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16 views22 pagesIntroduction To Ai
Introduction to ai
Uploaded by
andrearocks409Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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«+ What is Intelligence?
+ Types of Al .
« AlAround Us .
* Role of Al to Achieve SOGs
« History of AL
« Importance of AI
« Future of AL
# Domains of Al
+ What are Sustainable Development Goals (SDs)?
+ Applications of Al in Real-Life
coors
ee * Advantages of Al
* Disadvantages of AI ' Coariition
Since ancient times, humans have tried to be better than others and moved forward with the creation of tools
that aided them to stay ahead of every other living being. In the attempt to make life easier, humans tried to
make machines intelligent and smarter. These days we have machines that can think and give responses close
to 2 human being. This is how the concept of smart machines came into existence. In this chapter, we are going
to learn how that change happened and how we came so far.
Z
3) What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience,
‘0 Sternberg and Sternberg—"Intel
processes to enhance learning, and th
to recognize problems and to solve problems. According
ligence is the capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitve
e ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.
can be defined as a person's abilities to think and
Intelligen learn and behave adaptively. It
igence is the capacity to considered intelligent if they understand the subject content and a}
are
ble to
'o learn. For example, students
score above average grades.
Introduction toAl | 143 #@
LMM) wo
Artificial Intelligence (AD is 2 Jn intelligence INO rach. |
branch of computer science that simulate huma’
s. The main
especially in computer systems, so that they can think and perform actions similar to human :
Of ATs to develop machines with intelligence like humans and having qualities ike perception {the acqu
sr information and fules for using the information] reasoning [using rules to reac? the approximate or des,”
ions) and learning {self-corrections):The term Artificial Intelligence is made UP of two Words: Arg
conclu
and Intelligence.
Artificial
4 Intelligence means “ability to think and take decisions”. In simple wer
Artificial means "man-made" an
1e refers to the ability of people to think ag
Artificial refers to the things made by humans and the Intelligenc
rs a wide range of systems and applications that has the ability to think and acti
an take decisions like humans:
Artificial Intelligence cove
is used for creating machines with programmed algorithms which
date.
learn from their-past experience.
humans. It
‘Athas made more impact on humanity than any other innovation till
Brainy Fact
In 1956, John McCarthy first coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” and defined it as the
science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Later in 2006, he was known asthe =|
“Father of Artificial Intelligence”.
of AI
4% has already become an integral part of our daily life, therefore, it’s important to understand what!
can actually do. In fact, Al is a broad term which includes Machine Learning, Big data or Natural Lang
Processing (NLP) as its subsets. These subsets can also be classified by the level of intelligence
Al can be classified into three categories:
* Weak AI
* Strong Al Let us re
of this Al are
«Narrow Al performs dedicated tasks with intelligence.
+ It cannot perform beyond its capabil
ilties. It is trai
specific task. It falls in unpredictable situations,” "© Perform a
cane the ee CramPle Of Weak Al systems. itis 2 digital virtual
assistant that operates with a predefined limited range of operations.
Al It is an Expert System combining machine learning and Natural a?
Language Processing,
* Some other examples include Self-driven cars, Image processing, e-commerce websites Using chatbots, AL
system playing chess, etc
Strong AI
{tis also termed as General Al. Machines with the following characteristics will fall in this category
* Machines that would perform a wider range of different tasks with the intelligence like that of humans.
+ Itisa step ahead of Weak AI by including problem-solving, learning and development.
* At present, we have not developed any such machines.
Wor machines with strong Al.
ir ‘of time and effort to develop these.
—_ jorning" and deciding to turn on the coffee maker
Introduction to Al | 145 me
CMM) Super AI
Super Als are in their hypothet
Js the human intelligence in performing any tas
their own emotions and desires 25 9
of Super Al:
ical stage. Following are the characteristics
4c will fallin the €ateGOry Of Super»
«Systems that would surpa:
« Super Al will be able to understand humans and will be able to evoke
ered as the next stage of Strong Al and developing such machines will be a challenging tay
~ >
Performs a wider range of |
different tasks with
human-like intelligence
epee teen
Surpass human)
intelligence
lei SSDS ik
« Itcan be conside
1. What movies have you seen about artificial intelligence?
2 How intelligent will artificial intelligence become by 2030, any guess?
3, At present, in what activities are computers better at than humans?
(B) How do Machines Become Intelligent?
‘Artificial Intelligence makes the machines intelligent. Programming along with some aspects of hut
telligence like decision making and problem solving gives rise to intelligent machines. Machines are fed we
enough data and correct algorithms to make them intelligent. Yeam 1: Ball
Team 2: Apple
eam 1: Bangle
Jeam 2: Pencil
| Team 2: loses
_ —= =
(S)at around us
When you pick up your smartphone to click a picture,
knowit or not. From the notifications that you received
it turns to portrait mode, you are using Al whether you
on your social networkin adve
BE ac new we ee 1g account to the rtisements
of the upcoming new web series, everything is Al curated. The following are some of the examples of Al
Ae
around us:
+ Smartphones: The built-in smart assistants (like Siri) are some
obvious examples of Al. Google's Al-powered predictions have a
\isible impact in every person's life. The portrait mode of the camera
in our smartphone is also an Al feature. It makes the background blur
while focusing the foreground object.
«Email Spam Filters: Email categorisation and spam filters are
one of the powering features of Al that affect our inbox. Simple
rule-based filters are used to mark spam or put email into
various categories as Primary, Socal, Promotion or Important.
| our
. p x i stants that we use tO control
Virtual Assistants: Smart virtual assistants TT Ties, They use <
smart house are prime examples of Al imPat i Ives
can adjust themse!
Alto study our behaviour and patterns sothattheY OT 4 quick Hi, how can |help?
automatically. They are capable tO do oa things Il
sages, set reminders, check the weather and 9 a
* Social Media: If you are posting a picture onto your social media account,
social media account automatically identifies the people and gives suggestion, .
ations that you recg
tag them. From the feeds to see on the timeline to the notific:
from these apps are all Al-based.
+ Music and Media Streaming Services: Music apps like Spotify or
media streaming apps like Netflix, Hotstar or Youtube are primarily
Al-based apps which make decisions for us. The type of content
that you watch becomes the base of the next recommendations
for you.
* Video Games: Al is used to control the creation ¢
characters, animals or machines in games. The machine
makes moves and actions based on the input given by
the player.
« Navigation: Al takes charge of your navigation through Google Maps, Uber or even
when booking flights/hotels. The apps used to make reservations use AI to give you
suggestions for alternate routes to be taken to avoid traffic. When you book your cab, it
uses Al'to give suggestions for both pricing and the type of car.
* Security and Surveillance: Al-enable security came
cover the footstep and do the analysis of the mov
taken by the intruders. They are smart enough to #
real-time monitoring
* Social Media Filters: Al-based snapchat filters capture the pixels of the image
scanned through a webcam and can build a face with different effects as desired by
person, "
ES ) Brainy Fact
n December 1955, Herbert Simon ang
intelligence Program,
Alle as
n Newell develop the Logic Theor
the first artific oy)
(g) weet is Not AI? r wae
gvery automated gadget around us is not Necessarily Al
that are not Al-based: ly Al-based. The following
. Afully Automatic Dishwasher:
are some examples of gadgets
It can work
On its own but ro
different parameters/commands and based on ut re
example of automation and not Al.
quires an input from humans. You can select
Your choices, the necessary action is taken. Hence, it is an
| 1p-Enabled Security Cameras:
They can be a
; iccessed remotely wit r ‘i
human touch. So, itis an exampl ly with the help of the internet but still need a
le of the Internet of Things (Ion),
+ Robots: They are generally considered intelligent but there are robots that can only perform one task based on a
specifcinstruction. These robots are extremely efficient but they are not intelligent. For example, industrial robots
are built for one type of task only and they cannot perform anything else,
® Ai Reboot
Identify what is AI or what is not AI from the following statements. Write YES if it is Al or write NO
if itis not Al.
‘a. Anonline shopping website displays personalised recommendations to its
users based on their previous searches and purchases,
b. Arobot which is programmed to carry out a repetitive series of movements.
@ It does not have any intelligence. ni Bs
Bi rataevice with fingerprint scanner to record the attendance of students
and teachers, It displays records when somebody requests for any record. y
4. Asoftware program that replies to your queries instantly. Itis also known
. wal
as chatbot. aed
‘Asmart device that understands your volc® and works according to gi
. Asmart device
it stant.
commands. It is also known a5 virtual ssi
Introduction to Al | 149 4
j {iil 7 (&) History of AT
h ppt of Alis several history of Al is as follows:
The conce} i
years old. If we see decade-wise, the h
sm in AL These were the
Bf funds for research and
The learning skils were
aapemnced and computers improved with deeper
Thisera experienced a shortage co experience. These were the years of rise of
This era was 2 OOF
years that saw flow
algorithmic tools
41974 to 1980, this duration was
known as the first Al-winter 1980)
pea ee
ye John McCarthy known as the founder
‘The modern-day Al came into ‘Al became part of eo @
Deep Learning in Al
pe
Chatbots were introduced. Google
termsBig Data Deep Leaming, Machine introduced “Google now’ app in 2011.
Learning and Data Science are most IBM's question answering system “Watson”
trending. There are various courses won a popular quiz show “Jeopardy’. In
online and on campus being offered at 2014, a talking computer chatbot “Eugene
school levels and universities levels. Goostman’ won the "Turing Test’.
‘AL has developed in manifolds. The
(@)wona Famous AI Machines
Some of the world-famous Al-enabled machines are as follows
+ IBM Watson: It is a question-answering machine that combines
artificial intelligence (Al) and sophisticated analytical software. It
answers the questions posed in natural languages. Companies
use it for analysing the data, predicting the future growth
prospects and automating some tedious and complex processes.
(hittpsi//Awww youtube.com/watch?v=s wof75GwCM)
*+ Google's Driverless Car: Google launched its Waymo divs"
to design, manufacture and market driverless vehicles arou”™
the world. These cars are Al-enabled cars
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdgQpalpUUE) nia, the Humanoid Robot: jt
H It is desi
—_—_—_—=————
0 Hanson Rob
‘empany Hanson Robotics in Feb igned by
. ince in March 2¢ b 2016 an, ¥ Hongkon,
gppea'9rnce h2016 inthe usa N95 made pKong-based
f er first public
Rtysuy
* The Assistant / ch,
Personal a. as
canes tbot—Alexa, Siri, Google's
as that do jobs based on co ee ae nie
hee mmands given to them.
+ Honda Asimo: It is a humanoid robot created by |
‘ated by Honda in 2020,
(tp yout ae
Lurl_X voz)
. peer Dynamics AI Robot: They are four-legged robots
lesigned by Boston Dynamics for commercial applications.
jorbike on a chart paper. It is the year 2030,
add features to create a machine that races against time.
| Let's get imaginative and draw a sketch of an intelligent mot
ee
()1mportance of AI
Alhas impacted all the fields and sectors.
Squipping the machines with the power {©
'mteligent with Machine Learning. We provide information £0"
{nd behave intelligently.
fentional functioning of machines. Al means
It has changed the conv
think and make decisions just lke human beings. Machines become
he machines to make them learn from its patterns
Jems that involve long and complex
Jn websites use long algorithms
a
Pe a i of AL
\derstand some of the importance
; i creased Accuracy: With the invent of AL rea-life Prob
es ai faster For example, the price compariso
. ll ae the comparison of PrCes
choo:
Introduction toAl | 152 &.
Lia)
re accura mn
robots: The tasks that cannot be done by humans, robots can be used to do those tasks.In panden,
+ Making of
Je to virus attack, robots can be easily used for vaccination and patient cq,
time, when humans are vulnerab!
With the help of Al, such robots can be made,
«+ Automation: With
The feedback ofa food delivery app is an example of a chatbot using AL
Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, etc. and chatbots, AI has been 2 boon in our day-to-day iy
fare available where Al augmery,
«Boon for Differently Abled Individuals: There are software and hardw
illionAbles and Let Me Hea,
ty abled individuals of the society. For example, software like Awaz
different
‘Again are some examples that use Al
(B)atin India
Alas a technology has evolved in every field. It is the fastest grow
{Al development. This technology has its roots from our country’s
have initiated and encouraged Al researchers and start-ups.
y Centre for Artificial Intelligence was launched in Hyderabg
ability Center India (HCC, The
ing sector with India having a biggest stake,
leading technology institutes. These institut
The Deccan Article notes that the first Communit
They also mentioned that The HexArt Institute is an initiative of the Hexagon Cap:
center will train over 350 students in several batches per year
‘The Favourable Ecosystem Economy and the vast poo! of talent in India has brought many big companies ofthe
world like Google, Microsoft, IBM, etc. to set up their research centers and Al labs in India
Recognising the Al potential to transform economy and development, NITI Aayog was set up to establish the |
National program on Al. NITI Aayog has partnered with leading Al technology stakeholders to implement Alin