TRANSPORTATION

& INSURANCE

Email: thaonp3@uef.edu.vn
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Part 1: Transportation

Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &

International multi-modal transport
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation
4.2 – International multimodal transport
4.2.1 Concept of multimodal transport
4.2.2 Multimodal transport & Intermodal transport
4.2.3 Legal basis of multimodal transport & Multimodal transport operators (MTO)
4.2.4 Multimodal transport contract & multimodal transport Bill of Lading
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Chapter objectives
➢ Understanding of container’s definition, infrastructures of carriage of goods in container.
➢ Understanding common types of container; Container identification number - markings,
size & type codes.
➢ Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container.
➢ Freight & surcharges in container transportation
➢ Concept & some kinds of international multi-modal transport
➢ Documentations used in international multimodal transport.
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport

4.1 – Carriage of goods in container

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container
a permanent character & strong enough to be
 Definitions (according to ISO): suitable for repeated use
specially designed to facilitate the carriage of
goods by one or more modes of transport,
without intermediate reloading
fitted with devices permitting its ready handling,
particularly its transfer from one mode of
transport to another

so designed as to be easy to fill and empty

having an internal volume of at least 1 m3

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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport

4.1 – Carriage of goods in container

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

Dimension of container
▪ Length: 10, 20, 30, 40, 45
▪ Width: 8.0 ft
▪ Height: 8.6; 9.6 ft
▪ Gross Weight: variable up to 35 tonnes
▪ ISO: International Standards
Organization / International Organization
for Standardization.
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport

4.1 – Carriage of goods in container

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container
Type of container based on structure

1. Container hàng khô (Dry Container)/(General Purpose Container)

2. Container hàng cần bảo quản theo nhiệt độ ( Thermal Container)
3. Container hàng quá khổ (Flat rack)
4. Container hàng lỏng/khí (Tank Container)
5. Container mở nắp (Open top Container)
6. Loại khác
STRUCTURE OF DRY CONTAINER
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

+ Bulk container:
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container 11

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

+ Thermal container:
- Air conditioner is like a human heart → bringing cold air to every point in the container, ensuring
optimal cooling efficiency for goods.
- Air conditioner is fully controlled automatically and are often used in the case of transporting
frozen goods, fresh goods or medical drugs.
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

+ Flat rack container:

+ Platform container
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

+ Tank container
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport

4.1 – Carriage of goods in container

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container
+ Open side container:
+ Open top container (OT):
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Chapter 4: Carriage of goods in container &
international multi-modal transport

4.1 – Carriage of goods in container

4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container
+ Named cargo container:
 Container identification number - markings, size & type codes:
Category ID Check digit
BIC U 123456 5
Owner Code Serial No.

 OWNER CODE : 3 letters in

CAPITAL.
* BIC (Bureau International des
Containers et du Transport Inter-modal:
Cục container quốc tế)
 Equipment Category Identifier /
Product Group Code: is one of 3 letters:
U or J or Z.
⬧ U: freight container
⬧ J: detachable freight container-related
equipment
⬧ Z: trailer or chassis
 SERIAL NO.: including 6 digits.
 CHECK DIGIT: 1 digit only, the last
digit in identification number, after Serial
No.
 Owner Code Examples

No Owner’s Code Shipping Company Country

1 MAEU, MSKU… Maersk Shipping Line Denmark
2 CGMU ; CGTU, CMAU… CMA-CGM Shipping Line France
3 CCLU ; COSU… COSCO China
4 APZU ; APLU ; NOSU… APL Shipping Line (CMA-CGM) France
5 HLCU… Hapag - Loy Shipping Line Germany
6 ONEU… ONE Shipping Lines Japan
8 WHLU, WHSU,.. Wanhai Shipping Line Taiwan
9 EMCU ; EISU… Evergreen Shipping Line Taiwan
10 REGU… RCL Shipping Line Thailand
11 YMLU… Yangming Shipping Line Taiwan
12 SITU… SITC Shipping Line Thailand
…
 (3) KÍCH THƯỚC VÀ LOẠI CONTAINER
GỒM 4 KÝ TỰ

* Ký tự đầu (chiều dài)

2 là cont 20, 4 là cont 40, L dài 45 ft

* Ký tự thứ 2 (chiều cao)

0- cont cao 8 feet
2- cont cao 8’6 feet
5- cont cao 9’6 feet

* Ký tự thứ 3,4 (loại container)

- P (1-6) Cont Flat/Flat rack
- G cont thường (G1-G3)
- R cont bảo ôn (R1-R3) hoặc (H1-H6)
- U open top (U1-U5)
- T tank T1-T8 hoặc (K1-K8)
=> 1-2 hàng lỏng thường
=> 3-6 hàng nguy hiểm
=> 7-8 hàng khí
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

Count the check digit of container

- Define exactly containers

- Avoid loading wrong containers
- Set up container loading plan on means of transport
- Help the owner to manage their containers

SUDU 307007 9
Step 1: Conversion table SUDU 307007

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38
Step 2: Make a sheet SUDU 307007
(1) (2) (3) 2n (4) = (2) x (3) Result
(b)x(c) (d)
S 30 20 30 x 20 30
U 32 21 32 x 21 64
D 14 22 14 x 22 56
U 32 23 32 x 23 256
3 3 24 3 x 24 48
0 0 25 0 x 25 0
7 7 26 7 x 26 448
0 0 27 0 x 27 0
0 0 28 0 x 28 0
7 7 29 7 x 29 3584
SUM => 4486
Step 3: Find the Check digit
THE SUM : 11
4486 : 11 = 407 surplus 9.
So the check digit of Container number SUDU 307007 is 9.
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Land transportation

Tractor trailer / Semi trailer truck

(Xe đầu kéo, xe kéo rơ moóc)
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Sea transportation: Containerships

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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Sea transportation: Containerships

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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Loading and unloading equipment

Straddle container carrier system Rubber Tired Gantry Crane (RTG)

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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Loading and unloading equipment

Loaded Reach Stacker Empty Handler

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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Loading and unloading equipment

Super Post-Panamax Crane

with Twin Lift

Outreach: 63–72 meters

Lifting capacity: 65-100 MT
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Loading and unloading equipment

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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Container terminal
The main facilities in container terminals include:

» Berth
» Quay
» Container Yard (CY)
» Container Freight Station (CFS)
» Storage area & Empty container depot
» Gate facility
» Interchange area (Reception/Delivery)
» Control center
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Container terminal
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.1 Infrastructures of carriage of goods in container

❖ Container terminal

Container Freight Station (CFS)

 DETENTION AND DEMURRAGE
(LƯU CONTAINER TẠI KHO VÀ LƯU
CONTAINER TẠI BÃI)
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation

 Contract of affreightment: Liner trade

 Transportation range:

❑ Port to Port shipment (CY – CY)

❑ Port to Door shipment (CY – Door)

Multi-modal transport
❑ Door to Port shipment (Door – CY)
(at least 2 modes of transport)
❑ Door to Door shipment (Door – Door)
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4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation

Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container

FCL / LCL LCL / FCL

FCL / FCL LCL / LCL

(1) FCL: Full Container Load

(2) LCL: Less than Container

Load
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation

Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container

 FCL / FCL shipping method:
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation

Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container

 LCL / LCL shipping method:
 4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation
Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container

 LCL / LCL shipping method:

(5) House B/L

(1)
(6) Master B/L
Shipper 1 Consignee 1

Freight Agent of
(4) Freight
Shipper 2 Forwarder
… Forwarder
…
Consignee 2

Shipper N
Consignee N
… …
Actual Carrier
4.1 – Carriage of goods in container
4.1.2 The operation process of container transportation

Main shipping methods of ocean freight transport in container

 FCL / LCL shipping method:

❑ The same as FCL / FCL method for delivery process

❑ The same as LCL / LCL method for receipt process

 LCL / FCL shipping method:

❑ The same as LCL / LCL method for delivery process

❑ The same as FCL / FCL method for receipt process
4.2 – International multimodal transport
4.2.1 Concept of multimodal transport

❖ Multimodal transport: the movement of cargo from the origin to the destination by several
different modes of transport (by road, rail, air, sea) under the same transport carrier in all
modes with a single contract of carriage or Bill of Lading.

 At least 2 modes of transport in a journey.

 Under one single contract or one transport Bill of Lading.

 Only one transport carrier (MTO – Multimodal Transport

Operator).

 At least between 2 different countries.

 4.2 – International multimodal transport
4.2.1 Concept of multimodal transport
❖ Some kinds of multimodal transport:
❑ Sea + Air
❑ Air + Road
❑ Rail + Road
❑ Rail/Road/Inland Waterway + Sea + Rail/Road/Inland waterway
❑ Land Bridge: hàng hóa được vận chuyển bằng đường biển vượt qua đại dương đến cảng ở
một lục địa → vận chuyển trên đất liền → vận chuyển tiếp bằng đường biển đến châu lục khác.
Chặng vận tải trên đất liền được ví như chiếc cầu nối liền hai vùng biển hay hai đại dương.
❑ Mini-Bridge: Container được vận chuyển từ cảng nước này sang cảng nước khác, sau đó vận
chuyển bằng đường sắt đến thành phố cảng thứ 2 của nước đến.
❑ Micro-Bridge: tương tự Mini-bridge nhưng nơi đến là khu công nghiệp hoặc trung tâm thương
mại nội địa.
4.2 – International multimodal transport 50

4.2.2 Multimodal transport & Intermodal transport

Multimodal transport Intermodal transport

- The movement of cargo from origin to - The movement of cargo from origin to
destination by several modes of transport where destination by several modes of transport where
each of these modes have a different transport each of these modes have a different transport
provider or entity responsible, but under a single provider or entity responsible, each with its own
contract. independent contract.
- A single carrier contracted to fulfill a journey. - Multiple carriers contracted to fulfill a journey.
 4.2.2 Multimodal transport & Intermodal transport

VD: Công ty TNHH An Phát có lô hàng 05x40’HC (hàng: Furniture) đóng hàng tại Bắc Giang, xuất từ
cảng Hải Phòng đi cảng TOKYO, Nhật Bản.
 Vận tải kết hợp (Intermodal Transport):

Công ty TNHH An Phát thuê ngoài dịch vụ do công ty TNHH DACO Logistics
Vận chuyển đường
bộ nội địa cung cấp. Hàng sau khi đóng vào 05x40’HC sẽ được vận chuyển bằng xe đầu
kéo từ Bắc Giang về cảng Hải Phòng. ➔ Hợp đồng dịch vụ vận chuyển nội địa.

Công ty TNHH An Phát thuê dịch vụ vận chuyển đường biển (lấy booking) của
Vận chuyển đường
hãng tàu MAERSK từ cảng Hải Phòng – TOKYO. ➔ Hợp đồng dịch vụ vận
biển
chuyển đường biển.

 Vận tải đa phương thức (Multimodal Transport):

Vận chuyển Công ty TNHH An Phát thuê DACO Logistics dịch vụ vận chuyển đường bộ nội địa
đường bộ nội địa từ Bắc Giang về cảng HP và dịch vụ vận chuyển đường biển từ cảng HP – TOKYO.
& đường biển → một hợp đồng giao nhận vận chuyển duy nhất giữa An Phát và DACO Logistics.
 4.2 – International multimodal transport
4.2.3 Legal basis of multimodal transport & Multimodal transport operators (MTO):

⧫ Multimodal transport operator - MTO: A carrier who concludes multimodal

transport contracts – i.e. contract involving transport by more than one mode of carriage,
and for which MTO accepts liability for the performance as a Carrier.

 Vessel operating MTOs (VO-MTOs)

 Non-Vessel operating MTOs (NVO-MTOs)

 Owners of other means of transportation.

 Businesses related to transportation.
 NVOCC
 Freight Forwarders
4.2 – International multi-modal transport
4.2.3 Multimodal transport contract & multimodal transport Bill of Lading

+ Some multimodal documentations commonly used:

❑ FIATA Negotiable Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading. (FBL)

❑ COMBIDOC: Prepared by BIMCO (The Baltic and International Maritime Council ), used for

VO-MTOs, approved by ICC.

❑ MULTIDOC: Published by UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development),

rarely used.

❑ COMBINED TRANSPORT Bill of Lading: issued by shipping lines, widely used.

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THANK YOU!
Any questions?