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The document outlines Module 2 of the Structural Engineering 3B course, focusing on the Force Method for analyzing indeterminate frames. It details the learning outcomes, the procedure for applying the Force Method, and provides examples for frames with one and two redundancies. The key points emphasize identifying the primary structure, formulating compatibility equations, and solving for redundant forces to determine shear force and bending moment diagrams.

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18 views20 pages

LT_6

The document outlines Module 2 of the Structural Engineering 3B course, focusing on the Force Method for analyzing indeterminate frames. It details the learning outcomes, the procedure for applying the Force Method, and provides examples for frames with one and two redundancies. The key points emphasize identifying the primary structure, formulating compatibility equations, and solving for redundant forces to determine shear force and bending moment diagrams.

Uploaded by

ralulimimukundi5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

SUS3B: Structural Engineering 3B

Module 2: The Force Method


Unit 3: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Presenter: Dr Matongo Kabani


Course content

Overview of module
Module 2: The Force Method:
V Unit 1a: Static and kinematic indeterminacy
V Unit 1b: Review of virtual work method
V Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate beams
V Unit 3: Analysis of indeterminate frames
 Unit 4: Analysis of indeterminate trusses

2/20
Learning Outcomes

On completion of this module, students should be able to:

V LO1: Determine degrees of static and kinematic indeterminacy


V LO2: Analyse elastic structures using The Force Method.

3/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Introduction
The force method is one of the methods used for the matrix anal-
ysis of structures. Its is also known as the flexibility or compat-
ibility method. In the Force Method the primary unknowns are
the redundant forces, which are calculated by solving the structures
compatibility equations. Once the redundant forces are known, the
structure becomes determinate and can be analysed by applying the
equations of equilibrium and the appropriate member force displace-
ment relations.

4/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Procedure for Force Method


V Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the structure
V Chose redundant reactions from the indeterminate structure.
V Remove the redundants to obtain the primary structure.
V Formulate compatibility equations for each redundancy.
V Compute flexibility coefficients.
V Substitute flexibility coefficients into compatibility equations
and solve for forces or moments.
V Apply redundant forces to primary structure and determine the
force response
The force method is easily applied frames. Since the procedure is
identical to what has been seen so far, we shall proceed straight to
examples.

5/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

Example 01:
Draw the BM and SF diagram for beam below.(EI is constant)

6/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

We apply the imposed loads on primary structure to obtain BMD.

7/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

We apply the unit loads on primary structure to obtain BMD.

8/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

Using tables, we get EI∆C


5
EI∆C = (5 + 3 × 5) × −125 = −1041.666 ↓
12
5 5
EIδCC = × 52 + × 5(5 + 5) = 166.67 ↓
3 2
Note: In calculations above, a rectangle is treated as a degenerate
trapezium
We formulate and solve compatibility equation.
EI∆C + VC δCC = 0
− 1041.66 + 166.66VC = 0
∴ VC = 6.25kN ↑

9/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

We replace the forces and compute the rest of the unknowns in the
determinate system.

10/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with one redundancy

We get SFD and BMD

11/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


Example 02:
Draw the BM and SF diagram for beam below.(EI is constant)

12/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


We apply the loads on primary structure

13/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


We apply the unit loads on primary structure to obtain BMD.

14/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


We apply the unit loads on primary structure to obtain BMD.

15/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


Using tables, we get deflections
5 2.5
EI∆DY = (5 + 5) × −125 + (2 × 5 + 2.5) × −125 = −3776 ↓
2 6
5 2.5
EI∆DX = × 375 × 5 + × 15 × 125 = 2343.75 ←
6 6
5 5
EIδDxx = 2 × × 52 + × 10 × 5 = 208.33 ←
3 2
5 5
EIδDyy = × 10 × 5 + × 5 × 5 = 166.66 ↑
2 3
5 5
EIδDxy = − × 15 × 5 − × 5 × 5 = −125
6 2
Note: In calculations above, a rectangle is treated as a degenerate
trapezium

16/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies

EI∆X + VX δDxx + VY δDxy = 0


EI∆Y + VX δDyx + VY δDyy = 0
Substituting and solving:
2343.75 + 208.33VX − 125VY = 0
− 3776 − 125VX + 166.66VY = 0
Therefore VX = 4.26kN, VY = 25.8kN

17/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


We replace the forces and compute the rest of the unknowns in the
determinate system.

18/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

Force Method: Frames with two redundancies


We get SFD and BMD

19/20
Unit 2: Analysis of indeterminate frames

The force method has been demonstrated for frames that are static
indeterminate to second degree and can be extended to higher de-
grees by formulating the appropriate number of compatibility equa-
tions.
The main key points from this lecture:

V From the indeterminate structure, identify the primary structure


which is determinate.
V Formulate compatibility equations for each redundancy and com-
pute flexibility equations.
V Solve equations to obtain redundant forces or moments, apply
the redundants to structure and determine SFD and BMD.
In the next lecture, we will see how this is applied to indeterminate
trusses.

20/20

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