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Data Triangulation Protocol

The document outlines a Data Triangulation Protocol for Huruta Primary Hospital, emphasizing the importance of using multiple data sources to enhance the validity and reliability of findings in monitoring and evaluation. It details the reasons for triangulation, objectives, key stakeholders, and a basic approach to data triangulation, including goal agreement, data collection, and analysis. Additionally, it provides selected indicators for data triangulation and quality assessment between different units within the hospital.

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Feyissa Bacha
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74 views8 pages

Data Triangulation Protocol

The document outlines a Data Triangulation Protocol for Huruta Primary Hospital, emphasizing the importance of using multiple data sources to enhance the validity and reliability of findings in monitoring and evaluation. It details the reasons for triangulation, objectives, key stakeholders, and a basic approach to data triangulation, including goal agreement, data collection, and analysis. Additionally, it provides selected indicators for data triangulation and quality assessment between different units within the hospital.

Uploaded by

Feyissa Bacha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HURUTA PRIMARY HOSPITAL

DATA TRIANGULATION PROTOCOL

Prepared by EBC Team

MARCH 2015
INTRODUCTION
Triangulation is a method used to determine the location of a fixed point based
on the laws of trigonometry. These laws state that if one side and two angles of a
triangle are known, the other two sides and angle of that triangle can be
calculated. Over the centuries, triangulation was commonly associated with
maritime navigation, where sailors used it to track their position and course.
Historically, it has also played an essential role in surveying and civil engineering.
triangulation is the principle behind the GPS or Global Positioning System
technology. A GPS receiver processes radio signals sent from four different
satellites to determine longitude, latitude and altitude. (In theory, the signals
from three satellites could be used to fix the location; however, four are used in
order to improve the precision of the measurement. The core strength of
methods triangulation is its potential to expose unique differences or meaningful
information that may have remained undiscovered with the use of only one
approach or data collection technique in the study. Combining quantitative and
qualitative methods enhances the ability of analysts to rule out rival explanations
of change and improves the validity and reliability of change-related findings. For
example, qualitative findings may help explain the success of an intervention
when the quantitative data — the numbers — do not provide any corollary
information. Many experts believe that across-method and within-method
triangulation provide far richer findings than reliance on a single method.
Triangulation can only be done when data are available, whether they are data
from different sources, different investigators, different theories or different
methods. However, when data are available, there are a number of different
reasons why triangulation can and should be used. It is important to stress that
triangulation can and should be an institutionalized component of monitoring and
evaluation. It is possible and desirable to plan to use multiple inputs for
triangulation on a regular/recurring basis. However, when specific needs or
opportunities arise – e.g., an urgent request to understand the effectiveness of an
intervention in order to include those findings in a funding proposal – it is also
possible and desirable to conduct a focused triangulation exercise.
REASON(PURPOSES) FOR TRIANGULATION
Complex questions. When seeking to answer complex questions concerning the
quality, implementation, outcome and impact of a programme, the ability to draw
from multiple inputs can provide a wider range of information and a significantly
broader insight into the issues underlying the complex questions.
Dissimilar data. When there are sufficient data but they are dissimilar,
triangulation can balance the different perspectives and lead to a valid conclusion
or a new hypothesis that can be tested. In fact, triangulation can create
opportunities to compare a wide range of data on a particular situation or
phenomenon side by side, providing new insights and generating new
hypotheses.
Poor-quality data. When relevant data from different sources, investigators and
methods are available, triangulation can compensate for the poor quality of some
of the data, assuming that the validity and reliability of the other data can be
confirmed.
Insufficient data. When directly applicable data are not available, triangulation
may be able to use indirectly applicable data to draw a valid conclusion. However,
in these cases it is important to consider additional ways to confirm the accuracy
of the conclusion.
Trend data. When examining trend data on the epidemic and response,
triangulating from a range of data types and sources can provide a more precise
picture of the overall trend.
Rapid response. When there is a need to rapidly respond to a situation,
triangulation — using readily available data — can provide a valid perspective far
more quickly than collecting and analysing new data.
Alternative to research. When the findings from a rigorous, specifically designed
research study are not available and when such a study is not feasible,
triangulation – again, using available data – can be a viable option, depending on
the depth and breadth of the available data
Estimates of population-level outcomes. When no data on population-level
outcomes are available, triangulation can be used to piece together population-
level conclusions using the available data on subsets of the population.

Objectives
To Increase Data Triangulation between Department
To Increase Data quality

Key stakeholders
1 Hospital HIT
2 Hospital Medical Director(MD)
3 Quality Unit Head(QUD)
3 Department Coordinator
4 Department Head
5 Civil society representatives
6 Clients and/or beneficiaries of services
A bASIC APPROACH TO DATA TRIANGULATION
The basic approach to data triangulation is the same if the triangulation is a routine activity or an
ad hoc one. First, the goal of triangulation must be agreed. Second, the data must be collected
and/or aggregated before they can be reviewed. Finally, the data are analysed and conclusions are
drawn.

1 Agree on the goal(s) of data triangulation.


Since triangulation is a collaborative process, it is essential that
stakeholders agree on an achievable goal or goals. For example, a goal
of data triangulation could be to understand if risk behaviours are
changing among prison populations and whether any changes can be
linked directly to interventions.

It is important not to overreach with data triangulation. It can be a


challenging and time-consuming activity. Consequently, every goal
should be: appropriate (i.e. triangulation is the right approach);
relevant (i.e. the findings could have a significant impact on the
epidemic and/or response); actionable (i.e. the findings could be used
to make specific improvements in the response); and feasible (i.e. the
data are available or can be collected, the human and financial
resources are available and the triangulation can be completed in a
reasonable amount of time.

2 Request, collate and aggregate the necessary data.


If the data required for triangulation have not been requested from
the individuals and/or organizations that collected them and/or
control them, the necessary steps should be taken to ask for them.
Depending on who collected/controls the data Assuming the data
already exist, the individuals and/or organizations that collected them
should make the data available. However, for various reasons, they
can be reluctant to share their data for use in triangulation. For
example, in some cases there are critical issues of confidentiality and
consent. Consequently, the ability to successfully deal with these
issues can be an essential part of triangulation and it should be
addressed from the outset of any triangulation exercise. When all the
data required for triangulation are available, they must be collated,
aggregated and then presented in a graphical way, which makes it
easy to compare the similarities and differences During this process,
the quality of the data should also be assessed. Is it reliable? Valid?
Credible? At the same time, a determination of the level of
confidence in the data should be made
3 Analyse the data and draw conclusions.
While there are no fixed rules for the process of analysing data for
triangulation, there are several activities at the heart of the process.

First, analysts should make critical observations about the data: for
example, prioritizing the findings most relevant to the goal(s) of
triangulation, identifying ways that findings from different studies
relate to one another and highlighting gaps in the data.

Second, analysts should identify any trends in the data and


whether they are drawn from a single data source or from multiple
sources. (Not all triangulation exercises will provide trend data.
Huruta Hospital Selected Data Triangulation
1 Bed occupancy Rate Versus Number of Admission more than 24
hour at Emergency.
2 Attended Skilled Personnel delivery Versus Neonatal Sepsis
3 Emergency Referral Versus Referral Liaison register
4 Number of Surgery Versus Surgical site infection
5 Number of Surgery versus safe Surgical checklist
6 Live birth Versus Fully immunized
7 Opened BCG Versu BCG Given
8 Opened Measles Versu Measles Given
9 Inpatient Admission Versus Discharged
10 Total Number of specific Essential lab.test Versu Total Number
of days in the Reporting
Data Quality Triangulation between Unit
Month_______________ 2014
Selected Indicator No No Comparable Indicator Difference
Bed Occupancy Rate Emergency admission >24hrs
Attended Skilled Delivery Neonatal sepsis at admission NICU
Emergency Referral Referral Liaison Referral
Number of Surgery Surgical Site infection
Number of Surgery Safe surgical Checklist
Live birth Fully Immunized
Opened BCG BCG Given
Opened Measles Measles Given
Inpatient Admission Discharged from Inpatient
Total No of Essential Lab.test Total No of days in the reporting
period

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