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Lect.1-Equilibrium

The document covers the fundamentals of Engineering Mechanics, focusing on the statics of rigid bodies and the conditions for equilibrium. It outlines necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium, the role of hinges and joints, and the importance of free-body diagrams in analyzing forces. Additionally, it includes worked examples to illustrate the application of these concepts in practical scenarios.

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imantha bandara
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12 views

Lect.1-Equilibrium

The document covers the fundamentals of Engineering Mechanics, focusing on the statics of rigid bodies and the conditions for equilibrium. It outlines necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium, the role of hinges and joints, and the importance of free-body diagrams in analyzing forces. Additionally, it includes worked examples to illustrate the application of these concepts in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

imantha bandara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics

MaE 1063

ENGINEERING AND INNOVATION CLUB


Statics of a Rigid Body
Introduction
• Engineering Mechanics consists of study of both statics and dynamics.
• Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies at rest or moving with constant velocity.
• Dynamics deals entirely with bodies in motion.
• Dynamics is subdivided in to two parts.
Kinematics – Geometry of motion (Velocity, Acceleration)
Kinetics - (Velocity, Acceleration with forces)

Statics of a Rigid Body


• A particle will be in equilibrium, if the resultant of a number of forces acting on a particle is zero. (If
the resultant is 0 body is in equilibrium)
• Such asset of forces whose resultant is zero, are called equilibrium of forces.
• In this lesson we study conditions that have to be satisfied for the equilibrium of the system.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body.


1. The sum of the moments of the forces about a point is zero
and the vector sum of the forces is zero. i.e.,

2. The sum of the moments about three non collinear (Not


in the same straight line) points are zero.

3. The sums of the moments of the forces about two distinct


points are zero and the sum of the resolved parts of the
forces in a direction which is not perpendicular to the line
joining the two points is zero. (there is a body and have p1
and p2, 1st can get the moments of P1 and P2 then if it is 0
then you can take a any direction but that direction should
not be perpendicular to P1 and P2)

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Necessary Conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body

• If three forces are acting, then all three forces should pass through a common point, (Lami’s Theorem)
or the forces should be parallel.

Hinges and Joints


Light Smooth Hinge

If two rigid bodies are smoothly hinged then the hinge exerts equal and opposite forces on the members, and
cannot exert any couple on the bodies.

Two bodies connected by a rigid joint cannot move relative to each other without breaking the joint. In
addition to equal and opposite forces; equal and opposite couples are acting at the joint.

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Free-Body Diagram
A diagram of a body (or a part of it) which shows all the forces and couples applied on it, and which has all
the forces and couples labeled for use in the solution of the problem is called a free-body diagram.
Follow these steps to draw a free-body diagram.
1. Select the body (or part of a body) that you want to analyze, and draw it.
2. Identify all the forces and couples that are applied onto the body and draw them on the body.
3. Place each force and couple at the point that it is applied.
4. Label all the forces and couples with unique labels for use during the solution process.
5. Add any relevant dimensions onto your picture.

Composite bodies and internal forces


• Forces and couples which are a result of interaction between one part of an object and another part of it
will not appear in the free-body diagram of the whole object.
• This is due to Newton’s 3rd law.
• When the two parts are looked at as a single body, the internal forces and couples are added together,
and as a result of Newton’s third law will cancel.

wall

= F2
R1

F1 F2=
= F1

= F3
F3 R3 Ground

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Worked Example I
The pulley and shaft shown in figure have a mass of 102kg and the tensions in the sides of the belt pressing
round the pulley are 2000N and 500N. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the
bearing.
Bearing reactions are V &H
Resolve the forces
→ 2000 + 500 cos 30 = H
H = 2433 N = 2.43kN
↑ 500 cos 60 + v = 102 x 9.81
V = 102 x 9.81 - 250
= 750.62N = 0.75kN

Bearing reaction = =
= 2.54 kN
tan θ =

= 170 8’ to Horizontal

Worked Example II
Determine the tension in the cable and the horizontal and vertical components of reaction of the pin A, if the
system shown in figure is in equilibrium. The pulley at D is frictionless and weight of the beam AC can be
neglected.

= T x 5 + T sin θ x 10 – 80 x15 = 0
T = 86.08 N

= Ax - T cos θ = 0
Horizontal component Ax = 38.49 N
= Ay + T + T sin θ - 80 = 0
Vertical component Ay = 83.07N

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