Course Title: Wind Energy Technology

Course No: ESE 6109

Course teacher : Nibir Mondol
Assistant Professor
Department of ESE , KUET.
 Syllabus of This Course:

Introduction to wind energy;

Wind resource estimation: Methodologies for resource
assessment and sources of uncertainty;

Different types of wind turbine: Darrious, horizontal and vertical

axis wind turbine;

Effect of different angles on moments of wind turbine;

fundamental of wind turbine design and operation;

Generation of power: mechanism for integrating wind
energy developments for electricity generation and
distribution;

Efficiency and performance of wind turbine. Tower,

alignment of turbine shaft. Recent development of wind
turbine;

Hybrid systems: solar and wind turbine.

Bangladesh Power Development Board(BPDB)
Power generation Authority/ company (GOV.)
• Bangladesh Power Development Board(BPDB

• Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL),

• Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) Ltd.,

• North West Power Generation Company (NWPGC) Ltd.,

• Rural Power Company Ltd. (RPCL) etc.

• B-R Powergen Ltd.

• Bangladesh-India Friendship Power Company (Pvt.) Ltd.)

• Nuclear Power Plant Company Bangladesh Limited (NPCBL)

Power transmission Authority Bangladesh
Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd.(PGCB)
 Power Distribution Authority/ Company
• Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) Ltd.,
• Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) Ltd.,
• West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC) Ltd.,
• Northern Electricity Supply Company (NESCO) Ltd.,
• Rural Electrification Board (REB)
• Polli Biduit Samity (PBS)
 Some Important Authority in Energy sector
• Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL)
• Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA)
• Power Cell
• Bangladesh Energy and Power Research Council (BEPRC)
 Installed Capacity of BPDB Power Plants as in August 2023

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) high-speed diesel (HSD)

Renewable Energy Installed Capacity Bangladesh
https://ndre.sreda.gov.bd/index.php?id=1&i=11, date 24/0/2023
 Future plans and Target (Renewable Energy) in Bangladesh

The government had earlier prepared a Power System Master Plan-2010 (PSMP) to improve and
expand electricity supply to support GDP growth in the 7 to 8 percent range.
At present, power system master plan - 2015 is being prepared. To meet the demand with
reasonable reliability, installed power generation capacity need to be increased to 24,000 MW and
39,000 MW by 2021 and 2030 respectively.
The Renewable Energy Policy obligates the renewable energy share to be 10% by 2021 that means
it would be 2,000 MW. To meet this target, government has prepared a year-wise plan, which is a
bit upper range from the policy target. The year-wise plan is as follows
Renewable Energy in Bangladesh
https://ndre.sreda.gov.bd/index.php?id=8, 24/08/2023
 INTRODUCTION

Energy is the backbone and key instrument for development. The present world
increases the demand of power with the increase rate of population. Because extra
people need extra house, school, college, industry etc. At the present we produce the
power by using fossil fuel.

For example: natural gas, diesel, coal, nuclear reaction. By directly burning these fossil
fuels energy is produced, whose smoke pollute large scale of environment . Beside this
resources are slowly vanished. If we only depend on these resources then at near future
the darkness of barber time will come back, where was no power, no light, and no
technology.

According to current estimates, natural uranium for nuclear power will last only about
50 years; oil will last no more than 100 years; gas,150; and coal,200 years.

To overcome this vital problem we have to use the renewable energy.

 Renewable energy
Renewable energy comes from sources or processes that are
constantly replenished. Renewable energy effectively utilizes natural
resources such as sun light, wind, geothermal heat, biomass, tidal
energy and wave energy which are naturally replenished.
Reason of Renewable Energy Utilization is given below-
Unsustainable Fossil Fuel Supplies
Environmental Concerns– global warming
Increasing Cost of Fossil Fuels
Business Opportunities
With increasing energy demands, wind energy becomes a very popular
option due to the recent change in the public opinion towards protecting
the environment.
Wind power is a commercially proven, rapidly growing form of
electricity generation that provides clean, renewable, and cost-effective
electricity around the world.
Global energy demand is constantly rising; there is a great responsibility
for society to develop the green technologies for reducing its impact on
the environment. In the trend of diversifying the energy market, wind
power is the most rapidly growing sector. After the oil crisis from three
decades ago, wind power industry started to flourish. Since then wind
turbine technology improved rapidly and it soon took the title of
champion from all renewable sources of energy.
Wind energy is a form of solar energy. Wind energy (or wind power) describes the
process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the
kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert
mechanical power into electricity.

Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, variations in the
earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Mountains, bodies of water, and vegetation
all influence wind flow patterns,. Wind turbines convert the energy in wind to
electricity by rotating propeller-like blades around a rotor.
 Advantages of using wind to produce electricity
1. It’s clean.
Wind-generated electricity does not pollute the air, water or soil, does not create acid
rain, radioactive waste, or generate CO₂ emissions which contribute to global warming. Additionally,
wind power does not consume the large amounts of water needed by other energy sources.
2. It’s renewable.
Wind is the result of daily solar radiation. Unlike fossil fuels, the supply of wind power
is unlimited and cannot be depleted. Wind resources are widely distributed throughout the United
States.
3. It’s economical.
The price of electricity generated by well-suited wind power plants is competitive with
the price of electricity from new fossil fuel plants. The price of wind power is not subject to fuel price
increases, supply disruptions, or stricter limits on pollution. The price of fuel (wind) is free. In
addition, as governments fight the risks of global warming by imposing a price on carbon emissions,
wind power will not be subject to this added cost.
4. It’s good for rural communities. Wind power helps to diversify the
economies of rural communities, adds to the property tax base, and creates
highly skilled jobs in construction, operations and maintenance. Wind power
supports agriculture by providing supplemental income for farming and
ranching families while the land used for wind turbines can continue to be used
for farmland and grazing. Developing renewable sources of electricity means
importing less fossil fuel from foreign countries, and putting our energy dollars
back into the local economy.
5. It’s compatible with other land uses. Wind turbines and related facilities at a
utility-scale wind power plant typically occupy less than 3% of total project
land area. The vast majority of land remains free to use in other ways, including
ranching, farming, mineral development, hunting, recreation, and many other
activities.
6. It promotes national security and energy independence.
Wind energy is home grown. It cannot be embargoed, and because
the wind is free, it is not subject to the dramatic price volatility of fossil fuels.
Wind-generated electricity diversifies our energy supply, reduces our dependence
on foreign fuels, and reduces the flow of our energy dollars to potentially hostile
governments, which increases our national security.

7. It’s fast to install.

Large utility-scale wind power plants are routinely built in less than
one year. By contrast, most other large power plants take years to construct.
 Various Disadvantages of Wind Energy

1. The wind is inconsistent

Wind energy has a lot in common with solar energy in terms of consistency.
Although wind energy qualifies as a renewable resource, wind speeds fluctuate each
day. This can be a big disappointment to wind turbine developers who will commit
every penny and every ounce of energy in the project only to end up with fluctuating
wind patterns.
2. Wind turbines involve high upfront capital investment
A lot has been done to bring down the cost of installing turbines; the overall
costs, however, remain on the higher side. The first step to installing a turbine is
usually to do a rigorous survey to determine the wind speed of the location. This
involves erecting a sample turbine to gauge the wind speeds over a stipulated period.
3. Wind turbines have a visual impact
Although wind turbines come with eye-catching designs, they impact the
natural beauty of the landscape. When a lot more wind turbines are set up, the
area becomes unsightly. The local community starts to sound alarm bells, and
this can escalate to conflict.
4. May reduce the local bird population
Wind turbines are particularly disadvantageous to the local bird species. A
lot of bird death as a result of a collision with turbine blades has been reported in
these areas. This can wipe out the population of certain bird species.
5. Wind turbines are prone to noise disturbances
The most hated disadvantage of wind turbines is the noise they produce.
The sound produced by one turbine can be perceived from far distances.
Combine many turbines, and the noise becomes unbearable. Many homeowners’
lives have been turned upside down due to the noise pollution from turbines.
6. Installation can take up a significant portion of land
The best location of wind turbines can be the most fertile land where farming is
practiced. The installation of wind turbines would take away land that has been the
bedrock of agricultural activities for many years.
7. Wind turbines can be a safety hazard
In the last couple of decades, the frequency of tornadoes, hurricanes, and
cyclones has increased considerably. Now, these severe storms can cause extensive
damage to the wind turbines and can be a safety hazard to the people working in these
wind farms. The damage may cause huge damage to wind turbines.
8. Wind turbines are suited to a particular region
Wind turbines are suited to the coastal regions which receive wind throughout the year
to generate power. Therefore, countries that do not have any coastal or hilly areas may
not be able to take any advantage of wind power.
 Uses of Wind Energy

The wind is a unique resource because we interact with it every minute. It has been harnessed since
ancient times, and it is the most eco-friendly source of energy around. It has a wide range of uses.
You may be familiar with a few, but others may totally catch you by surprise. Enough said, let’s drive
through the most innovative uses of wind energy:
1. Wind energy can be used to power vehicles
In the course of your research, you must have run across wind-powered vehicles. If you
haven’t, then know that there are vehicles powered chiefly by the wind. A typical example is the
widely documented wind-powered car that completed a 3100-mile journey through Australia.
Although it wasn’t totally powered by wind, it’s a perfect example of how vehicles can be moved by
alternative sources of energy. Precisely, the car used a combination of batteries, wind, and kite. For
the entire journey, the car used an estimated $10 to $15 of energy, which underlines the cost-effective
nature of wind energy.
2. Excellent source of power
Electricity is the main source of energy worldwide. Due to the abundance of electricity, almost every
device produced is powered by electricity. The traditional way of electricity generation is the use of fossil
fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. These fossil fuels emit greenhouse gasses and other harmful
substances that pollute the environment.
3. Sailing Cargo ships
A typical example of the use of wind energy is the cargo ships developed by Cargill, Inc., an
American corporation that is committed to making the world grow by innovating cutting-edge
technologies. Cargill has scaled up and fully embraced the idea of installing a huge kite on one of its cargo
ships to harness wind power.
4. Wind energy can be used in sports
For countless years, wind power has been utilized to power some breath-taking sports such as
windsurfing, sailing, kite flying, hang-gliding, kitesurfing, wind skiing, Para-sailing, and much more.
5. Wind power can be used to pump water
Utilizing wind power to pump water from underground is not a new technology. It has been used
since ancient times. It’s a cheap alternative for some countries and communities. Essentially, there are no
extraordinary costs involved compared to using huge pumping tracks powered by fossil fuel sources of
energy.
 Cumulative installed wind power capacity worldwide from 2001 to 2022

https://www.statista.com/statistics/268363/installed-wind-power-capacity-worldwide/ date ; 24/08/2023

Fig: % World wind power installation Top ten countries
 Wind Energy in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is situated between 20.34'-26.38’ North Latitude and 88.01'-92.41' East
Longitude. The country has a 724 km long coast line and many small islands in the
Bay of Bengal, where strong south-westerly trade wind and sea-breeze blow in the
summer months and there is gentle north-easterly trade wind and land breeze in
winter months.
Implemented Projects of Wind power

The potential of wind energy is limited to coastal areas, off-shore islands, rivers sides and other
island open areas with strong wind regime.
In order to generate electricity from Wind Energy, BPDB installed 4x225 KW = 900 KW capacity
grid connected Wind Plant at Muhuri Dam area of Sonagazi in Feni.
Figure1.4. shows the 900KW Grid Connected Wind Power Plant at Muhuri, Feni and 1.5.
shows the 100 KW Wind Battery Hybrid Power Plant at Kutubdia.
Ongoing Projects [5]

 Repairing work of the existing 900 kW grid connected Wind Power Project at Muhuri
Dam of Sonagazi in Feni is going on.
 Repair and operation & maintenance of the existing Kutubdia 1000 kW Wind Battery
Hybrid Power Project is underway
 Steps have been taken to install 15 MW Wind Power Plant across the coastal regions
of Bangladesh after 1 year Wind Resources Assessment in Muhuri Dam Area of Feni,
Mognamaghat of Cox’sbazar, Parky Beach of Anwara in Chittagong, Kepupara of
Borguna and Kuakata of Patuakhali. Wind Mapping is going on at Muhuri Dam area
of Feni and at Mognamaghat of Cox’sbazar by Regen Powertech Ltd. of India.
 Installation of Wind Monitoring Stations at Inani Beach of Cox'sbazar, Parky Beach
of Anwara, Sitakundu of Chittagong and at Chandpur under USAID TA project is
underway
 Projects under Planning
 BPDB has planned to implement 50-200 MW Wind Power Project at Parky Beach area,
Anawara in Chittagong on IPP basis.

 Power Division and BPDB have primarily identified 22 potential sites for Wind
Resource Mapping in Bangladesh. Wind monitoring stations will be installed at these
sites for comprehensive Wind Resource Assessment (WRA).

 BPDB has also plan to expand On-shore Wind Power Plants along the coastline of
coastal regions of Bangladesh.
 Hybrid Power System
Hybrid power systems (HPS) are any autonomous electricity generating systems
combining renewable energy sources and conventional generators .

Hybrid systems, as the name implies, combine two or more modes of electricity
generation together, usually using renewable technologies such as solar photovoltaic
(PV) and wind turbines. Hybrid systems provide a high level of energy security
through the mix of generation methods, and often will incorporate a storage system
(battery, fuel cell) or small fossil fueled generator to ensure maximum supply
reliability and security.
The synchronous generator (SG) is used for power generation from diesel and
the induction generator (IG) is used for electric power generation from wind
turbine.

Wind-diesel systems, which combine wind turbines and diesel generators, are
a subclass of HPS. The purpose of these systems is to produce as much energy
as possible from the renewable sources while maintaining an acceptable
power quality and reliable supply.

Furthermore, the fuel savings and lower generation costs obtained with the
HPS should at least balance the high investment costs for renewable energy
generators, controllers, dump loads, storage units, converters, etc.
The main parts of the system are the: (a) Wind Energy Conversion system (WEC); (b) Diesel Generator (DG); (c)
Reverse Osmosis plant (RO); and (d) other power loads (LOAD)[1], if the system is designed to supply energy to
additional units at the installation area Figure 1.6 shows the Schematic diagram of hybrid power system.

Schematic diagram of hybrid power system