What is CHESS?

Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of
chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king.
It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games
such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). Chess is an abstract strategy game
that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance.
Objective: Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece
moves in a distinct way. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king; checkmate
occurs when a king is threatened with capture and has no escape.

Chess Origins
Chess, as we know it today, was born out of the Indian game chaturanga before the 600s AD.
The game spread throughout Asia and Europe over the coming centuries, and eventually evolved
into what we know as chess around the 16th century. One of the first masters of the game was a
Spanish priest named Ruy Lopez. Although he didn't invent the opening named after him, he
analyzed it in a book he published in 1561. Chess theory was so primitive back then that Lopez
advocated the strategy of playing with the sun in your opponent's eyes!

Chess Theory and Development Through the 19th century

Chess theory moved at a snail's pace until the mid 18th century. In 1749, the French Master
Francois-Andre Philidor stepped onto the scene with his book titled Analyse du jeu des Échecs.
This book covered some new opening ideas (including the defense which still bears his name),
and also contained Philidor's famous defense in rook and pawn endgames - an endgame
technique that is still used today. Philidor's famous statement that "The pawns are the soul of
chess" was first introduced to the world in this book.

Chess continued to gain popularity throughout the world, and in the mid 19th century the
standardization of chess sets occurred. Before the 1850s, chess sets weren't uniform at all. In
1849, Jaques of London (a manufacturer of games and toys) introduced a new style of pieces
created by Nathaniel Cooke. These same pieces were endorsed by Howard Staunton, the
strongest player of his time. This new style of pieces, known as the Staunton pattern, became
instantly popular and were used in tournaments and clubs all over the world. The Staunton
pieces, and minor variations of it, are still considered to be the standard for tournament chess
sets.
Chess Variants
1. Active chess [9x8]: Played on a 9×8 board, adding a queen with an extra pawn in front.
Invented by G. Kuzmichov (1989), whose students tested the game, deciding that the
optimal starting position was to place the second queen on the eighth or ninth files.

2. Displacement chess [8x8, multivariant]: Some pieces in the initial position are
exchanged but the rules remain exactly the same. Some examples of this may be that the
king and queen are flipped, or the knight on the b-file is traded with the bishop on the f-
file.
3. Double chess: Two full armies per side on a 12×16 board, the first to mate an enemy
king wins. Pawns advance up to four steps on their first move. Capablanca found the
game "remarkably interesting".Invented by Julian Hayward (1916).

4. Endgame chess (or the Pawns Game, with unknown origins) [8x8]: Players start the
game with only pawns and a king. Normal check, checkmate, en passant, and pawn
promotion rules apply.

5. Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess) [6x6]: Played on a 6×6 board without
bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program.
 6. Upside-down chess [8x8]: The white and black pieces are switched so that White's
pieces are on the 8th rank, with pawns on the 7th rank, one step away from promotion.
The starting position looks like a standard chess starting position, but from the other
player's perspective. As the pawns are blocked by pieces in the starting position, the game
always starts with a knight move, and smothered mates are common

What are the Chess Pieces?

The chess pieces are what you move on a chessboard when playing a game of chess. There are
six different types of chess pieces. Each side starts with 16 pieces: eight pawns, two bishops,
two knights, two rooks, one queen, and one king.

How The Chess Pieces Move

1. King (INFINITY, if you lose the king, you lose the game)
- Moves one square in any direction.
2. Queen (9 pts.)
- Moves any number of squares diagonally, horizontally, or vertically.
3. Rook (5 pts.)
- Moves any number of squares horizontally or vertically.
4. Bishop (3pts.)
- Moves any number of squares diagonally.
5. Knight (3pts.)
- Moves in an ‘L-shape,’ two squares in a straight direction, and then one square
perpendicular to that.
6. Pawn (1pts.)
- Moves one square forward, but on its first move, it can move two squares forward. It
captures diagonally one square forward.
 The Pawn
When a game begins, each side starts with eight pawns. White's pawns are located on the
second rank, while Black's pawns are located on the seventh rank.

The pawn is the least powerful piece and is worth one point. If it is a pawn's first move, it
can move forward one or two squares. If a pawn has already moved, then it can move
forward just one square at a time. It attacks (or captures) each square diagonally to the
left or right. In the following diagram, the pawn has just moved from the e2-square to the
e4-square and attacks the squares d5 and f5.

 The Bishop
Each side starts with two bishops, one on a light square and one on a dark square. When
a game begins, White's bishops are located on c1 and f1, while Black's bishops are
located on c8 and f8.

The bishop is considered a minor piece (like a knight) and is worth three points. A bishop
can move diagonally as many squares as it likes, as long as it is not blocked by its own
pieces or an occupied square. An easy way to remember how a bishop can move is that it
moves like an "X" shape. It can capture an enemy piece by moving to the occupied
square where the piece is located.

 The Knight
Each side starts with two knights—a king's knight and a queen's knight. When a game
starts, White's knights are located on b1 and g1, while Black's knights are located on b8
and g8.

The knight is considered a minor piece (like a bishop) and is worth three points. The
knight is the only piece in chess that can jump over another piece! It moves one square
left or right horizontally and then two squares up or down vertically, OR it moves two
squares left or right horizontally and then one square up or down vertically—in other
words, the knight moves in an "L-shape." The knight can capture only what it lands on,
not what it jumps over!
  The Rook
Each side starts with two rooks, one on the queenside and one on the kingside. All four
rooks are located in the corners of the board. White's rooks start the game on a1 and h1,
while Black's rooks are located on a8 and h8.

The rook is considered a major piece (like the queen) and is worth five points. It can
move as many squares as it likes left or right horizontally, or as many squares as it likes
up or down vertically (as long as it isn't blocked by other pieces). An easy way to
remember how a rook can move is that it moves like a "+" sign.

 The Queen
The queen is the most powerful chess piece! When a game begins, each side starts with
one queen. The white queen is located on d1, while the black queen is located on d8.

The queen is considered a major piece (like a rook) and is worth nine points. It can move
as many squares as it likes left or right horizontally, or as many squares as it likes up or
down vertically (like a rook). The queen can also move as many squares as it likes
diagonally (like a bishop). An easy way to remember how a queen can move is that it
moves like a rook and a bishop combined!

 The King
The king is the most important chess piece. Remember, the goal of a game of chess is to
checkmate the king! When a game starts, each side has one king. White's king is located
on e1, while Black's king starts on e8.

The king is not a very powerful piece, as it can only move (or capture) one square in any
direction. Please note that the king cannot be captured! When a king is attacked, it is
called "check."

References:
- https://search.yahoo.com/search?
fr=mcafee&type=E210US91215G0&p=what+is+chess%3F

- https://www.chess.com/article/view/history-of-chess

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chess_variants

- https://www.chess.com/terms/chess-pieces
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
BACOLOD CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
BACOLOD CITY COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

P.E. 3 – INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS

“CHESS”
GROUP 1 – BEED 2A

INSTRUCTOR
ROSE MARIE S. SEBALLOS

MEMBERS
ATIENZA, AERIANE KATE
ESLEYER, ASHLEY NICOLE
NAELGA, APRIL ROSE
ORACION, LADY MARGARETTE
PACINO, JEREMAE
PAGUNTALAN, RENIE JOY
RIVERA, ANNA MAE
REMADA, ANARA FAITH