The transformer configuration field is
required. This is selectable through the left/right arrow on the graphic screen. The
transformer configuration dictates the test method of the instrument, if it is wrong,
the instrument will not present the result expected.
a. MTO300 can use the arrow keys, Tab and Alt Tab as well as a mouse to
traverse the header information.
b. MTO330 can use the arrow keys and Tab/Alt Tab to traverse the header
information.

15. Form Setting Button – Enter the information for the form. Key number is Allowed
Error %. This number is used to highlight winding to winding difference numbers
for a three phase transformer when they exceed this defined limit.

Calculation for % difference is (Phase 1 + Phase 2 + Phase 3)/3 = Average Value

Ph1 error = ABS(Phase 1 – Average Value)

Ph2 error = ABS(Phase 2 – Average Value)

Ph3 error = ABS(Phase 3 – Average Value)

Max Ph error/Average Value * 100 = Difference %

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 Transformer Testing

16. Instrument Settings Button – Setup the MTO for the testing methodology of the
instrument.

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a. The Title Bar for this window displays the program title (MTO Setup) and
the version number of the program.
b. Communications button – Indicates that the MTO is connected and
communicating with the top panel (MTO330) or PC (MTO300).

i. Green flashing and display of instrument serial number, firmware

and calibration date indicate proper operation.

ii. Red with no information means there is a communications

problem.

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 Transformer Testing

 Check MTO Power,

 Check to make sure the Ethernet wire is connected.
 Disable any wireless connections.
 Check Ethernet configuration.
a. Current (Amps) – pull down box for setting the current test level.
b. Current Transition (BREAK/MAKE) Sensitivity (For detecting a current
drop below 90% of the set current level) – This is a pull-down item that
displays the time it takes before a error occurs.

i. 0 = Off – The hardware will shut down if time exceeds

200milliseconds

ii. 1 = 80milliseconds

iii. 2 = 40milliseconds

iv. 3 = 20 milliseconds

v. 4 = 5 milliseconds

c. Demag – This is a pull-down item to select the current path for

demagnetization:

i. (H) High side H1-H2 recommended for all demagnetization

ii. (X) Low side X1-X2 added for special circumstances

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d. Resistance Stability – This is a pull-down item to select the level for

acceptable resistance reading stability from one period of time (average data
for 1 to 5 seconds) vs. a second period of time (average data for 6 to 10
seconds).

i. 99%

ii. 99.5%

iii. 99.75%

iv. 99.825%

NOTE: Due to the nature of this measurement, the user will have to wait during
the acquisition cycle for a minimum of the time period specified to assure
good stability numbers. Software will start at zero and work toward
100% stability with time and stable measurements.

e. Resistance Time Limit for valid reading - This is a pull-down item to select
the amount of time before a reading is verified as stable. 10 seconds was used
in the stability reading example. For large transformers, it may be necessary
to extend the period to assure stable readings. Extending the Time Limit will
also increase the averaging routine improving low value readings.

i. 10 seconds

ii. 20 seconds

iii. 40 seconds

iv. 80 seconds

v. 180 seconds

f. Save and Close – button to accept and exit Instrument Setup.

g. Cancel and Close – button to cancel and exit Instrument Setup.
h. Status Window – Much clearer description of sections on the screen for
those of you who do not like reading manuals.

17. Testing the transformer requires the user to decide a method of testing. To simplify
this process, PowerDB has included a Test Wizard to assure the customer
understands the testing method to choose. For a single winding transformer, there
are basically two methods of testing the transformer. The first method would be to
test the High Side, record the information and test the Low Side and record the
information. This method of testing is beneficial if the high side resistance is much
larger than the low side resistance. The high side resistance can be tested at 1 amp
and the low side resistance can be measured at 10 amps. The second method of

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 Transformer Testing

testing would be to measure the high and low side at the same time. This is the
recommended test mode when measuring Low Voltage Delta connections.
a. Two shortcuts are included for seasoned users. Right clicking on a specific
resistance cell will start a test for that specific cell. Right clicking on a specific
Row will start a test sequence of three measurements for all three cells in a
row. New users should use the test wizard for additional test guidance.
b. Select Test Wizard(F2). The first question asked is dual current injection or
single current injection.

c. If dual current injection, select 1 and press next.

d. The next question will be what winding/s should be tested. For single phase
transformers, (1) All and (2) H1-H2-X1-X2 are the same. Select 1 and
continue.

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e. The next question will be what row/s for the high voltage winding will be
tested. If the transformer has no taps or the taps are defined as DETC, then
the software will only allow Selected Row.

f. The next question will be what row/s for the low voltage winding will be
tested. If the transformer has taps and the taps are defined as OLTC, then
the software will allow Selected Row (default), All Rows or Row Range
(partial testing). Once the winding and rows have been defined, press the
Test button to continue.

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 Transformer Testing

18. Once selected, the instrument display module will start. This is a universal screen
used for many transformer configurations. At the top is denoted the Transformer
configuration, the continental standard selected and the nominal current selected for
testing the transformer.

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19. The software will not automatically start testing as a safety precaution. A two step
process is required to energize the test specimen.

20. Additionally, Instrument (Test) Setup can be quickly accessed from this screen in the
event you want to check/change any settings before starting a test.

21. Prev Test – Gives the user the ability to go back only one step in a sequence of steps
that are run. This function will primarily be used during OLTC tap changer
operation.

22. Start – Manual Start of Test, Button will change status as test sequence continues.

23. Next Test – Gives the user the ability to skip forward one step in a sequence of steps
that are run.

24. Exit – Before and After testing, the user has the ability to exit the software without
saving data.

25. MESSAGE WINDOW – Grey area under the function buttons. This window will
constantly flash YELLOW defining the state of the machine as it is operating.

26. High Voltage Winding Resistance – display area for all information measured on the
high voltage side of the transformer.

27. Low Voltage Winding Resistance – display area for all information measured on the
low voltage side of the transformer.

28. Basic sequence of events for a test cycle

a. Start – manual start of test.
b. Charging – Unit drives the winding with voltage and current until the set
current level is reached.
c. Calibration – Once the unit is charged and stable, the unit will perform and
internal calibration to correct for any temperature and offset errors
associated with the hardware at the time of test.
d. Measuring Resistance – The unit will run continuously measuring resistance
and updating the screen. The current and resistance readings are undated
approximately once per second.

i. The stability reading is displayed giving the user an understanding

of how well the transformer resistance readings have stabilized.
100% is an excellent stability reading. After the stability reading
has met the Stability valid value for the stability time period, the
background of the value will turn green.

ii. There are two reasons stability readings may be low. The first is
the software starts the stability value at zero so the user must wait
for a specific amount of time, time for stable reading to assure
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 Transformer Testing

the reading is valid. Customers have the choice of saving and

continuing readings without a stable reading. Usually, this will be
after a certain amount of time, the reading is 99% stable and the
customer feels the readings are acceptable. If the Save Results
button is pushed immediately after starting a test, then data could
be saved with low stability numbers. The second thing that causes
stability readings to become low is measuring low resistance
readings with low current levels. The input signals for the
instrument will be so low that the reading fluctuate at a larger
percentage of the reading level. To help resolve this issue, test at
the highest possible current level. For very low resistances,
change the stability time duration to 180 seconds, This will
average more measurements together and effectively reduce the
noise level for really low measurement values.

e. Save Results – When the user has the readings he accepts as valid, he can
press the Save Results Button and the data
f. Finish – Shuts down the Measurement software and transfers all data back to
PowerDB.

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Testing a Three-Phase Transformer

Below is an outline of the test sequence.

1. Three-Phase Wye Configured Winding with Neutral

Figure 6: YN reading sequence

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 Transformer Testing

2. Three-Phase Wye Configured Winding, No Neutral Brought Out

Figure 7: Y reading sequence

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3. Three-Phase, Delta Configured Winding

Figure 8: Delta reading sequence

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 Transformer Testing

Testing Delta Configured Windings

Testing Delta winding resistance may be a very time consuming procedure, in
particular LV winding deltas the correct balance time can take up to 30-60
minutes for a large transformer. The method for improving test time for delta
configurations requires that both the high side and low side be connected in
series with the MTO’s current source (see connection Table 1). By using both
HV and LV windings to magnetize the core, the effective test magnetization
current increases with the turn ratio (simultaneous winding magnetization,
SWM).

As an example, testing the Low Voltage side of a 100/10 kV Yd transformer

with dual side injection at 10A is the same as testing only the Low Voltage side
of that same transformer 68 A. Even if only one side of the transformer needs to
be tested, connecting both high and low windings in series will speed the test up
by a factor of 10 or more.
DELTA WINDING RESISTANCE

Manufacturer’s winding resistance data are usually presented as per winding for
Y configurations and per terminal pairs for Delta windings. In the rare case that
manufacturer’s data is presented per winding also for a delta connection, the
recommendation is to recalculate the numbers to terminal pairs and compare
with the field measurement results.

Ravg = Average individual winding resistance

Rtp = Winding resistance between terminal pairs

Rtp=Ravg*0.6667

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TESTING TRANSFORMERS WITH TAP CHANGERS

F
WARNING
Make sure before changing taps to identify the types of tap
changers on the transformer and test accordingly per
instructions.

Many transformers used today have taps built into them. These taps allow ratio
to be increased or decreased by a few percent. Any of the ratio changes involve a
mechanical movement of a contact from one position to another. It is this
contact that needs to be checked by way of its contact resistance and mechanical
integrity.

The contact may go bad for a number of reasons.

1. Misaligned when manufactured causing insufficient surface contact. Full
load current overheats contact surface causing it to burn.
2. Current passing through contact exceeds full load rating.
3. Tap changing operation failing to have the required "Make Before Break"
sequence will create internal arcing of contact surface.
4. An off-load tap changer is switched while on load. Contact surface
becomes pitted and uneven.

Tap changers are divided into two types; “On-load” {DeEnergized Tap
Changer} and “Off-load” {On Load Tap Changer}. The OLTC tap
changer allows selection of ratio change while the transformer is in
service. This would mean the ratio of a transformer can be changed while
power (current) is still passing through it. The most common example of
this type of OLTC tap changer is a "Voltage Regulator".

The MTO is designed to test both DETC’s and OLTC’s.

For DETC taps, the software will direct the user to discharge the
transformer before changing taps. This will help assure the transformer,
equipment and user to not get damaged inadvertently.

For OLTC’s the software has three methods of testing. The first is
testing the taps in the same manner as a DETC, one tap at a time
stopping and filling in the form after each test. All of the TAPS can be
tested in sequence from 1 to 33 and then transferred to PowerDB form
and the last method is selecting a specific range of taps for testing if all
taps are not required for testing.

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 Transformer Testing

Because the instrument can be left on while changing from tap to tap, it
is possible to take measurements without discharging. The MTO will re-
balance after every tap change. If the current drops more than 10% for
the selected transition time sensitivity, then the MTO will indicate there
was a transition.

The transition times are set to 5ms, 20ms, 80ms and Off.

If a transition is detected over 5 msec and under 200 msecs, the unit will
flag a transition, but the current will continue flowing. The same thing
goes for 20 and 80 millisecond settings. If a transition is detected, the
unit will define the transition test time and the pass or fail test result.

If the current interruption is longer than about 200 ms, the MTO will
stop the test and discharge the transformer automatically.

Demagnetizing a Transformer
The MTO demagnetizes the transformer by automatically magnetizing the core
of the transformer in the positive and negative direction with multiple cycles of
reduced current. The demagnetization function is equivalent to generating test
currents for multiple resistance tests. During the demagnetizations cycle, the unit
will display the number of cycles left in the process.

1. Demagnetization only needs to be accomplished once after all testing is

complete.

2. Test leads should be attached to one terminal pair on high side (Primary)
windings for effective demagnetization. eg. H1-H2 is the standard
terminal connection that the MTO will drive current through.

3. Only one terminal pair (winding) needs to be demagnetized on a three-

phase transformer.

4. Press the DEMAG Button

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5. Press the DEMAG Button

6. Press the START Button

7. The unit automatically cycles thru a preset arrangement of current levels

to demagnetize the transformer after all of the resistance testing is
completed.

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 Transformer Testing

8. The form will have a Demagnetized Transformer printed in the

nameplate section of the form to confirm that a Demag was performed
as the last operation of the transformer testing. Any additional testing of
the transformer will clear this message.

Temperature Correction
It may be necessary to convert the resistance measurements to values
corresponding to the reference temperature in the transformer test report.

To estimate the winding temperature at the time of measurement is important.

There are three things needed to get the resistance readings corrected, Winding
material, Winding temperature and corrected to temperature.

Material Selection
In the PowerDB form, a material selector for each side of the transformer is
available Nameplate section of the form.

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Temperature Entry
If the transformer has winding temperature meters, use theses readings. Most
transformers will have a meter for each winding. Most meters are reading about
the same value for a static transformer. Use the average of the three readings and
place this number in the Winding Temp field of the Transformer nameplate
section of the form. A secondary method is to use the oil temperature. Use this
value in the winding temp field and oil temp field of the form.

Other information
 The transformer has been out of service for at least 3 hours
 The temperature of the insulating liquid has stabilized, and the difference
between the top and bottom temperature does not exceed 5ºC.

If the transformer is measured without oil, the winding temperature is normally

assumed to be the same temperature as the surrounding air.

Once the information and results are in the form, the results can be switched
from measured resistance to corrected resistance using the checkmark in the
transformer nameplate section.

Conversion of Resistance Measurements

Winding resistance measurements are normally converted to a standard reference

temperature.

The conversions are accomplished by the following formula:

Rs = Rm ( Ts + Tk )/( Tm + Tk )

where

Rs = resistance at desired temperature Ts

Rm = measured resistance

Ts = desired reference temperature

Tm = temperature at which resistance was measured

Tk = 234.5 (copper)

Tk = 225 (aluminum)

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Manual Mode Operation

At the bottom of the form is a separate table for manual mode operation. It may
be required to perform testing that is not typical for a normal test sequence or to
double check a measurement discrepancy generated in the normal test sequence.
This manual mode operation creates the ability to test just use single or dual
winding measurements with fixed output terminals and virtually unlimited
connection opportunities.

 Show Manual Tests – Check Button to turn off/on the manual test table.
 Right clicking on Test # will start a test with current flowing out H1, H2 and
X1 jumpered in the unit and Current return X2.
 Right clicking on the H1-H2 open cell will test resistance using H1-H2 leads.
 Right clicking on the X1-X2 open cell will test resistance using X1-X2 leads.
 Description, field is used to type any comments the customer wants to
describe the test.

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 6
MTO330/300 Series PowerDB Lite
Introduction
PowerDB Lite is a free, but limited capability, version of the PowerDB software
tool that is designed specifically to control and/or extract data from Megger
instruments. The primary difference between PowerDB Lite and PowerDB is
that PowerDB is designed to work with all manufacturers’ equipment and has
field and office synchronization capabilities. PowerDB Lite will present your test
data into a professional looking data form that can be sent to a printer or .pdf file
distiller such as PDF995.

PowerDB Lite allows you to use a sub-set of the standard PowerDB forms that
are appropriate for specific Megger instruments. PowerDB Lite detects the
instrument and enables the appropriate form(s). Data can be entered on-screen
or captured directly while using the test instrument. Completed data forms can
be saved as files to your computer.

For more information, or updates to the software, visit www.PowerDB.com.

Minimum Recommended System

 Operating System: Windows 2000 or later
 RAM: 64 MB RAM minimum, 512+ MB RAM recommended
 Processor: 300 MHz Pentium Class processor minimum, 1 GHZ or better
recommended

For information about the features of the full version of PowerDB please visit
our website at www.powerdb.com. Get acquainted with the following features by
scheduling a live demonstration at info@powerdb.com.
 Synchronize all of your test records into a Single Corporate Database
 Reduce Test Time
 Improve Data Integrity
 Standardize Test Procedures
 Easily use Historical Trending for evaluation of Test Results

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 Eliminates the need to install and maintain a software application per

instrument
 Eliminates all hand written test sheets
 Create your own test forms
 Use or modify one of our 200 built-in test forms
 One-step procedure to generate test reports with table of contents and
deficiency summaries
 Allows all of your field test data to be integrated with CMMS systems such as
Maximo or SAP
 Imports >From Many Other Industry Standard Software Applications
 Controls and Imports Data from many non-Megger Instruments

Software Installation
To install PowerDB Lite, load the PowerDB Lite CD into your CD-ROM drive
and follow the on-screen instructions.

1. Accept the terms of the License agreement.

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 Service

2. Choose the destination location for the PowerDB Lite files.

3. Select Default Settings.

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4. InstallShield Wizard will complete the installation of PowerDB Lite.

Click Finish to close the installation program.

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Using PowerDB Lite

1. SELECTING AN INSTRUMENT

1. Select your Instrument MTO3XX from the Instrument Setup screen.

a. You can always view the Instrument Setup screen from the Tools menu or
F3.

b. The MTO3XX uses Ethernet communication there is not need for

communications setup.

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c. Click OK on the Instrument Setup Screen to finish.

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2. SELECTING A FORM

Once you have defined the instrument, PowerDB will present the forms created
in the database and associated with that instrument. The factory default form is
56352.

3. ENTER HEADER AND NAMEPLATE DATA

a. Header and nameplate information can be manually typed into a form.
b. Header and nameplate information can be automatically loaded into a form
by opening an existing form on the unit and selecting NEW.

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4. OPENING AN EXISTING FILE

a. Select the File> Open menu item.

b. Browse to the file you would like to open.

c. Press the Open dialog button.
d. If the file contains multiple test dates, select the Date that you would like to
open for editing or select New to append a new set of results to the file. To
remove a set of results, click on the selected file and press the Delete button.

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5. ACQUIRING DATA

Follow instructions outlined in section 5 of the manual

6. COMMENTS AND DEFICIENCIES

When imported into the full version of PowerDB, the comments and
deficiencies on each form are used to generate summary reports. These summary
reports repeat the notations and lists the page number where reported. This
allows the user to scroll to a particular page to view a reported anomaly. For
more information on features of PowerDB use the Help Menu or visit us at our
website at www.PowerDB.com.

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7. SAVE THE DATA

a. Select the File>Save menu item, or press CTRL+S, or press the Save toolbar
button.
b. The Save As screen will allow you to specify a location and file name for your
PowerDB Lite XML file.

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Using PowerDB OnBoard (MTO330 only)

Navigating the screen

Use Arrows keys to highlight desired action

Use ENTER key (in center) to select highlighted action

HOME Screen Action Icons

Select HOME key to display Action Icons

ACTION ICONS:

Select NEW TEST to open new form

Additional information to be added when software is released.

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5. ACQUIRING DATA

Follow instructions outlined in Section 5 of the manual

6. COMMENTS AND DEFICIENCIES

When imported into the full version of PowerDB, the comments and
deficiencies on each form are used to generate summary reports. These summary
reports repeat the notations and lists the page number where reported. This
allows the user to scroll to a particular page to view a reported anomaly. For
more information on features of PowerDB use the Help Menu or visit us at our
website at www.PowerDB.com.

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Service
Maintenance
Maintenance should be performed only by qualified persons familiar with the
hazards involved with high-voltage test equipment. Read and understand Section
2, Safety, before performing any service.
Routine maintenance is required for the MTO test set.
The appearance of the MTO test set can be maintained by occasionally cleaning
the case, panel and cable assemblies.

1. Clean the outside of the carrying case with detergent and water. Dry with
a clean, dry cloth.

2. Clean the control panel with a cloth dampened with detergent and water.
Do NOT allow water to penetrate panel holes, because damage to
components on the underside may result. An all-purpose, household
spray cleaner can be used to clean the panel. Polish with a soft, dry cloth,
taking care not to scratch the display screen cover.

3. Clean the cables and mating panel receptacles with isopropyl or

denatured alcohol applied with a clean cloth.

4. Inspect the cable assemblies occasionally to ensure they are in good

condition.

Fuse Replacement
The electronic circuits in the MTO test set are protected by two mains fuses.
Fuse replacement is indicated if the electronic circuits do not function. Refer any
fuse replacement to qualified personnel. Please consult the manufacturer for
proper replacement fuses to avoid electric shock and fire hazard. Note that 2
spare fuses are included with each MTO.

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WARNING
Before replacing the fuses, disconnect the
power input plug from the live power source.

To replace fuse(s), proceed as follows:

1. Disconnect the power cord from the MTO test set.

2. Using a small flathead screwdriver, carefully remove the fuse holder of

the input power module installed on the right side of the MTO test set
front panel.
3. Remove and properly dispose of blown fuse(s).
4. Install new fuse(s) making sure to use the type specified by the
manufacturer.
5. Reinstall the fuse holder in its receptacle in the input power module.
Connect the power cord to the MTO test set and to an energized power
source. If the electronic circuits still do not function properly, contact the
factory for service.

Calibration
A complete performance and calibration check should be made at least once
every year. This will ensure that the MTO test set is functioning and calibrated
properly over the entire measurement range. The MTO calibration is performed
on each new or repaired unit before sending it to a customer. There is a special
MTO final calibration procedure which requires a NIST-traceable test equipment
to be used. As a result of such calibration procedure, each MTO test set may be
NIST certified.

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Repairs
Any service or repair of this equipment should only be performed by qualified
persons who are aware of electrical hazards and the necessary precautions
required to prevent injury.

Megger offers a complete Repair and Calibration Service and recommends that
its customers take advantage of this service for routine maintenance or in the
event of any equipment malfunction.

In the event that Service is required, contact your Megger representative for a
product Return Authorization (RA) number and shipping instructions.

Ship the product prepaid and insured and marked for the attention of the
Megger Repair Department. Please indicate all pertinent information, including
catalog number, serial number, and problem symptoms.

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ERROR CODES
MTO comes with a wide range of error codes to assure unit is working properly
and track down problems in a systematic manner. When an error code occurs,
the first thing to do is acknowledge the error by pressing enter and repeating the
test. If the error persists, review the possible causes and determine if you can
resolve the problem on site. If the basic cause a ruled out, contact Megger for
additional assistance. Bold Error codes are quite common with the possible
causes defined.

CODE Error Description Possible Cause

ESd ESD is pushed down Button is pushed down, internal cable is

disconnected, internal hardware failure

IntLoc Interlock interface is open (MTO210) Interlock Jumper removed, attached

interlock circuit broken, internal cable
disconnected

1XX Ethernet and top panel errors

101 No link between top panel and lower

acquisition board

102 Ethernet communication failed Check connection

Started acquisition before Ethernet link

established.

110 Current selection switch error

111 Function Mode switch error

112 Storage Mode Switch errors

113 I2C BUS error

114 LCD I2C bus error

115 LED I2C bus error

116 MUX I2C bus error

117 EEPROM failure

2.0 Initialization error

201 ADC internal zero calibration failure

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

202 ADC internal full-scale calibration failure

203 Onboard 5 volt supply out of range, too

high

204 Onboard 10 volt out of range, too high

205 Onboard 28 volt out of range, too high

206 VICOR power supply temperature is out of

range

207 Discharge circuit temperature is out of

range

208 2.5V reference is out of range

209 Zero reference is out of range

210 25V reference is out of range

211 VICOR power supply failed to regulate at 5

volts

212 VICOR power supply failed to regulate at

20 volts

213 VICOR power supply failed to regulate at

40 volts

214

215 VICOR power supply control loop circuit

failed

216 Too much voltage ripple for the 5 volt

supply

217 Too much voltage ripple for the 10 volt

supply

218 Too much voltage ripple for the 28 volt

supply

221 Too much voltage ripple for the 2.5 volt

reference

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

222 Too much voltage ripple for the 25 volt

reference

223 Too much voltage ripple for the VICOR

power supply at 5 volts

224 Too much voltage ripple for the VICOR

power supply at 20 volts

225 Too much voltage ripple for the VICOR

power supply at 40 volts

226 UNDER status input failed

227 OVER status input failed

228 EEPROM byte writing error

229 EEPROM byte reading error

230 EEPROM is uninitialized

231 Discharge temperature too much ripple

232 5V5 voltage out of range

233 5V5 voltage too much ripple

234 VICOR power supply failed at 5v, voltage

too high

235 VICOR power supply failed at 5v, voltage

too low

236 VICOR power supply failed at 20v, voltage

too high

237 VICOR power supply failed at 20v, voltage

too low

238 VICOR power supply failed at 40v, voltage

too high

239 VICOR power supply failed at 40v, voltage

too low

240 VICOR power supply failed at loop test,

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

voltage too low

241 Onboard 10v out of range, voltage too low

242 Onboard 28v out of range, voltage too low

243 Discharge temperature is out of range, too Unit overheated, fans filters clogged, fans
high not working, overuse, extremely hot test
conditions

244 VICOR temperature is out of range, too Unit overheated, fans filters clogged, fans
high not working, overuse, extremely hot test
conditions

245 VNOISE voltage out of range, too low.

246 VICOR temperature too much ripple

3.0 ADC_ERROR

301 ADC reading times out or ADC locks up

302 Internal error. Communication with ADC

failed.

303 ADC sample rate setting failed

304 ADC internal zero cal failed

305 ADC internal full-scale calibration failed

306 ADC cannot be restored back to normal

mode

307 ADC channel 1 selection failed

308 ADC channel 2 selection failed

309 ADC channel 3 selection failed

310 Too much noise/ripple on ADC readings

311 ADC failed, initialization

312 ADC failed, run time

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

313 ADC locks up, can not read

314 ADC channel 4 failed

4.0 HARDWARE_ERROR

401 Discharge takes too much time

402 VICOR protection failed, OVER is too long

or too short to reset

403 VICOR protection failed, OVER is too long

or too short to set

404 VICOR fast protection failed, OVER is too

long or too short to reset

405 VICOR fast protection failed, OVER is too

long or too short to set

406 Current Regulation failed at DAC=0

407 Current Regulation failed at 10mA range

408 Current Regulation failed at 100mA range

409 Current Regulation failed at 1A range

410 Current Regulation failed at 10A range

411 Current output not high enough

412 Too much ripple for Lamp On

413 Too much ripple for Lamp Off

414 Test Lamp voltage is too low

415 Test Lamp voltage is too high

416 Warning Lamp test failed

417 Remote lamp test failed

418 Relay test K1 on and K2 on failed

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

419 Relay test K1 off test failed

420 Relay test K2 off test failed

421 Relay test K3 on and K4on failed

422 Relay test K3 off test failed

423 Relay test K4 off test failed

465 OVER and UNDER failed during winding

resistance test

466 Current calibration failed during winding

resistance test

467 Voltage calibration failed during winding

resistance test

468 Received abort signal

469 System zero cal failed during current

regulation

470 No current setting has been set for current

control.

471 Current is flat or dropping while charging Current leads not connected

472 Break before make error Lead removed during testing. >10% current
change during testing.

473 H1+ failed, Vrelay3 failed

474 X3+ failed, K9 failed

475 I-SENSE failed

476 Auto-range, resistance is too high

477 Auto-range, current failed

478 Auto-range, current standard deviation too

high

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

479 Auto-range, voltage is too low

480 Current = 0

481 Over didn't stay set for normal transistor

protection test

482 Over didn't stay set for fast transistor

protection test

483 Transistor protection med-low failed,

OVER is too short to reset

484 Transistor protection med-low failed,

OVER is too short to set

485 Fast transistor protection high failed,

OVER is too short to reset

486 Fast transistor protection high failed,

OVER is too long to set

487 Fast transistor protection high failed,

OVER is too short to set

488 Current Regulation failed at 10mA range,

too low

489 Current Regulation failed at 100mA range,

too low

490 Current Regulation failed at 1A range, too

low

491 Current Regulation failed at 10A range, too

low

492 Relay K1 and K2 failed, current too low

493 Relay K3 and K4 failed, current too low

494 ESD Abort signal encountered Switch pushed down during test

496 Vicor failed during charge

497 Current rising too fast during charge

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CODE Error Description Possible Cause

498 Charge timeout error.

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