MODULE 5 WRITING SKILLS

PART - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

1. Mention the significance of writing?

Significance:
Writing is the framework of our communication. Good writing skills allow us to
communicate our message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than
through face -to-face or telephone conversations.
● Writing plays an important role in our day to day life. We write in order to
prepare notes, note down important points of heard and watched content,
or even writing answers in the examination is considered as a skill of
writing.
● We write letters to convey official information or sending emails includes
framing the content in understandable written content.
● Writing skills can be a major criteria towards better academic position and
greater educational Success. Students should believe the importance of
writing skills in helping them achieve academic mastery.
● Every career path requires its workers to write notes, memos, emails, and
reports, all of which require good writing skills to effectively communicate a
certain set of ideas.

2. Outline the factors that stand in support of writing

skills.
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow
you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience
than through face to-face or telephone conversations. It also plays an important
role in our day to day life, by helping us prepare notes, noting down important
points or even writing answers during examinations.
Writing skills can be a major criteria towards better academic position and
greater educational success. Almost every career path requires its workers to
write notes, memos, emails, and reports, all of which require good writing skills to
effectively communicate a certain set of ideas.

3. State any five keys for effective written

communication.
Five Keys to Effective Written Communication:
“Get your general ideas on paper or the computer screen—this is your first draft”,
says Vogel. “Now go back and edit.”

Key 1: Use a Professional Tone.

Your readers will form an opinion of you from the content. Create a professional,
positive tone by using simple, direct language. Adopt a “you-attitude” versus an
“I-attitude,” to show that you‘re sincere in your focus on the reader rather than on
yourself as the writer.

Key 2: Know Your Audience.

The intended readers of your correspondence can vary. You must consider their
backgrounds, technical expertise, and educational levels as well as their mindsets
and possible reactions to your writing.

Key 3: Organize Your Information Clearly.

Arrange your thoughts so that your correspondence can be read quickly and
comprehend easily. Organize the information based on your purpose.
For example,
when writing instructions, organize your information in sequential, or
step-by-step, order.
For incident reports, write in chronological order, explaining how the events
unfolded.
When sharing news and information, use the “6Ws”,”who, what, when, where, why
and how” to guide you.
Key 4: Use the Right Format.
Format refers to how your correspondence is laid out on paper or online.
Usually writers choose their formats based on the method of delivery— letter,
memo, or e-mail.
Each type has distinct format conventions (guidelines) for including and placing
elements such as the date, addressee, subject line, salutation, message body,
closing line, signature block and company letterhead or logo.

Key 5: Use Visual Elements Carefully.

Visual elements—such as font size and type; underlined, italicized or bold text;
and bulleted or numbered lists—help emphasize key points and make your
correspondence more effective.

4. How to avoid common mistakes in writing?

Techniques for writing precisely
1. Use Active Voice When a sentence includes be or any other copulative verb,
such as is or are, recast the sentence to omit the verb.
2. Avoid Vague Nouns Phrases formed around general nouns such as aspect,
degree, and situation clutter sentences.
3. Use Words, Not Their Definitions Replace explanatory phrases with a single
word that encapsulates that explanation.
4. Avoid Noun Strings Reorganize sentences to eliminate a series of nouns
used as adjectives.
5. Convert Nouns to Verbs When a sentence includes a noun ending in -tion,
change the noun to a verb to simplify the sentence.
6. Reduce Verb Phrases to Simple Verbs Identify the verb buried in a verb
phrase and omit the rest of the phrase.
7. Replace Complex Words with Simple Ones Choose simpler synonyms for
multisyllabic words.
5. List any four main characteristics of effective
language?
Characteristics of Effective Language:
1. concrete and specific, not vague, and abstract;
2. concise, not verbose;
3. familiar, not obscure;
4. precise and clear, not inaccurate, or ambiguous;
5. constructive, not destructive;
6. Appropriately formal.

6. Define paragraph.
A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic.
The basic rule of thumb with paragraphing is to keep one idea to one paragraph.
If you begin to transition into a new idea, it belongs in a new paragraph.

7. How can anyone benefit by learning to write a good

paragraph?
Learning to write good paragraphs will help you as a writer stay on track during
your drafting and revision stages.

8. Which things make sure that your paragraph is

well-developed?
Some methods to make sure your paragraph is well-developed:
● Use examples and illustrations;
● Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details, and others);
● Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and 101
paraphrases)
 ● Use an anecdote or story;
● Define terms in the paragraph;
● Compare and contrast;
● Evaluate causes and reasons;
● Examine effects and consequences;
● Analyze the topic;
● Describe the topic;
● Offer a chronology of an event (time segments).

9. When should we start a new paragraph?

You should start a new paragraph when:
● When you begin a new idea or point. New ideas should always start in new
paragraphs.
● To contrast information or ideas. Separate paragraphs can serve to
contrast sides in a debate, different points in an argument, or any other
difference.
● When your readers need a pause. Breaks between paragraphs function as
a short "break" for your readers—adding these in will help your writing be
more readable.
● When you are ending your introduction or starting your conclusion. Your
introductory and concluding material should always be in a new
paragraph. Many introductions and conclusions have multiple paragraphs
depending on their content, length, and the writer's purpose.

10. List the conditions to keep it in mind while writing an

introduction.
Conditions to keep it in mind while writing an introduction:
● The introduction of an essay or paper must be substantial.
● Having finished it, the reader ought to have a noticeably clear idea of the
author's purpose in writing.
 ● After reading the introduction, you need to stop and ask yourself where the
rest of the paper is headed, what the individual paragraphs in its body will
address and what the general nature of the conclusion will be.
The introduction has to be laid out in a clear and detailed fashion, the theme and
the general facts which the author will use to support it.

11. Define “coherence” in paragraph writing.

Coherence:
Coherence is the trait that makes the paragraph easily understandable to a
reader. You can help create coherence in your paragraphs by creating logical
bridges and verbal bridges.

12. State what is sensible writing according to the

Oxford Dictionary?
According to the Oxford Dictionary:
Sensible means “able to make good judgements based on reason and experience
rather than emotion; practical”, and
Writing means “ the activity of writing, in contrast to reading, speaking, etc.”

13. List all four types of writing.

● Paragraph Writing
● Letter Writing
● Email Writing
● Report Writing

14. State when we can use expository writing.

Expository writing is writing that seeks to explain, illuminate or 'expose' (which is
where the word 'expository' comes from). This type of writing can include essays,
newspaper and magazine articles, instruction manuals, textbooks, encyclopedia
articles and other forms of writing, so long as they seek to explain. Expository
writing differs from other forms of writing, such as fiction and poetry.
The expository essay is a tool that is often used in the academic world. If you've
attended school.

15. Discuss any three main points regarding descriptive

writing.
● Choosing your focus:
Choosing a topic will prevent you from losing focus on the theme or main
idea of your writing.
● Use of words:
use adjectives to make your writing more detailed for the reader.This
process will allow the reader to create a mental image through the use of
your word choice.
● Reader interest:
It's important to paint a picture with your words. One of the best ways to do
this is through the use of the five senses.By using taste, smell, hearing,
sight, and touch, you are creating an opportunity for the reader to develop
an emotional connection to your writing.
● Re-reading and redo:
Putting yourself in the readers' position is important.

16. Mention the elements that we should avoid while

writing a letter.
● Do not be wordy and irrelevant,
● Avoid grammar and spelling mistakes,
● avoid everyday, colloquial language; slang or jargon
● avoid contractions (I‘m; it‘// etc)
● avoid emotive, subjective language (terrible, rubbish etc)
 ● avoid vague words such as nice, good, get etc

17. Differentiate what is formal letter writing and informal

letter writing.
An informal letter is a letter that is written in a personal fashion. You can write
them to relatives or friends, but also to anyone with whom you have a
non-professional relationship, although this does not exclude business partners
or workers with whom you're friendly. Whereas, The formal letter is written in a
professional tone using carefully chosen and polite language for an official
purpose. Unlike the informal letter, there is nothing friendly or quirky about this
type of letter, which must adhere to a strict format.

18. List all the components that a formal letter should

have.
Elements of a formal letter.
1. Heading and Addresses,
2. Date,
3. Salutation,
4. Body,
5. Closing.

19. Define email writing?

Email means messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user
to one or more recipients via a network.
20. Write a few examples for closing sentences used in
formal letters.
Few examples for closing sentences used in formal letters:
Regards,
Respectfully,
Respectfully yours,
Sincerely,
Sincerely yours,
Thank you.
 PART-B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)

1. Write briefly about five Keys to Effective Written

Communication in your own words.
Five Keys to Effective Written Communication:
“Get your general ideas on paper or the computer screen—this is your first draft”,
says Vogel. “Now go back and edit.”

Key 1: Use a Professional Tone.

Your readers will form an opinion of you from the content. Create a professional,
positive tone by using simple, direct language. Adopt a “you-attitude” versus an
“I-attitude,” to show that you‘re sincere in your focus on the reader rather than on
yourself as the writer.

Key 2: Know Your Audience.

The intended readers of your correspondence can vary. You must consider their
backgrounds, technical expertise, and educational levels as well as their mindsets
and possible reactions to your writing.

Key 3: Organize Your Information Clearly.

Arrange your thoughts so that your correspondence can be read quickly and
comprehend easily. Organize the information based on your purpose.
For example,
when writing instructions, organize your information in sequential, or
step-by-step, order.
For incident reports, write in chronological order, explaining how the events
unfolded.
When sharing news and information, use the “6Ws”,”who, what, when, where, why
and how” to guide you.

Key 4: Use the Right Format.

Format refers to how your correspondence is laid out on paper or online.
Usually writers choose their formats based on the method of delivery— letter,
memo, or e-mail.
Each type has distinct format conventions (guidelines) for including and placing
elements such as the date, addressee, subject line, salutation, message body,
closing line, signature block and company letterhead or logo.

Key 5: Use Visual Elements Carefully.

Visual elements—such as font size and type; underlined, italicized or bold text;
and bulleted or numbered lists—help emphasize key points and make your
correspondence more effective.

2. Illustrate briefly about the techniques for paragraph

development.
Some techniques to make sure your paragraph is
well-developed:
● Use examples and illustrations;
● Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details, and others);
● Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and 101
paraphrases)
● Use an anecdote or story;
● Define terms in the paragraph;
● Compare and contrast;
● Evaluate causes and reasons;
● Examine effects and consequences;
● Analyze the topic;
● Describe the topic;
● Offer a chronology of an event (time segments).
When you begin a new idea or point. New ideas should always start in new
paragraphs.

3. Discuss about the format of a formal letter.

Format of a formal letter.
 1. Heading and Addresses:
The heading of a business letter includes the address to which the
recipient should reply.
2. Date:
This includes the date of the month, name of the month and the numeral of
the year.
3. Salutation:
Introduce the body of your business letter with a greeting. Begin a
salutation with “Dear” followed by the recipient‘s title and last name, in most
cases.
4. Body:
The text in the body of a business letter is single-spaced; if the letter is
short, the text may be double-spaced. Separate paragraphs and the first
line after the salutation with a blank line.
5. Closing:
The closing occurs two lines beneath the last line of the body of the letter.
Close with “Sincerely” or “Regards” to match the formal tone of the letter.
Print your full name far enough down the page to allow space for your
signature.

4. What do you mean by the effectiveness of writing?

Explain.
Effectiveness of writing is to be able to make sure you clearly communicate your
purpose regardless of the document. An effective writing consists of the following
characteristics.
1. concrete and specific, not vague, and abstract;
2. concise, not verbose;
3. familiar, not obscure;
4. precise and clear, not inaccurate, or ambiguous;
5. constructive, not destructive;
6. Appropriately formal.
To write effectively one should follow the following steps.
1. Use a Professional Tone.
 2. Know Your Audience.
3. Organize Your Information Clearly.
4. Use the Right Format.
5. Use Visual Elements Carefully.

5. Explain the elements of paragraph writing in detail.

Using and adapting the following elements to your individual purposes will help
you construct effective paragraphs.
● Unity:
The entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus. If it begins
with one focus or major point of discussion, it should not end with another
or wander within different ideas.
● Coherence:
Coherence is the trait that makes the paragraph easily understandable to
a reader. You can help create coherence in your paragraphs by creating
logical bridges and verbal bridges.
Logical bridges:
• The same idea of a topic is carried over from sentence to sentence
• Successive sentences can be constructed in parallel form Verbal bridges
• Key words can be repeated in several sentences
• Synonymous words can be repeated in several sentences
• Pronouns can refer to nouns in previous sentences
• Transition words can be used to link ideas from different sentences
● A topic sentence:
A topic sentence is a sentence that indicates in a general way what idea or
thesis the paragraph is going to deal with. Although not all paragraphs
have clear-cut topic sentences, and despite the fact that topic sentences
can occur anywhere in the paragraph (as the first sentence, the last
sentence, or somewhere in the middle), an easy way to make sure your
reader understands the topic of the paragraph is to put your topic
sentence near the beginning of the paragraph. . Regardless of whether you
include an explicit topic sentence or not, you should be able to easily
summarize what the paragraph is about.
● Adequate development:
 Some techniques to make sure your paragraph is well-developed:
• Use examples and illustrations;
• Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details, and others);
• Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and 101
paraphrases)
• Use an anecdote or story;
• Define terms in the paragraph;
• Compare and contrast;
• Evaluate causes and reasons;
• Examine effects and consequences;
• Analyze the topic;
• Describe the topic;
• Offer a chronology of an event (time segments).
When you begin a new idea or point. New ideas should always start in new
paragraphs.

6. Explain in detail about the significance and essentials

of writing skills.
Significance:
Writing is the framework of our communication. Good writing skills allow us to
communicate our message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than
through face -to-face or telephone conversations.
● Writing plays an important role in our day to day life. We write in order to
prepare notes, note down important points of heard and watched content,
or even writing answers in the examination is considered as a skill of
writing.
● We write letters to convey official information or sending emails includes
framing the content in understandable written content.
● Writing skills can be a major criteria towards better academic position and
greater educational Success. Students should believe the importance of
writing skills in helping them achieve academic mastery.
 ● Every career path requires its workers to write notes, memos, emails, and
reports, all of which require good writing skills to effectively communicate a
certain set of ideas.
Essentials for writing skills.
● Use examples and illustrations;
● Cite data (facts, statistics, evidence, details, and others);
● Examine testimony (what other people say such as quotes and 101
paraphrases)
● Use an anecdote or story;
● Define terms in the paragraph;
● Compare and contrast;
● Evaluate causes and reasons;
● Examine effects and consequences;
● Analyze the topic;
● Describe the topic;
● Offer a chronology of an event (time segments).

7. Explain in detail about the types of writing with

examples.
Paragraph Writing.
Document means a piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides
information or evidence or that serves as an official record. A document consists
of several paragraphs to present the various aspects of intended information.
A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic.
Learning to write good paragraphs will help you as a writer stay on track during
your drafting and revision stages.
The Basic Rule: Keep one idea to one paragraph.

Elements of a paragraph:
Unity, Coherence, A Topic Sentence, and Adequate Development.
Example: (give your own example)
Alexander the Great was a successful ruler because his actions created long
lasting effects on cultures that continue to the present day. One example of his
legacy was the creation of a Hellenistic society. Hellenism was the combination of
Greek, Persian, and Egyptian cultures. During this remarkable time period, people
were encouraged to pursue a formal education and produce many different kinds
of art. New forms of math, science, and design made a great impact on society. If
this new way of life had not been as successful as it was, Alexander’s legacy would
not be as memorable and groundbreaking. Because he conquered many
countries and blended together many different cultures, Alexander the Great is
widely recognized for his achievements and credited with being one of the
greatest rulers in history.

Letter Writing
Informal letter
Letter consists of three sections:
1. Opening
2. Body text
3. Closing
Formal Letter
The formal letter is written in a professional tone using carefully chosen and
polite language for an official purpose. Unlike the informal letter, there is nothing
friendly or quirky about this type of letter, which must adhere to a strict format.
Elements of a formal letter
1. Heading and Addresses
2. Date
3. Salutation
4. Body
5. Closing
Email Writing
Email means messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user
to one or more recipients via a network.

An Informal email:
Introducing yourself for the first time Many people still write formal business
emails, but these days there aren‘t as many reasons to write personal emails. A lot
of our communication is through online chatting, apps, texts, or other methods.
But there are still some situations when an English student might need to write a
personal /informal email in English.
General rules for personal emails:
1. Politeness:
2. Greetings:
3. Closings:
4. Casualness:

Example:
Dear Smith Family, Hello, my name is John. I received a confirmation letter from
the exchange organization today. It said I will be staying with you for two months
later this year. I wanted to introduce myself so you can know a bit more about me.
I am 18 years old. I like listening to rock music, playing basketball, and reading
comic books. I will graduate from high school later this year, and I hope to go to
college next 111 year. I have never traveled outside of my country, so meeting you
and visiting your country will be an exciting, new experience for me! I would also
like to know more about you, so if you have a chance, please write back at this
email address. If you have any questions for me, I would be happy to answer them.
Thanks again for agreeing to host me—I am very excited to meet you in person!
John

General rules for formal emails:

1. Politeness:
2. Formality:
3. Clarity:
4. Greetings: “To Whom It May Concern”, “Dear [Title] [Last Name]”, “Good
Morning/Afternoon/Evening”
5. Closings:”Sincerely”

Example:
To Whom It May Concern, I recently bought a toaster from your company, but
unfortunately it appears that the heating element is not working correctly. For
reference, the model number is TOS-577, and I bought it on May 1, 2019 at the
Toaster Emporium in New Hyderabad. I returned the toaster to the store, but they
said I should contact you because the model had been an ―open-box‖
discontinued model. Because of that, they could not offer a refund or exchange. I
can understand the Toaster Emporium‘s position, but the toaster should not have
broken so soon. It is still covered under your company‘s one-year warranty, so I
would like to exchange the toaster for a working model. If that isn‘t possible, I
would like to receive a refund. Please let me know what steps I need to take for this
to happen. Thanks very much for your help with this situation. Sincerely, John
Johnson

Report Writing
A report is a methodical, well planned document which outlines and evaluates a
subject or problem, and which may include:
• The record of an order of events • Explanation of the implication of these events
or facts
• Evaluation of the facts or results of research presented
• Discussion of the consequences of a conclusion or course of action
• Conclusions
• References

Reports must always be:

• Correct
• Crisp
• Clear
• Well-Structured

Formal Report Writing

Formal Report Writing is pretty complex and time-consuming. Usually, it demands
an immense research, explanation, references, links, lists and many other things
to make the primary point clear enough for the readers
1. Cover
2. Title of The Report
3. Table of Contents
4. Summary
5. Introduction
 6. Discussion
7. Conclusion/Recommendation
8. Appendix
9. Reference/Bibliography

Informal Report Writing

This type of report writing is comparatively easier and less time-consuming than
the formal report writing. Here, you need to perform lesser research and it also
includes lesser components

Best Process for Report Writing

1. Decide the Objective:
2. Understand Your Audience:
3. Report Format and Types
4. Collect the Facts and Data
5. Structure the Report:
6. Edit:

Example:
Event Report: Techfest and Spandana ’15 MARCH 29, 2015 The Institute of
Aeronautical Engineering is one of the most prestigious engineering institutes in
Hyderabad. Apart from its outstanding academic programme, IARE is also known
for the versatility and vibrancy of its extra-curricular scenario. All of these
activities are organized by the students. Tech Fest & Annual Day Celebrations are
the events organized each year by IARE. Tech Fest Spandana Day 1:- On Friday
March 20, 2015, participants entered IARE fully equipped with the necessities of
the event along with the great ambition in order to prove themselves in the
competition. The host team welcomed participants whole-heartedly and
facilitated the participants starting from their arrival at the front desk to
checking in at their respective stalls. They gave general instructions to the
participants which they had to follow during their three days stay at IARE. After
the opening ceremony, the participants were asked to prepare themselves for the
treasure hunt. So, this was where the real fun began. In scavenger hunt the
participants were given the list of items which they had to find and some of the
list of tasks which they had to perform, and they were given specific time to
complete their tasks. The first amazing day of the Tech fest Spandana 15 ended.

8. Write a short note on: a) Logical bridges b) Verbal

bridges.
Logical bridges
• The same idea of a topic is carried over from sentence to sentence
• Successive sentences can be constructed in parallel form
Verbal bridges
• Key words can be repeated in several sentences
• Synonymous words can be repeated in several sentences
• Pronouns can refer to nouns in previous sentences
• Transition words can be used to link ideas from different sentences

9. How to write “introduction” and “conclusion” for any

piece of good writing? Explain
How to Write an Introduction.
The introduction of an essay or paper must be substantial. Having finished it, the
reader ought to have a noticeably clear idea of the author's purpose in writing.
After reading the introduction, you need to stop and ask yourself where the rest
of the paper is headed, what the individual paragraphs in its body will address
and what the general nature of the conclusion will be. If I'm right, it's because the
introduction has laid out in clear and detailed fashion the theme and the general
facts which the author will use to support it.

How to Write a Conclusion.

In much the same way that the introduction lays out the thesis for the reader, the
conclusion of the paper should reiterate the main points—it should never
introduce new ideas or things not discussed in the body of the paper!—and bring
the argument home. The force with which you express the theme here is especially
important, because if you're ever going to convince the reader that your thesis
has merit, it will be in the conclusion. In other words, just as lawyers win their
cases in the closing argument; this is the point where you will persuade others to
adopt your writing/ point of view.

10. Write an inquiry letter to your college regarding

transport and hostel facilities.
Can be written in our own Words.

11. What are the general tips for writing emails in

English? Explain
Do‘s and Don‘ts about Email:

Do‘s
● Use informative subject line
● Write most important information first
● Use number and bullet marks to make the message clearer
● Use simple grammar and language
● Write short sentences
● Use separate paragraphs

Don‘ts
● Write about relevant issues
● Give personal information that you do not want someone else to know
● Write all the words in capital letters as it is considering shouting
● Use different fonts (the recipient‘s computer does not compatible)
● Use italics
● Use exclamation marks
● Use incomprehensible abbreviations, acronyms, and smileys
Formal complimentary close phrases
● With regards
● Yours truly
● Regards

12.Write briefly about three common types of Emails in

English.
Refer answer 7

13.Explain about the significance of letter writing.

Significance of Letter Writing:
For documentation: Letters are a good way to document and record important
events, and information. They may also act as proof, which can hold good in a
court of law.
For getting instant attention: A handwritten letter is guaranteed to get instant
attention rather than the numerous mails that keep popping in our inbox. A
handwritten letter says that you care and are willing to give personal attention to
the matter or the person addressed.
For official communication: Official letters of communication are still used in
many organizations. While a majority of them are printed, writing a letter detailing
an action plan or a procedure adds a certain authority to the communication.

14.What is the main purpose of persuasive writing?

Explain
The purpose of persuasion in writing is to convince, motivate, or move readers
toward a certain point of view, or opinion. The act of trying to persuade
automatically implies more than one opinion on the subject can be argued.
The idea of an argument often conjures up images of two people yelling and
screaming in anger. In writing, however, an argument is very different. An
argument is a reasoned opinion supported and explained by evidence. To argue
in writing is to advance knowledge and ideas in a positive way. Written arguments
often fail when they employ ranting rather than reasoning.

The following five features make up the structure of a persuasive writing:

1. Introduction and thesis

2. Opposing and qualifying ideas
3. Strong evidence in support of claim
4. Style and tone of language
5. A compelling conclusion

15. Explain why Descriptive writing is considered as the

earliest form of writing.
(Taken from the Internet but modified according to the question)

The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place or thing

in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader's mind. Capturing an event
through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by using
all of your five senses. Descriptive Writing may have been the earliest form of
writing, as it really helped in conveying detailed information about the place,
person or a thing with just the use of literal text. This also promotes the use of
precise language in writing skills as it enhances the vivid sensory details of the
reader while understanding the text.

16. Define and discuss the format of report writing

Formal Report Writing

Cover – The cover of a report is something that drives a reader‘s attention first
Title of The Report – This component includes the report‘s title and the name of
the writer. Apart from these things, the title can also have a date and the name of
the organization for which the report has been prepared.

Table of Contents – This section includes headings and subheadings of the

primary text written. This is an important portion of report writing. It helps your
readers to reach desired sections in your report in a hassle-free manner.

Summary – Here you basically provide the synopsis of the whole report‘s primary
text and you can also call it an informative summary. Many times, it is referred to
as an “executive summary‘.

Introduction – This is the most important section of the main text. The main text
always includes three components – introduction, discussion, and conclusion.
Here, you introduce the main text of your report in the most intriguing and
detailed manner so that all types of readers can get your point without much
effort.

Discussion – In the discussion section, a report writer discusses the main story
of the report. According to your reader‘s convenience, you decide the order of the
report‘s results. You can also do a result to theory comparison here along with
the analysis, evaluation and interpretation of the data included.

Conclusion/Recommendation – You can present the summary of the

discussion section here. Here, you mention your findings and recommend the
elements to your readers as per your overall evaluation. Appendix – In the
appendix portion, you can attach the graphs, lists, surveys and suchlike stuff that
are related to your report and help your readers to understand the report
comprehensively. Reference/Bibliography – You can cite your report‘s references
in this portion.

Informal report writing

The basic components of informal report writing include – Introduction,
Discussion & Reference/Recommendations. Different organizations include more
components to this type as per their requirements.

17. Explain in detail about the process of a report

writing.
Best Process for Report Writing.
To bring up an effective report, the right process must be followed. Here are seven
steps to undertake the best report writing process.
Decide the Objective:
Like any other process, report writing sets its base on the purpose, why a report is
being created. With a clear objective ahead, it helps report writers to stay focused
and produce quality reports that are easier to engage the reader.

Understand Your Audience:

Right understanding of the audience leads to a quality report.
For example, an annual financial report for stakeholders is completely different
from a financial review. Having a personal touch as per the audiences‘ preference
can help produce ideas based on their choice.
With an understanding writer can present the report that suits their preference.

Report Format and Types:

For a report to be an effective communication tool, it must follow a format or
type. Deciding on parameters like, written report or presentation; what type –
formal, informal, financial, annual, technical, fact-finding, or problem-solving
report; design templates if any available.

Collecting the Facts and Data:

Adding figures, facts and data adds credibility to the report and strengthens the
argument. Adding data or facts brings along a crucial responsibility to cite or
mention the sources, like interviews, articles, sayings, articles, etc.

Structure the Report:

A report typically has four elements, the executive summary (this is written after
the report is finished), introduction (this includes the structure of the report and
table of contents), body (main text and report is occupied in this portion),
conclusion (this is a binding portion that brings all the elements of the report into
a systematic end.

Readability:
The readability part is definitely a crucial aspect as it becomes a must to make
the report enjoyable and accessible to read. A great navigation is the best way to
make the reader take a uniformed path through the information flow.
Adding proper formatting (h1, h2, h3…), graphics/visuals, break up of long text into
shorter for better read and giving the text in report writing structure with bullet
points for better understanding.

Edit:
The initial draft of report writing is never perfect (at least 90% of times). This calls
for edition and revision of the content. Best practice can be keeping aside the
report document for a few days and then once more start working over it again or
ask a fellow member to review or proofread it for you.

18. Write a report on the technical fest in your college

that exhibits the technical talent of your institution.
Can be written by ourselves.

19. Mention the differences between formal and informal

report writing with examples.
Refer answer 7

20. Write a report on the book exhibition regularly

conducted in Hyderabad this year.
News Report on Hyderabad Book Fair

The 31st Hyderabad Book Fair begins

Jan19, 2018

Energy Minister G. Jagadish Reddy on Thursday inaugurated the 31st Hyderabad

Book Fair at the NTR Stadium. He said, "I was in class VIII when I read a book that
changed my life. It opened my eyes to the world and its wonders. Earlier, when I
was young, TV was considered a threat to learning, but now cellphones have
emerged a bigger threat."

"Knowledge is like a missile that travels far. We can go far in life only if we read
books." Mr. Reddy added, imploring the assembled children at the inaugural to
make a habit of reading books.

The much-awaited book fair is a 10-day affair that will end on January 28. The fair
will have an interesting line-up of events to attract more children and young
adults to the fair. On the final day, the fair would host Okka Nimisham (an
elocution competition) where the 118 contestants must speak for a minute in
Telugu without using a single word of English. 213 booksellers and publishers are
participating this year.

The Hyderabad Book Fair will also allow children free entry if they show their
school identity cards, informed K. Chandra Mohan, secretary of Hyderabad Book
Fair Society.
 PART-C (CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS)

1. Write about the classical piece of writing which serves as an example

of persuasive writing.
2. Write a report on a cultural event that included students‟
participation in your college
3. Mention the occasions of writing in real life and explain the
Characteristics of Effective Language in your own words
4. Write an essay on the success of Hima Das as the winner of gold
medal in 400m final race in the IAAF World Under-20Athletics
Championship with a good introduction and conclusion
5. Write a letter of complaint to the Municipal Commissioner about the
menace of stray dogs in your area.
6. Draft an email to the customer complaining about delay in delivering
the goods ordered.
7. Write an informal report of an exhibition of books that you visited
recently.
8. Write a letter to the principal asking him to grant permission to
attend a seminar.
9. Write a report giving the details of the Tech-fest conducted in your
college.
10. Write a short story that consists of your favorite character from the
stories that were read during childhood.

Similar to previous modules, Part C Solutions for Module 5 are not

included as they’re subjective and are very much similar to the Part
A and B questions. You can write them in your own words and
support them with the definitions provided in the above solutions...