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    Lec26

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    Umar Bazaf
    The document covers the Laplace Transform, including its definition, properties, and applications in analyzing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses the region of convergence, inverse Laplace Transform, and various properties such as linearity and shifting. Additionally, it highlights practical applications in fields like communication, process control, and mechanical system analysis.

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    Lec26

    Uploaded by

    Umar Bazaf
    2 views10 pages
    The document covers the Laplace Transform, including its definition, properties, and applications in analyzing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses the region of convergence, inverse Laplace Transform, and various properties such as linearity and shifting. Additionally, it highlights practical applications in fields like communication, process control, and mechanical system analysis.

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    The document covers the Laplace Transform, including its definition, properties, and applications in analyzing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses the region of convergence, inverse Laplace Transform, and various properties such as linearity and shifting. Additionally, it highlights practical applications in fields like communication, process control, and mechanical system analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views10 pages

    Lec26

    Uploaded by

    Umar Bazaf
    The document covers the Laplace Transform, including its definition, properties, and applications in analyzing linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses the region of convergence, inverse Laplace Transform, and various properties such as linearity and shifting. Additionally, it highlights practical applications in fields like communication, process control, and mechanical system analysis.

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    208503 Signals and Systems

    Lecture 26
    Laplace Transform
    Summary and Conclusion
    Definition
    • Bilateral Laplace Transform
    ∞

    𝐿𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑠 = න 𝑓 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡
    −∞
    f (t ) 
    L
     F (s)

    • s is complex : 𝑠 = 𝜎 + 𝑗𝜔

    • Poles and zeros of 𝐹 𝑠

    2
    Region of Convergence (ROC) and its Properties
    • All complex values of s for which the integral in the definition
    converges form a region of convergence (ROC) in the s-plane.
    • Properties of ROC
    a) Does not contain any poles
    b) Finite Duration signals
    c) Left-sided signals
    d) Right-sided signals
    e) Both sided signals

    3
    Laplace Transform of Elementary functions

    4
    Inverse Laplace Transform
    • We will use the method of partial fraction.
    • The procedure consists of expanding a rational algebraic
    expression into a linear combination of lower order terms.
    • For each element, the inverse Laplace is then determined by
    inspection.

    5
    Properties of Laplace Transform
    1. Linearity
    2. Time shifting
    3. Shifting in s-domain
    4. Differentiation in time-domain
    5. Differentiation in frequency-domain
    6. Integration in time-domain
    7. Convolution
    • We saw symmetric patterns between the time domain (i.e. signals),
    and the frequency domain (i.e. their Laplace transforms)
    • Differentiation in one domain corresponds to multiplication by the
    domain-variable in the other.
    • Multiplication by an exponential in one domain corresponds to a shift
    (or delay) in the other.
    6
    Analysis of LTI systems using Laplace Transform

    • We can specify an LTI continuous-time system by three


    mathematical relationships:
    1. The system differential equation, LCCDE
    2. The system transfer function ;
    3. The system impulse response

    • Convolution
    • Differential Equations

    7
    Transfer function H(s)
    • Poles and zeros of transfer function
    • Determination of properties of LTI system through transfer function
    1. Causality
    2. Stability
    3. Invertible System

    8
    System Function Algebra & Block Diagram
    Representations
    • Using properties of Laplace Transform, how can we simplify system
    interconnections
    1. Series/ Cascade Connection
    2. Parallel Connection
    3. Feedback Connection

    • Implementation of differential equation


    1. Direct form
    2. Cascade form
    3. Parallel form

    9
    Applications of Laplace Transform
    • Laplace Transform is a powerful tool used in different areas of
    mathematics, physics and engineering.
    1. sending signals over any two-way communication medium
    2. study and design of process control systems
    3. analysis of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
    4. simplify calculations in system modelling
    5. Mathematical analysis of mechanical systems (such as
    vibrations in spring, flow monitoring in tanks etc)
    6. quickly solve differential equations occurring in the analysis of
    electrical/electronic circuits

    10

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