Region XI Grade Level 8

GRADE 8 Teacher Althea Mae B. Gutierrez Learning Area Science

DAILY
Teaching
LESSON February 9:50-
Dates and Quarter IV
LOG 17, 2025 10:35 am
Time

Session 1
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learner demonstrates
Standards 1. the digestive system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and
excretory systems in providing the body with nutrients for energy
2. diseases that result from nutrient deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances,
and their prevention and treatment
B. Performance The learner present an analysis of the data gathered on diseases resulting from
Standards nutrient deficiency.
C. Learning S8LT-IVa13
Competencies / At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
Objectives a) Identify the organs that make up the digestive system.
Write the LC code b) Label the various parts of the digestive system; and
for each c) Realize some ways in keeping digestive system healthy;

II. CONTENT
A. TOPIC Structures and Functions of the Digestive System
III. LEARNING
Mathematics 8 SLM
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s
Guide pages
2. Learner’s
Materials
pages
3. Textbook
pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning
Projector, Laptop, Worksheets for Activity, Chalk
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES  Prayer
 Greetings
 Classroom Management
 Checking of Attendance
A. Reviewing
previous lesson or ELICIT (Assess Prior Knowledge)
presenting the new
lesson The teacher will ask the students the following questions:
Activity 1. Answer and Question Portion

1. Why do we eat?
2. Is eating necessary in keeping us alive?
After answering the activity, the teacher will give an additional input and the teacher
will give another activity.

B. Establishing a ENGAGE (Focus on the Topic)

purpose for the
lesson Activity: 2. YOUR AMAZING MOUTH!
C. Presenting
examples/ The teacher will give another activity. The teacher will give a cracker to each
instances of the students. The students will observe what will happen to the crackers after they chew
new lesson and swallow it. They will answer the following questions.

1. How did the texture of the cracker change while you were chewing it?
 2. Did you notice any changes after you swallowed the cracker?
3. How did the saliva in your mouth affect the cracker's texture?
4. Did the cracker feel dry or moist in your mouth? Why do you think that is?
5. What might happen if you didn't chew your food before swallowing it?

D. Discussing new EXPLORE (Discussion of Concept)

concepts and
practicing new The class will be divided into three (3) groups. Each group will be given a picture
skills #1 related to the digestive system. The first group will identify the names of the
4. Discussing new organs, the second group will identify the functions of each organ, and the last
concepts and group will arrange the sequence of the organs accordingly. The teacher will pick
practicing new a random students in each group to explain their answer to the class.
skills #2
The teacher will asks the students:

1. What are the different organs of the digestive system?

2. How these organs work in the digestion of foods?

The teacher will assess the student's learning by facilitating their understanding,
providing corrections, and offering additional insights.

5. Developing
mastery EXPLAIN
(Leads to Formative
Assessment) Digestive System- The digestive system's primary function is to digest food by
breaking down organic compounds into simpler forms for cellular use. This process
involves both mechanical and chemical digestion. As food travels through the
digestive system, various organs work together to facilitate digestion.

1. Ingestion- It is the initial step in the digestive process, involving the intake
of food or substances into the body through the mouth.

2. Digestion- It is the second step in the digestive process, where large food
molecules are broken down into smaller ones for easier absorption. This
begins in the mouth, where mechanical digestion occurs through
mastication—teeth cut and crush the food while the tongue mixes it with
saliva, forming a moist ball called bolus. Saliva contains salivary amylase,
an enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrates. The bolus
then travels from the mouth to the esophagus, which connects to the
stomach. Peristalsis, a series of wave-like muscle contractions, helps
transport the food and liquids to the stomach. The stomach is a J-shaped,
muscular organ that can hold about one liter of food and fluid. Its main
function is to store food, which is transformed into chyme by stomach acid.
Chyme is a semifluid material formed from the bolus and acted upon by
gastric juices. The stomach walls contain specialized cells that secrete gastric
juices, including hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which initiate the chemical
breakdown of proteins. The liver produces bile, a green fluid that breaks
down large fat droplets into smaller ones and stores it in the gallbladder.
Bile is released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion. The pancreas
generates three enzymes—amylase, peptidase, and lipase—released through
a pancreatic duct to help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats,
respectively. The body produces about half a liter of digestive juices daily.
The liver, the largest internal organ, weighs around two kilograms, while the
gallbladder is a small pear-shaped sac that holds about 50 ml of bile. The
pancreas is located below the stomach. The small intestine further breaks
down food into absorbable substances like glucose, consisting of three parts:
the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the first and shortest
section, measures about 20 to 25 cm and is responsible for continuing the
breakdown process by receiving chyme from the stomach, resuming
chemical digestion, and preparing for absorption through the villi. Organic
compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down by
 specific enzymes: carbohydrates by amylase, maltase, and lactase; proteins
by trypsin and peptidase; and fats by lipase. After about four hours, the
stomach pushes food into the small intestine, where secretion of enzymes and
acids aids in further breakdown. The jejunum, the second part of the small
intestine, measures 2.5 cm and absorbs small nutrient particles through
enterocytes, following digestion in the duodenum.

6. Absorption is the third step in digestion, primarily occurring in the small

intestine, where digestive juices, pancreatic juice, and bile facilitate
chemical digestion. This process involves the passage of soluble food
molecules through the villi—tiny, finger-like projections on the intestinal
wall—into blood capillaries. Each villus enhances the surface area for
nutrient absorption, allowing for the uptake of water, glucose, amino acids,
vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids.
7. Assimilation is the fourth process in digestion, involving the movement of
digested nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine through
diffusion, and their uptake by body cells via microvilli, which enhance
surface area for absorption. The ileum, the third part of the small intestine,
is approximately 3.5 meters long and primarily functions in the assimilation
of vitamin B12 and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The large
intestine consists of the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending colon, and sigmoid colon. Its primary functions include
reabsorbing liquids, electrolytes, and some vitamins from undigested food.
It secretes mucus to facilitate feces formation and maintains alkaline
conditions, serving as the final segment of the gastrointestinal tract that
completes absorption and compacts waste.
8. Egestion is the last process that occurs in the digestive system. It is the
release of undigested food collected in the rectum called feces and pushed
out of the body through the anus by defecation.

The organs that make up the digestive system include:

1. Mouth: The entry point for food, where digestion begins.

2. Esophagus: A tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
3. Stomach: A muscular organ that further breaks down food into chyme.
4. Small Intestine: Composed of three parts (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), it
continues digestion and absorbs nutrients.
5. Large Intestine: Includes the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending colon, and sigmoid colon; it absorbs water and forms feces.
6. Rectum: The final section of the large intestine that stores feces before
elimination.
7. Anus: The opening through which feces are expelled from the body.

Accessory organs that aid in digestion include:

1. Liver: Processes nutrients and produces bile.

2. Gall Bladder: Stores and releases bile into the small intestine.
3. Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, aiding in the
digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

9. Finding practical
applications of ELABORATE (Applying and making use of information)
concepts and skills
in daily living The students will label the main organs involved in the digestive system in the figure
and answer the questions that follow with their seatmate.
10. Making
generalizations Activity 3: Application in Action!
and abstractions
about the lesson 1. Lisa decides to try intermittent fasting, which means she will eat only
between noon and 8 PM. In the morning, she feels hungry but waits until
lunch. At noon, she has a big meal of a burger, fries, and a soda after not
eating for hours. What do you think might happen to Lisa because of her
intermittent fasting?
 2. Fitz Gerald picks a sandwich filled with processed meats and cheese, along
with a soda. What could happen to Mark because of this choice?

3. Jamie often wakes up feeling hungry but skips breakfast because money is
tight. At lunchtime, she looks for something to eat but has only a little cash.
Instead of a healthy meal, she buys a cheap snack, like chips, which doesn’t
give her enough nutrition. After work, Jamie has to make another hard
choice. Dinner options are limited, and she often skips it to save money. How
can Jamie's choices affect her digestive system?

11. Evaluating
learning EVALUATE

Quiz Time
General Instructions: Get one ¼ sheet of paper, write your name, section
and date today.

Part 1: Multiple Choice

Direction: Select the correct letter for each question based on the text.

1. Which of the following organs is the entry point for

food?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Mouth
D) Anus
2. What organ is responsible for absorbing nutrients from
digested food?
A) Large Intestine
B) Small Intestine
C) Stomach
D) Liver
3. Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
A) Pancreas
B) Gall Bladder
C) Duodenum
D) Rectum
4. What is the primary function of the stomach in the
digestive system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Store and break down food
C) Produce bile
D) Transport food to the anus
5. Which accessory organ produces digestive enzymes
that aid in the breakdown of food?
A) Liver
B) Gall Bladder
C) Pancreas
D) Appendix
 Part 2: Fill me Out!

12. Additional EXTEND

activities for
application or Assignment
remediation
In one paragraph explain how will you going to keep your digestive system healthy.

Prepared by: Checked by:

ALTHEA MAE B. GUTIERREZ LORELYN E. MADANGUIT

Field Study Student Cooperating Teacher