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The document covers fundamental concepts of work, power, and energy, including types of energy such as potential, kinetic, and gravitational potential energy. It also discusses simple machines, their types, and the conservation of energy principles, including renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Additionally, it introduces motion concepts like linear and rotational motion, terminal velocity, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

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16 views3 pages

P 6 Reviewer

The document covers fundamental concepts of work, power, and energy, including types of energy such as potential, kinetic, and gravitational potential energy. It also discusses simple machines, their types, and the conservation of energy principles, including renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Additionally, it introduces motion concepts like linear and rotational motion, terminal velocity, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

Uploaded by

zabverg08
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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lesson 5.1 & 5.

WORK - the product of the net force acting on a body and the distance moved inthe direction of the
force (si unit: j - joules)
POWER - the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred over time. it quantifies how quickly
energy is used or produced.
- work produced over time. (si unit: w - watts)
ENERGY - “ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object. ”
- energy is just the force that causes things to move.

TYPES OF ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY - stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a
system.
KINETIC ENERGY - the energy an object has because of its motion.
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY - the energy stored in an object due to its height, or vertical
position from the zero position, usually the surface of the earth.
HEAT ENERGY - heat is the transfer of energy from a high-temperature body to a lower-temperature
one.
RADIANT ENERGY - energy that is transferred by electromagnetic radiation, which may be described in
terms of either discrete packets of energy, called photons, or continuous electromagnetic waves.
- EX. light, x-rays, gamma rays, and thermal radiation
CHEMICAL POTENTIALL ENERGY - the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance
ELECTRIC ENERGY - is a type of kinetic energy caused by moving electric charges.
NUCLEAR ENERGY - a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of
protons and neutrons

LESSON 5.3

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY - stored energy influenced by an object’s distance from the
ground.
KINETIC ENERGY - the energy of a moving object.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY - states that “The energy in an isolated system is conserved.”
MECHANICAL ENERGY - the sum of PE and KE in a system. It represents the energy associated with
the motion and position of an object.

CONSERVATIVE FORCE VS. NONCONSERVATIVE FORCE


CONSERVATIVE FORCE - a force which does not take into consideration the track the particle takes.
- Ex. Gravitational Force, Elastic Force, Electrostatic Force
NON CONSERVATIVE FORCE - type of force which is dependent on the track the particle takes.
LESSON 5.4

MACHINES - mechanical devices which make certain tasks much easier to execute.

TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES

LEVER - objects which rotate at a fixed point referred to as the fulcrum.


- FIRST-CLASS LEVER - have the fulcrum (F) between the effort € and load (L).
-EX. Claw Hammers, Pliers
- SECOND-CLASS LEVER - apply the load (L) between the fulcrum (F) and effort (E)
-EX. Nutcrackers
- THIRD-CLASS LEVER - have the effort (E) between the fulcrum (F) and load (L)
-EX. Human Arm, Sugar Tongs
WHEEL AND AXLE - Usually, the wheel is connected to an axle. If a force is applied to the axle, the
axle will rotate causing the wheel to rotate as well.
-EX. Vehicles, camshaft.
PULLEY - a simple machine which makes lifting large objects easier by altering the direction of the
force being applied.
-EX. Flagpole
INCLINED PLANE - diagonal surface which allows heavy objects to be transferred from an initial
position to another simply by pushing or pulling the object.
WEDGES - mobile inclined planes that are triangular in shape and capable of lifting, seperating, and
holding an object to it’s position.
-EX. Knives, Can Opener
SCREW - rotates along its axis through a hole which is used to hold an object to its position.

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: EFFICIENCY


CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: EFFICIENCY - from the law of conservation of energy, the amount of
energy present initially is equal to the amount of final energy.

RENEWABLE ENERGY - can be restored


-EX. Solar, Wind
NONRENEWABLE ENERGY - cannot be restored once used
-EX. Coal, Oil

LESSON 5.5

LINEAR MOTION - refers to the movement of an object along a straight path.


ROTATIONAL MOTION - refers to the motion of an object that revolves around an axis or a point.
TORQUE - the counterpart to force applied along the linear motion.
- also considered as “turning effect”.
LESSON 6.1

TERMINAL VELOCITY - the velocity where air resistance is great enough to prevent a falling object
from falling further.
-EX. Skydiving
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY - uses the symbol “G”.
- G = 9.8m/s²
PENDULUM - a body sus[ended from a fixed point so that it can swing back and forth under the
influence of gravity.

TYPES OF PENDULUM
SIMPLE PENDULUM - a mass (or bob) attached to the end of a string or rod of fixed length that swings
back and forth under the influence of gravity.
-EX. Swing Set, Clock Pendulum, Tetherball
PHYSICAL PENDULUM - consists of a rigid body that swings back and forth around a pivot point,
rather than just a point mass on a string.
-EX. Swinging Door, Wrecking Ball, Car Trunk Lid

LESSON 6.2

KEPLER’S LAW - Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe both produced a set of laws which explains the
motion of the planets.
- These laws were developed to describe not only the orbits of the planets around the
sun, but also to the orbit of the satellites.
 KEPLER’S FIRST LAW (LAW OF ORBITS) - planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, with the sun
at one of the two foci of the ellipse.
 KEPLER’S SECOND LAW (LAW OF AREAS) - a line segment joining a planet and the sun
sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
 KEPLER’S THIRD LAW (LAW OF PERIODS) - the square of the orbital period (T) of a planet is
directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (A) of its orbit.

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