PERFORMANCE OF BOILERS

FORMUL AS
1. Boiler Output, Q
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
Where:
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝑚𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒; ,
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑠 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒; ,
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟; ,
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑘𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 = 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡, 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟, , ,
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

2.1 Developed Boiler Horsepower, D (In English Units)

𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐷= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝
(970)(34.5) 33475
Where:
𝐵𝑡𝑢
970.3 = 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑎𝑡 212𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑙𝑏
𝑙𝑏
34.5 = 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 1ℎ𝑝
ℎ𝑟

2
FORMUL AS
2.2 Developed Boiler Horsepower, D (in SI units)
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐷= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝
(2257.7)(15.65) 35322
Where:
𝑘𝐽
2257.7 = 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑎𝑡 212𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔
15.65 = 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 1ℎ𝑝
ℎ𝑟

3.1Rated Boiler Horsepower, R (In English Units)

𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑅= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
10
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑅= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
12
Where:
Note that the H.S. is based on hotter side or gas surface contact area.

3
FORMUL AS
3.2 Rated Boiler Horsepower, Rated bhp (In SI Units)
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑚2 )
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
0.91
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑚2 )
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
1.1
Where:
Note that the H.S. is based on hotter side or gas surface contact area.

4. Percent Rating, PeRa

𝐷
𝑃𝑒𝑅𝑎 = (100%)
𝑅
Where:
PeRa = refers to boiler itself (maybe higher or lower than 100%)

4
FORMUL AS
5. Factor of Evaporation, F.E.
(ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐹. 𝐸. =
𝐿𝑣
Where:
𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐿𝑣 = 2257.7 = 970.3 = 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏

6. Equivalent Evaporation, E.E.

𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝐸. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸. 𝑜𝑟
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
Where:
E.E = lbs/hr or kgs/hr of water which would have been evaporated from and at 100 degrees Celcius.

5
 FORMUL AS
7. Equivalent Specific Evaporation, E.E.s
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
(𝐸. 𝐸) 𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸. ℎ𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝐸. 𝐸. 𝑠 = = 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
Where: ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑙𝑏 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑓 = 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

8. Actual Specific Evaporation, A.S.E.

𝑚𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑙𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝐴. 𝑆. 𝐸. = 𝑜𝑟
𝑚𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

6
 FORMUL AS
9. Boiler Efficiency or Thermal Efficiency, 𝑒𝑏
𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
𝑒𝑏 = (100%)
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉
Where:
𝐻𝐻𝑉 = 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

10. Net Boiler Efficiency, 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑏

𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 − 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑏 = (100%)
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉

7
SUMMARY OF FORMUL AS
𝐷
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝑃𝑒𝑅𝑎 = (100%)
𝑅
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐷= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
(970)(34.5) 33475 𝐹. 𝐸. =
𝐿𝑣
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐷= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 = 𝐵ℎ𝑝 𝐸. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸.
𝑘𝑔
𝑜𝑟
𝑙𝑏
(2257.7)(15.65) 35322 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑓𝑡 2 ) 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
(𝐸. 𝐸) 𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸. ℎ𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑅=
10
𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 > 𝐸. 𝐸. 𝑠 = = 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑓𝑡 2 ) ℎ𝑟
𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ℎ𝑟
𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑅= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
12 𝑚𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑙𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑚2 ) 𝐴. 𝑆. 𝐸. =
𝑚𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑜𝑟
𝑙𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑅= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
0.91
𝐻. 𝑆 (𝑚2 ) 𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
𝑅= 𝐵ℎ𝑝 < 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 > 𝑒𝑏 = (100%)
1.1 𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉

𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 − 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑏 = (100%)
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉

8
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

The heating surface area of a fire tube boiler is 500 m 2 . What is the equivalent
rated Boiler Horsepower?

9
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

A steam boiler on a test generates 885,000 lb of steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam
pressure is 400 psia, the average steam temperature is 700F and the average temperature of the
feedwater supplied to the boiler is 280F. If the Boiler efficiency for the period is 82.5% and if
the coal has a heating value of 13,850 Btu/ lb as fired, find the average amount of coal bur ned in
shor t tons per hour.

10
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

A steam generating unit produces steam at the rate of 10 kg/s at 5MPa, 450C whic h is
continuously blown down at 0.25 kg/s. Feedwater enters the economizer at 100C. Coal with a
heating value of 42,000 kJ/kg as fired bur ned at the rate of 1kg/s. What is the overall
efficiency of the steam boiler?

11
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4

A steam generating unit receives feedwater at 5MPa, 200C and delivers steam at 4.5 Mpa, 320C
at rate of 30,000 kg/hr. The main steam turbine has a steam rate of 6.5 kg/kWh of generator
output. Auxiliaries used steam as follows: Forced -draft Fan – 25kW; Induced -draft – 40kW; Soot
Blower – 3,300 kg/day. If the fuel with a higher heating value of 40,000 kJ/kg as fired is
consumed at the rate of 1,890 kg/ hr, account for the steam generator efficiency.

12
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5

A straight -tube boiler with an effective heating surface of 1,496 m 2 produces steam at the rate of
3.9 Mton/hr. Feedwater enters at 95C and steam leaves at 4.5MPa, 320C. If the bunker fuel with
heating value of 42,500 kJ/kg is consumed at the rate of 1,700 kg/ hr, deter mine the equivalent
specific evaporation.

13
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 6

A horizontal retur n tabular boiler with a heating surface of 2,000m 2 generates a steam at 4.5
kg/s. Feedwater enters at 5MPa, 120C and leaves at 350C. Calculate for the percent rating
developed if the coal with a heating value of 20,000 kJ/kg is bur ned at the rate of 9Mton/hr.

14
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 7

What is the developed boiler horsepower if the steam rate is 0.85 kg/s and the factor of
evaporation is 1.25?

15
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 8

Two boilers has capacities of 200 kg/ hr and 250 kg/hr. If 150,000 kg of coal are supplied to
two boilers, how many days to consume the available fuel?

16
HEAT BAL ANCE
FORMUL AS
1. Heat absorbed by steam generating unit (economizer, superheater, reheater)
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝐻1 =
Where:
𝑚𝑓
H1 = Heat absorbed by water and steam per unit weight of fuels as fired

2. Heat Loss due to moisture in fuel

𝐻2 = 𝑚𝑚 (ℎ" − ℎ𝑓 ′)
Where:
H2= Heat loss per pound of fuel, as fired
h"= enthalpy of superheated steam at flue gas temperature and I psia (partial pressure of superheated steam in flue gases)
ℎ𝑓 ′=enthalpy of liquid at fuel temperature entering the furnace
𝑚𝑚 =weight of free moisture per unit weight of fuel as fired.

3. Heat Loss due to water from combustion of hydrogen

H3 = 9𝐻𝑔 (ℎ" − ℎ𝑓 ′)
Where:
𝐻𝑔 = Weight of Hydrogen per unit weight of fuel as fired
H3= heat loss per unit weight of fuel as fired

18
FORMUL AS
4. Heat loss due to moisture in air supplied
𝐻4 = 𝑚𝑣(0.46) (𝑡𝑔 − 𝑡𝑎 )
Where:
𝑡𝑔 = flue-gas temperature at boiler outlet
𝑡𝑎 = temperature of air entering the furnace
mv = air saturation, % x weight of water vapor required to saturate 1lb of dry air at air temperature x weight of dry air used per unit weight of
fuel as fired
0. 46 Btu/lb-R = mean specific heat of steam from 𝑡𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑎
H4= Heat loss per pound of fuel as fired

5. Heat loss due to dry chimney gases (usually the largest loss)
𝐻5 = 𝑚𝑑𝑔 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑔 − 𝑡𝑎 )
Where:
𝐶𝑝 =mean specific heat of dry gas, about 0.24 Btu/lb-R
H5 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑑𝑔 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠

6. Heat loss due to unburned gaseous combustible

𝐶𝑂
𝐻6 = (10160)(𝐶1 )
𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂
Where:
𝐶𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑂2 = percentage by volume, determined by flue gas analysis
H6 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
19
FORMUL AS
7. Heat loss due to unconsumed combustible in refuse.
𝐶𝑟
𝐻7 = 14540(𝑚𝑟 )( )
𝑚𝑓
Where:
𝑚𝑟 = weight of the refuse
𝐶𝑟 = weight of carbon in the refuse
mf= fuel weight
H7= Heat loss per unit weight of fuel, as fired

8. Heat loss due to unconsumed hydrogen, hydrocarbons, radiation, unaccounted-for losses.

𝐻8 = 𝐻𝐻𝑉 − (𝐻1 + 𝐻2 + 𝐻3 + 𝐻4 + 𝐻5 + 𝐻6 + 𝐻7)
9. Weight of carbon appearing in the flue gas, C1
𝑚𝑓 𝐶𝑓 − 𝑚𝑟 𝐶𝑟
𝐶1 = [ ]
Where: 𝑚𝑓 100%
𝐶1 = actual carbon burned/consumed per pound of coal
𝐶𝑓 = weight of carbon in fuel, as fired

20
FORMUL AS
10. Weight of dry chimney gases, 𝑚𝑑𝑔
4𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑂2 + 700
𝑚𝑑𝑔 = 𝐶1 = 𝑚𝑔 (𝐶1)
3 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂
Where:
4𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑂2 + 700
𝑚𝑔 =
3 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂
700 = 𝑂𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

11. Weight of dry air supplied, 𝑚𝑎𝑎

𝑂
𝑚𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑑𝑔 − 𝐶1 + 8(𝐻 − )
8
Where:
𝐻 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠

21
SUMMARY OF FORMUL AS
𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 ) 𝐶𝑟
𝐻7 = 14540(𝑚𝑟 )( )
𝐻1 = 𝑚𝑓
𝑚𝑓
𝐻8 = 𝐻𝐻𝑉 − (𝐻1 + 𝐻2 + 𝐻3 + 𝐻4 + 𝐻5 + 𝐻6 + 𝐻7)
𝐻2 = 𝑚𝑚 (ℎ" − ℎ𝑓 ′)
𝑚𝑓 𝐶𝑓 − 𝑚𝑟 𝐶𝑟
𝐶1 = [ ]
H3 = 9𝐻𝑔 (ℎ" − ℎ𝑓 ′) 𝑚𝑓 100%
𝑂
𝐻4 = 𝑚𝑣(0.46) (𝑡𝑔 − 𝑡𝑎 ) 𝑚𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑑𝑔 − 𝐶1 + 8(𝐻 − )
8
𝐻5 = 𝑚𝑑𝑔 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑔 − 𝑡𝑎 ) 4𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑂2 + 700
𝑚𝑑𝑔 = 𝐶1 = 𝑚𝑔 (𝐶1)
𝐶𝑂 3 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂
𝐻6 = (10160)(𝐶1 )
𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂

22
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
T h e f f. d a t a w e r e o b t a i n e d f ro m a b o i l e r t e s t . H e a t a b s o r b e d by t h e b o i l e r, 7 4 . 8 % o f t h e H i g h e r H e a t i n g
Va l u e, H H V, o f t h e f u e l , a s f i r e d .

A n a l y s i s o f c o a l a s f i r e d , p e r c e n t a ge by w e i g h t : F l u e ga s a n a l y s i s :
C-62% C O 2- 1 3 %
H-4% CO-1%
N 2- 1 % O 2- 5 %
O 2- 8 % N 2- 8 1 %
S-2%
moisture-8%
ash-15%
HHV=11,800 Btu/lb

Te m p e r a t u r e o f a i r a n d f u e l e n t e r i n g t h e f u r n a c e, 7 4 F ; t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e f l u e ga s, 4 5 2 F ; t e m p e r a t u r e o f
s t e a m i n t h e b o i l e r, 3 6 0 F ; p e r c e n t a ge o f s a t u r a t i o n o f a i e n t e r i n g t h e f u r n a c e, 7 0 % ; c o a l f i r e d p e r h o u r,
2 0 0 0 l b ; r e f u s e p e r h o u r, 4 2 0 l b ; a n d u n b u r n e d c a r b o n i n t h e r e f u s e, 1 8 % . B a ro m e t e r, 2 9 . 9 2 i n . H g .
Calculate and tabulate complete heat balance per pound of coal, as fired.

23
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

24
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

25
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

26
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

27
T HANK YOU