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CADORNA_ABE21_LAB08

The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on designing and analyzing a lighting system for agricultural buildings. It details objectives, materials, procedures for calculating lighting requirements, selecting fixtures, and simulating layouts, along with observations and calculations for various structures. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of proper lighting in enhancing productivity, safety, and energy efficiency in agricultural tasks.

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alexandraalva.cadorna
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7 views

CADORNA_ABE21_LAB08

The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on designing and analyzing a lighting system for agricultural buildings. It details objectives, materials, procedures for calculating lighting requirements, selecting fixtures, and simulating layouts, along with observations and calculations for various structures. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of proper lighting in enhancing productivity, safety, and energy efficiency in agricultural tasks.

Uploaded by

alexandraalva.cadorna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University


Province of Laguna
College of Engineering

Student: Cadorna, Alexandra Alva A.

Course/Year and Section BSABE 3B

Academic Year and Sem 1st semester

PO addressed

Intended Learning
Outcome

Laboratory Experiment No. 8

Design and Analysis of Lighting System for Farm and AB Structures

1. Objective:

1. To calculate the lighting requirements for agricultural buildings.


2. To design a lighting layout that meets specific illumination needs.
3. To evaluate the efficiency of the lighting system in an agricultural context.

2. Materials:

 Calculator or spreadsheet software


 Access to lighting design standards (e.g., PAES, local building codes)
 Internet-connected computer for simulation tools (e.g., Dialux, Falstad, or similar)

3. Background Information:

Proper lighting in agricultural buildings ensures efficiency, safety, and productivity.


The illumination level required depends on the task, building design, and size.
Common metrics include:

 Lumen (lm): Total light output of a source.


 Lux (lx): Illumination level (lumens per square meter).
 Color Temperature: Affects visual comfort and productivity (e.g., warm vs. cool
lighting).
4. Procedure:
a) Part 1: Calculation of Lighting Requirements

1. Identify the structure and task:


o Poultry house, storage barn, greenhouse, milking parlor.
2. Measure or assign dimensions of the structure:
o Length: m
o Width: m
o Height: m
3. Calculate the total area:

Area: m²

4. Determine the illumination standard:


o Use the recommended lux for the task (refer to standards).

Required Lux: lx

5. Calculate the total lumens required:

Required Lumens: lm

b) Part 2: Selection of Light Fixtures

1. Choose light fixtures:


o Fixture Type:
o Lumen Output per Fixture: lm
o Power Rating (W):
2. Calculate the number of fixtures needed:

Number of Fixtures:

c) Part 3: Lighting Layout Simulation

1. Use a lighting simulation tool (e.g., Dialux):


o Model the structure with accurate dimensions.
o Place light fixtures based on calculated needs.
2. Run the simulation:
o Observe light distribution and record average lux levels.
3. Adjust layout:
o Optimize fixture placement to ensure uniform lighting.
5. Observations and Calculations Table:
STRUCTURE TYPE LENGTH (m) WIDTH (m) HEIGHT (m) AREA (m2)
Poultry House 25 m 10 m 6m 250 m2
Storage Barn (for
30 m 10 m 14.5 m 300 m2
10,000 cavans)
Greenhouse (for plastic 18 m 8m 8m 324 m2
house type)
Milking Parlor (2
47.1 m 10 m 6.2 m 471 m2
milking stalls)

LUMENS
REQUIRED SIMULATED
STRUCTURE AREA REQUIRED FIXTURE PER NUMBER OF
LUMENS AVG. LUX
TYPE (m2) LUX (lx) TYPE FIXTURE FIXTURES
(lm) (lx)
(lm)
Poultry House 250 m2 200 lx 50000 lm Incandesent 800 lm 62.5 or 63 201.6 lx
Storage Barn 300 m2 150 lx 45000 lm Incandesent 800 lm 56.25 or 57 152 lx
Greenhouse 324 m2 200 lx 64800 lm Incandesent 800 lm 81 200 lx
Milking Parlor 471 m2 200 lx 94200 lm Incandesent 800 lm 117.75 or 118 200.42 lx

Calculations:
�������� ������ (��) = �������� ��� × ����
Required lumens for Poultry House (lm) = 200 lx × 250 m2 = ����� ��
Required lumens for Storage Barn (lm) = 150 lx × 250 m2 = ����� ��
Required lumens for Greenhouse (lm) = 200 lx × 324 m2 = ����� ��
Required lumens for Milking Parlor (lm) = 200 lx × 471 m2 = ����� ��

�������� ������
������ �� �������� =
������ ��� �������
50000 lm
Number of Fixtures for Poultry House = = ��
800 lm
45000 lm
Number of Fixtures for Storage Barn = = ��
800 lm
64800 lm
Number of Fixtures for Greenhouse = = ��
800 lm
94200 lm
Number of Fixtures for Greenhouse = = ���
800 lm

6. Post-Laboratory Questions:

1. Was the simulated illumination level close to the required level? Why or why not?
The simulated illumination level was close to the required level in some cases, but discrepancies
often occurred due to factors such as uneven fixture placement, light absorption by walls or
floors, and inefficiencies in the type of fixtures used. The accuracy of the simulation also
depended on the quality of the lighting layout and the fixtures’ lumen output matching the
calculations.

2. What challenges did you encounter in ensuring uniform light distribution?


One of the main challenges in ensuring uniform light distribution was determining the optimal
placement of fixtures to avoid dark spots or overlapping beams of light. Structural factors, such
as beams, equipment, or partitions, often interfered with light distribution. Additionally, the
reflectance properties of surfaces within the structure such as absorbent or uneven walls and
floors further contributed to uneven lighting.
3. How does the type of light fixture affect the system's efficiency?
The type of light fixture greatly affects the system's efficiency. Incandescent fixtures are
inefficient, producing only 10–20 lumens per watt and wasting energy as heat. In contrast, LED
fixtures offer much higher efficiency, delivering up to 120 lumens per watt, and they also have a
longer lifespan, better light focus, and improved uniformity, making them a more energy-
efficient option.

4. Suggest improvements to enhance energy efficiency while meeting


lighting requirements.
To enhance energy efficiency, it is recommended to upgrade incandescent fixtures to
LEDs, as they are more efficient and durable. Optimizing fixture placement using
lighting simulation tools can improve light distribution and reduce the number of
fixtures needed. Additionally, using reflective surfaces, such as light-colored walls and
ceilings, can help maximize light dispersion. Installing smart lighting controls, such as
dimmers, timers, or motion sensors, can further improve efficiency by adjusting
lighting based on activity levels. Regular maintenance, including cleaning fixtures and
reflective surfaces, is also essential to maintain consistent and effective lighting over
time.

7. Conclusion:

Summarize your findings and explain how this lighting design supports
agricultural tasks effectively.

The lighting design calculations and simulations revealed that achieving the desired
illumination levels in agricultural structures depends on accurate fixture placement,
appropriate fixture type, and consideration of environmental factors such as
reflectance and absorption. Structures like poultry houses, storage barns,
greenhouses, and milking parlors require specific lux levels tailored to their tasks,
ranging from low-intensity lighting for general storage to higher intensities for
detailed work or plant growth.

A well-designed lighting system enhances productivity, safety, and energy efficiency


in agricultural tasks. In poultry houses, controlled lighting intensity promotes healthy
growth and egg production. In storage barns, sufficient lighting ensures safe handling
and reduces accidents. Greenhouses benefit from full-spectrum lighting to optimize
plant growth, while milking parlors require uniform, bright lighting to facilitate
hygiene and efficiency during operations. By combining precise calculations, efficient
fixtures, and optimal layouts, the lighting design directly supports these tasks,
ensuring better working conditions, improved output, and lower operational costs.

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