Philosophy Vision Mission

Core Values

Quality Policy &

Educational Objectives
Objectives
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

DANCE, SPORTS, MARTIAL ARTS, GROUP

EXERCISE, OUTDOOR AND ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
LESSONS 2

Chess
 Lesson Objective
After the lesson the students will be able to:
1. Learn the basics of the chessboard
2. Learn the names of the chess pieces.
3. Learn the moves of the various pieces.
4. Identify chess pieces and their movements on the
chessboard.
Most Common Beginner’s Questions In
Chess
• What is the best opening in chess?
• What is the first move in the chess openings mentioned
above?
• Can you move your Knight first in chess?
• . How do you know who goes first in chess?
• What moves does each chess piece make?
• What is chess?
Table of Contents
• how Set Up the Board
• Get to Know the Pieces
• Check and Checkmate
• What the Chess Pieces Are Worth
• Opening Goals
• Endgame Goals
• Online Resources
• First Chess Tournament in the U.S. Video
History of Chess
Chess is played more than 1500 years ago, It is invented in India in
the 6th century CE, its earliest known form was called chaturanga.
The pieces originally represented the military units common in
warfare at that time: infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots, a general,
and a king.
History of Chess
The game spread from India to Persia in the 7th century and then westward to
the wider Muslim world following the Islamic conquest of Persia. Islamic
influence then spread the game to southern Europe, reaching western Europe
by about 1000 CE.

The modern rules of chess emerged in Italy and Spain by the dawn of the 15th
century.
History of Chess
In the 20th century, chess competition became a worldwide affair. The
international chess federation, FIDE, was founded in 1924, and it
began to administer the world chess championship in 1948. Many
strong players contested the world championship, with legends like
Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Tal, Bobby Fischer, and Garry Kasparov
emerging as victors.
 History of Chess
Since 2000, the defining feature of chess is the wide adoption of
computer analysis to aid top players in perfecting their games. Computer
chess programs originated in the 1970s, and since Deep Blue’s victory
over Kasparov in their second match in 1997, players have relied on
computer analysis to help them gain an edge over the competition.
Online chess competition has also exploded in popularity in recent years,
with millions of competitors participating at all skill levels, across the
world.
• Chess is not typically considered a “dual sport”. While it involves two
players competing against each other, the term “dual sports” usually
refers to activities or games that involve two competing teams or
individuals in a physical, often team-based setting. Chess being a
mental and strategic game, is more commonly categorized as an
individual or board rather that a “dual sport.”
• Chess is considered an individual sport. While it involves two
players, each competes independently making strategic decisions
without direct physical interaction with the opponent. The focus is on
personal skill, strategy and decision-making
• Chess is often considered a sport but in a different
sense compared to physical sports. It’s classified as
a mind sports, as it involves mental exertion, strategy
and recognition. Chess requires concentration,
planning and ability to perform under pressure,
similar to other sports even though it doesn’t involve
physical activity in the traditional sense. Many chess
players train physically as well, recognizing the
importance of stamina for long games and
tounaments
 Setting Up the Chess
Board
R K B Q K B K R
P P P P P P P P

P P P P P P P P
Table of
Contents
R K B Q K B K R
 Rook
Pawn

Knight
Bishop

King
Queen

Click on each chess piece to get

information about how it moves.
Table of
Contents
 -Pawn-
The Pawn moves forwards only, never backwards.
On its first move only, it may move one OR two
squares. After that, it can only move one square
at a time, capturing only on the diagonal.

Practice the ways that the Pawn can move

by playing “Pawns”.
Return to
Chess Pieces
 -Bishop-
Bishops move straight along diagonals and
do not jump.

Practice moving the Bishop by playing

“The Bishop s Challenge”.

Return to
Chess Pieces
 -Queen-
Each side only gets one Queen. She moves along the diagonals,
the ranks, and the files. The Queen can move as far as she wants
in any direction until she encounters another chess piece or the
edge of the game (she cannot jump). The Queen is quite
powerful!
To practice moving the Queen, play “The Lady Has Power”.

Return to
Chess Pieces
 -Rook-
The Rook is next in power to the Queen. The Rook
moves in straight lines, never on diagonals.

Practice moving the Rook by playing

“The Rook’s Turn”.

Return to
Chess Pieces
 -Knight-
The Knight is the only piece that can jump over other pieces. The
Knight moves in an L-shape but he can capture only on the square
where he finishes his jump. Always the Knight moves first two
squares forward, backwards, or sideways, and then finishes the L-
shape by moving right or left one more square.

Practice moving the Knight by playing

“The Knight Rules of the Road”.
Return to
Chess Pieces
 -King-
In chess, you have one King that can move one square in
any direction. The King is the most important piece in a
game of chess, but it is very limited. The King can go in
any direction, but only one square at a time. The King
can capture any enemy piece or pawn that is undefended
and must always stay at least one square away from the
opposing King.
Return to To practice moving the King play “Kings and Pawns”.
Chess Pieces
HOW TO PLAY THE
CHESS
 STEP 1
Setup Turns and Taking Pieces
SET UP: Turns:
White always moves first, and players
alternate turns. Players can only move
The board is setup as shown. one piece at a time, except when castling
There should always be a white (explained later).
square at the closest right-hand
side for both players. Remember Taking Pieces:
that the queen must be on a
Players take pieces when they encounter
square that matches her color. an opponent in their movement path. Only
pawns take differently than they move
(explained later). Players cannot take or
move through their own pieces.
 Step 2: Pawn Movement
Pawn Promotion:

If a pawn reaches the opposite side

Pawns only move forward. On the of the board, it is promoted to a
first move a pawn can move one or higher piece (except king). There is
two spaces, every subsequent no limit to how many pawns can be
move can only be one space. promoted.
Pawns move diagonally to take
opponents.
 Step 3: Rook

Rooks move in a continuous

line forwards, backwards and
side-to-side.
 Step 4: Knight
Knights are the only pieces that "jump"
off the board. Unlike other pieces they
are not blocked if there are pieces
between them and their destination
square.

To make it easier to remember how a

knight moves think of an L. Two
spaces in a direction forward,
backward or side-to-side, and one
space at a right turn.
Step 5: Bishop

Bishops move in continuous

diagonal lines in any
direction.
Step 6: Queen

The queen moves in

continuous diagonal and
straight lines. Forward,
backward and side-to-side.
 Step 7: King
A king cannot move to a square that is
under attack by the opponent.

The king can move in any direction,

one square at a time
 Step 8: Special Move: Castling
Castling is the only move that allows two pieces to
move during the same turn.

During castling a king moves two spaces towards It does not matter:
the rook that it will castle with, and the rook jumps to
the other side. The king can castle to either side as
long as:
A. If the king was in check, but is no
1. The king has not moved. longer.
2. The king is not in check.
3. The king does not move through or into check.
B. If the rook can be attacked by an
4. There are no pieces between the king and
castling-side rook.
opponent's piece before castling.
5. The castling-side rook has not moved.
 Step 9: Special Move: En Passant
En passant is a special movement for
pawns attacking pawns. It only applies if
your opponent moves a pawn two spaces,
and its destination space is next to your
pawn. You can take the opposing piece
by moving forward-diagonal to your
pawn's attacked square.
Step 9: Special Move: En Passant
 Step 10: Check
A king is in check when an
opponent's piece is in a position
that can attack the king. A player
must move their king out of check,
block the check or capture the
attacking piece.

A player cannot move their king

into check.
 Step 11: Checkmate
Putting an opponent's king in In the illustration the white queen has the
"checkmate" is the only way to black king in check, and all of the spaces
win the game.
where the king can move can be attacked
by the queen. The king cannot take the
A king is in checkmate if it is in
queen, because the knight is protecting the
check, the opponent's piece that
has the king in check cannot be queen. The black bishop cannot block the
captured, the check cannot be queen. This is checkmate.
blocked, and the king cannot
move to a square that is not
under attack.
 Step 12: Stalemate

Simply put, a "Stalemate" is a tie. It is

achieved if there are no legal moves for
a player to make.
If white had another piece
somewhere on the board that was In this illustration it is white's turn. All
not blocked, it would have to spaces around the king are being
move. The game would continue. attacked, but the king is not in check,
therefore it cannot move. The only other
white piece, the pawn, is blocked by the
king. Because movement is impossible,
the game is a stalemate.
 Rules and
Regulations
• Chess pieces are divided into two different sets, while the sets
may not be literally white and black (e.g. the light set may be
yellowish or off-white color, the dark set may be brown or red),
They are always referred to as “white: and “black”
• The players of the sets are referred to as White and Black,
respectively. Each sets consists of 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, t2
rooks, 2 bishops 2 knights and 8 pawns. Chess sets come in a
wide variety of styles: for competition, the Staunton pattern is
preferred.
 THE OFFICIAL RULES OF
CHESS
• The following are the standard rules of chess as applied in World
Championship competition. In later chapter we present some of
the variations of the rules used in amateur, scholastic, and online
competitions. These rules conform in most part to those of the
world chess federation (FIDE), but differ significantly from those
found in American tournaments conducted under the auspices of
the United States Chess Federation. Since most American
tournaments are amateur events, those rules are discussed in
the section on amateur rules
This set of rules was composed by International Arbiter
Eric Schiller, with the cooperation and valuable assistance
of International Arbiters Andrzej Filipowicz (Poland) and
Yuri Averbakh (Russia). They were used verbatim in the
2000 Braingames.net World Chess Championship and
were personally approved by World Champion Garry
Kasparov and his challenger Vladimir Kramnik. Additional
advice was provided by Lothar Schmid of Germany, the
International Arbiter who oversaw the Fischer vs. Spassky
matches in 1972 and 1992.
 Scope

The Laws of Chess cannot cover all

possible situations that may arise during a
game. The Arbiter’s judgment will apply
when there is no specific rule available
 RULES OF PLAY
•1. The game of chess is played between two
opponents who move pieces alternately on a
square board called a chessboard. The player
who has control of the white pieces (White)
starts the game. A player is said to ‘have the
move’, when the opponent’s move has been
completed
•1.2. The objective of each player is to arrive at a
position such that the opponent’s king has no
legal move which would avoid the capture of the
king on the following move. This situation is
called checkmate and the player who
checkmates his opponent wins the game. The
player who has been checkmated loses the
game.
Additional Game Strategy
 Check and Checkmate
Since the object of the game is to
The King is in check when he is attacked by capture the opponent’s King, the game
the opponent’s piece. His capture is not is lost if you cannot stop the check by
allowed. The player making check must say blocking, capturing the attacking piece,
“check” when he is attacking the opponent’s or moving the King to a safe square.
King. If your King is in check, you must stop The “check” then turns into a
this on the next move. There are three checkmate. This means the King is
ways to do this:
dead. When the King is checked and
1. Move the King to a safe square. cannot move out of check, then he is
2. Move one of your pieces in the way of the checkmate and the game is over.
check by blocking.
3. Capture the attacking piece.
Table of
Contents
Know What the Chess Pieces Are Worth
It’s important to know how powerful each piece is in relation
to the other pieces. Below is the standard scale:
• Pawn = 1
• Knight = 3
• Bishop = 3 (plus a tiny bit more)
• Rook = 5
• Queen = 9

Table of
Contents
Opening Game Goals
• Castle early. Castling is the moving of the King
two squares to his right or left toward the Rook,
which goes on the square on the other side of the
King. You can castle once in the game.
• Aim to control the middle of the board with
your pawns.
• Avoid moving the pawns in front of your king
too early.
• Keep away from the edge of the board. Move
your Knights and Bishops into the middle of the
board. Table of
Contents
 Endgame Goals
• Try to keep all pieces on open lines in the
middle of the board. This is where they will be
most powerful.
• Bring out the King! Use it as an attacking piece.
• Concentrate on getting the pawns to the other
side of the board. If you get it all the way across,
you can promote your pawn to a Queen.

Table of
Contents
 Chess Practice
Click on one of the chess pieces to get more practice and
information about chess.

Chess Kids Chess for

Academy Children

Play Chess vs.

Table of
Computer
Contents
 Practice Activity:
Pawns
• Set up pawns only on each side of the board
in their starting positions.
• White begins.
• The object is to break through the opponent’s
rank and get to the other side of the board.
• When a player’s pawn reaches the other side
of the board, the player removes the pawn
and replaces it with a queen, rook, knight, or
bishop.

Back to Pawn Page

 Practice Activity:
The Lady Has Power
• The queen always starts on the square of her
own color.
• Line up the opposing pawns on the opposite
side of the board.
• White moves first.
• You will soon discover how powerful the
queen is against the poorly protected pawns!

Back to Queen Page

 Practice Activity:
The Bishop’s Challenge
• Place the bishop on his home square.
• Place a total of ten opposing pieces
anywhere on the board.
• The bishop has ten moves to take the pieces
off the board.
• Plan your strategy before you begin!

Back to Bishop Page

 Practice Activity:
The Rook’s Turn
• Place the rook on his home square.
• Choose eight opposing pieces to be placed in
a fixed position anywhere on the board.
• The rook has eight moves to take an enemy
piece with each move.
• Plan your strategy before you begin!

Back to Rook Page

 Practice Activity:
The Knight Rules of the Road
• The white knight begins on his home square.
• To pass the test, the white knight has to take
all the black pawns, which are fixed and do
not move.
• It can be done in as few as eighteen moves.

Back to Knight Page

 Practice Activity:
King and Pawn Game
• Set up King and Pawns on each side of the
board.
• White begins.
• To win, advance your king quickly and get
him to capture the enemy pawns.
• Be sure to not allow the King to move into
check.

Back to King Page

 Chess Cheat Sheet
Piece Moves… Extra Notes
one space at a time, can only capture on the
Pawn forward diagonal
unlimited spaces, until
second in power to the
Rook something gets in the way,
Queen
horizontally and vertically
the only piece that can
in an “L” shape consisting
Knight of 4 squares
jump, but only captures
the piece it lands on
unlimited spaces,
Bishop diagonally
unlimited spaces,
Queen horizontally, vertically, or the most powerful piece
diagonally

King one space in any direction may not move into check
References
• https://chessdelights.com/5-of-the-most-common-beginners-
questions-in-chess/
• https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1SBBizL6cdveP8Umf1pH
ZXDTmRS4RKDCP?usp=sharing
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chess-
250517392/250517392
Philosophy Vision Mission

Core Values

Quality Policy &

Educational Objectives
Objectives
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

DANCE, SPORTS, MARTIAL ARTS, GROUP

EXERCISE, OUTDOOR AND ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
LESSONS 5
 Lesson Objective
After the lesson the students will be able to:

1. Understand deeply the Word Factory Game.

2. Understand the movements of each pieces.
3. Develop their critical thinking skills .
4. Confident enough to play the Word Factory.
 Essential Questions

1. What is Word Factory ?

2. How to Play the Word Factory?

3. What are the benifits in Playing Word

Factory?
 What is a word factory game?

• A mind-boggling word game guaranteed to

make a player eat words, think words,
dream words in just a few games. Players
shake up 25 letter cubes and make words
out of adjoining letters. As fast as he can, a
player searches for words that he hopes his
opponents won't find.
WORD FACTORY
Equipments
Objectives
Materials Required
Preparation
Words Allowed
Points
Winning
Things to Remember
Benifits in Playing Word Factory
https://prezi.com/p/crxd9u7o5qul/word-factory-ken-
jarey/
 History and
Development of
Table Tennis
Table tennis, also referred to as ping pong, is a
sport that has captured the hearts of millions of
people around the world. From its humble
beginnings as a parlor game in England in the
late 19th century, to its transformation into an
Olympic sport, ping pong has a rich and
fascinating history.
The origins of ping pong can be traced back to the
late 1800s in England, where it was first played as
a leisure activity for the upper classes. The game
was known as "whiff-whaff" and was played with
simple equipment, including a lightweight
celluloid ball and crude paddles made from cork
and parchment. The first version of the game was
played on a makeshift table, often a dinner table,
with books serving as the net.
In 1901, an English manufacturer named James Gibb patented
the game under the name "Gossima," and a year later, the
company J. Jaques & Son Ltd began selling it under the name
"Ping-Pong.", enabling the birth of the "Ping-Pong
Association". Not long after, the well-known company, Parker
Brothers, acquired rights for "Ping Pong" and were extremely
stringent on whoever used their name for anything other than
to promote their game equipment. To get around this, the term
Table Tennis was coined as to ensure tournaments could go on
without a hitch. This marked the beginning of the
commercialization of the sport, and the term "ping pong"
quickly became the popular name for the game.
As ping pong grew in popularity, the equipment and rules of the
game evolved.
- The ball became lighter and bouncier
- Paddles became more sophisticated, allowing for greater
control and precision.
- The net also became standardized, and the game was played
on a regulation-sized table.
- In 1926, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was
founded, setting the rules and regulations for the sport and
paving the way for international competitions.
 The first World Table Tennis Championships
were held in London in 1926 and the sport
rapidly gained recognition as a legitimate and
competitive sport. The early competitions were
dominated by English and Hungarian players.
 The 1950s and 1960s are often referred to as
the "Golden Age" of ping pong, as the sport
reached new heights of popularity and cultural
significance. It serve not just as competitive
sports but also for leisure activity which carried
over until the present day.
During this era, ping pong also became a
symbol of diplomacy, as political leaders and
diplomats used the sport to bridge divides and
promote peace.
Ping pong's status as a competitive sport continued to
grow in the decades that followed, and in 1988, it was
officially recognized as an Olympic Sport. The first
Olympic table tennis competition was held at the 1988
Summer Games in Seoul, and the event was a
resounding success, attracting a huge audience and
showcasing the best players from around the world.
Since then, ping pong has been a staple of the Olympic
Games, with top athletes competing for the coveted
gold medal.
 Today, ping pong continues to thrive, with millions of people
around the world enjoying the sport in their homes, schools,
and clubs. The game has evolved to include new technologies,
such as automated ball machines and high-tech paddles,
making it easier and more accessible than ever before. The
sport is also becoming more diverse, with players of all ages,
genders, and ethnicities joining in and competing at the highest
levels.
WHO ARE THEY:
1. David Foster - In 1890, patented his creation, "Table Lawn Tennis," a game
that incorporated elements of lawn tennis while adapting them for indoor
play. The game provided an enjoyable pastime for the upper classes during
social gatherings and paved the way for the sport's evolution.
2. Edward Cooke Goode - known as E.C. Goode, was a British table tennis
enthusiast and inventor who played a vital role in shaping the sport's
modern form. His innovative contributions to table tennis, particularly in the
development of the racket, had a lasting impact on the game and its
evolution.
3. Ivor Montagu - the Hungarian-born sports official and player. Born in 1904,
Montagu played a significant role in the development and promotion of the
sports.In 1926, Montagu founded the International Table Tennis Federation
(ITTF), which helped to standardize the rules and regulations of the sport
and organized the first World Table Tennis Championships in London in
1926.
A Timeline of Table Tennis History
Year Event
1880s Origin of table tennis as a parlor game in Victorian Britain.

1901 "Ping Pong" is registered as a trademark by J. Jacques & Son Ltd.

1903 E.C. Goode invents the modern table tennis racket; James Gibb introduces celluloid balls.

1921 Founding of the Table Tennis Association, later becoming the ITTF.

1927 First World Table Tennis Championships held in London.

1930s-1950s Racket technology evolves with rubber and sponge introductions.

1971 Ping Pong Diplomacy between the United States and China.

1988 Table tennis becomes an Olympic sport at the Summer Olympics in Seoul.

2000 ITTF introduces a rule change, increasing the ball's diameter from 38 mm to 40 mm.

2001 Scoring system changes from best-of-21 points format to best-of-11 points format.

2014 Plastic balls replace celluloid balls in official competitions.

Facilities and
Equipment for
Table Tennis
Millions of people worldwide play table tennis, an exhilarating
sport. People of all skill levels can enjoy and be challenged by
the game, from casual fans to expert athletes. The player's gear
is critical to how much they enjoy the game and how well they
do on the court.

The four most essential pieces of tennis equipment are a

table, net, ball, and racket. A tennis competition cannot
begin without complete table tennis equipment and gear. So
here is a list of table tennis equipment you will need to get
started in the sport.
RACKET
A player’s racket is their instrument. Every table tennis player must be well
acquainted with their racket to understand its limits.
- Most table tennis rackets are 150x157mm long, though defensive rackets
are generally larger at around 162x156mm.
- A typical table tennis racket weighs around 170 to 195 grams, though
cheap premade rackets can be much lighter than that.
Table tennis rackets must comply with a set of rules.
For example, all rackets have to be at least 85% wooden. The remaining 15%
can be any other material.
These special materials are used to enhance the performance of the racket,
and they’re called “composites”. The most common composite is carbon
fiber, which is often mixed with other compounds such as arylate or zylon to
achieve different effects.
The second rule rackets have to comply with is that they must have a
colored rubber (usually red), and a black rubber.
Rackets are composed of
3 parts:

the blade,
the forehand rubber,
and the backhand
rubber.
TABLE

Table tennis tables come in all shapes and sizes. There are indoor tables,
outdoor tables, good quality tables, cheap tables, expensive tables, you name
it. The important thing when choosing a table tennis table is that it is from a
reputable brand and that its tabletop is of good quality.

Standard Size Tables

Standard size tables are sized according to the current ITTF rules.
They measure 274 x 152.5 x 76cm (9ft x 5ft x 2.5ft) and can be found in two
different variants, indoor tables, and outdoor tables.
Standard size
indoor tables
are the most
common
tables in table
tennis. They are
the ones you
would find in
any club and in
tournaments
around the
world.
To choose a good
indoor table, we
recommend that
its board is at least
18mm thick, to
guarantee an even
bounce. The
thicker the
tabletop, the more
consistent the
bounce.
NET

Nets are one of the four essential

elements, along with the table, the
rackets, and the ball. To choose a good
net, you should always buy one from a
reputable table tennis brand. Nets from
reputable brands are always of good
quality.

A standard table tennis net is 15.25

centimeters (6 inches) high and 183
centimeters (6 feet) wide. It should
extend 15.25 centimeters beyond the
width of the table on each side.
BALL

Table tennis balls are another

essential piece of equipment.
As per current regulations,
table tennis balls are 40mm in
diameter, 2.7 grams in weight
and they are made from ABS
plastic.
Rules of the
Game
A table tennis match begins with
the umpire conducting a coin-
toss. The winner has the options
to serve the ball first, receive it, or
choose the side of the table they’d
like to play from.
The server has to hold the ball with an
open palm, toss it up and strike it in a
manner that the ball bounces first on the
server’s side of the table before bouncing
over the net to the other side.

The receiver, however, can return it by

hitting it over the net and into the
opponent’s half of the table. If the player
attempts to return the ball before it
bounces, a foul is called.

In singles competition, while the service

rule allows the server to serve to any part of
the table on the opposite end, in doubles,
the service has to travel diagonally across
the table.
How table tennis points are scored
The aim in table tennis is to strike the ball in
a manner that the opponent fails to make
contact with the ball, which earns the player
a point. This can either be by sheer power,
spin or other deceptive means.

However, if the ball hits the net and it fails to

bounce over into the opponent’s half, or hits
it over the net and out of bounds without
coming into contact with the table, the
opponent gets a point.

The opponent can also be awarded a point if

you hit the ball outside the playing surface or
if the ball comes in contact with any part of
your body while attempting a shot.
How to win in table tennis

According to the laws of table tennis, a

player can win a game of table tennis by
scoring 11 points - with one point
awarded for every infringement. Every
player gets to serve twice in a row. The
first to 11 points is declared the winner.
If the points are tied at 10-10, a player
then has to strive for a two-point lead to
win the game.

A match is won by winning games. The

number of games per match varies across
competitions and categories.
While singles matches are usually a best-
of-seven event, doubles are a best-of-five
affair.
References

https://www.best-table-tennis-tables.com/who-invented-ping-pong-brief-history-table-tennis

https://www.stigaus.com/blogs/players-corner/the-fascinating-history-of-ping-
pong?srsltid=AfmBOorUM0kAafNVeMTvb2epOWJbLTeCu6m0sWieUiNEH-wvAhJG2NMK

https://racketinsight.com/table-tennis/basic-equipment-list/

https://olympics.com/en/news/table-tennis-rules-regulations-how-to-play-official-laws-serve

https://www.wikihow.com/Keep-Score-in-Ping-Pong-or-Table-Tennis
 Parts of a table tennis racket

If you are starting to play ping pong, you will find a wide variety of assembled ping pong
paddles, which have predetermined and common parts in all models. But in more advanced
players things change. In these cases, each player customizes his racket, individually choosing
each of the components.

Differentiating the parts of a ping pong racket, and their function in the game, will help you to
know what type of table tennis racket you need according to your way of playing ping pong, your
tastes and your level of play.

Customizing your table tennis racket is a great step in growing as a ping pong player and further
specializing in a particular game mode.

Wood

Wood is the basis for the various parts of a ping pong racket. This is characterized by the
different layers that compose it.

As a general rule, the more layers the wood has, the less flexibility it will provide. This means
that the ping pong paddle will be more difficult to control, but it will offer a higher speed in the
game.

There are also table tennis blades that include carbon fiber blades, but these are reserved for
more advanced players as they offer maximum speed but are very difficult to control as they
have a very hard feel and the ball is barely felt when hit. .

Handle

The handle is another part of a ping pong paddle that you can (and should) customize if you
want to become a professional player.
There are different types of handles for table tennis rackets:

Anatomical handle (AN). It fits perfectly in the palm of the hand

Concave handle (FL). It is a narrower handle in the middle and with a wider base, it is the most
used by professional table tennis players.

Straight handle (ST). These handles have the same measurement in the different areas.

In addition to the shape, you can buy ping pong handles with different technologies such as a
hollow handle, with intermediate foam..., although the most used are the classic normal handles
without any technology.

Rubbers

The rubber or rubber of the ping pong paddle lines each side of the table tennis racket. This
rubber will have to be black on one side and red on the other. This is so that the opposing player
can observe and recognize the type of turn that is made to place the ball.

In VSport you will find rubbers of different thicknesses, as well as smooth ping pong rubbers or
rubbers with short spikes or long spikes.

Smooth table tennis rubbers add more spin to the ball. On the other hand, ping pong rubbers
with spikes give the ball a more direct trajectory and can be attacking (short spikes) or more
defensive (long spikes)
. The quality of the rubber will affect the effect of each hit. The higher the quality, the greater the
effect can be achieved.

Sponge

The sponge is the part of the ping pong paddle that sits between the wood and the rubber. The
sponge helps protect the wood and, like the rest of the elements that make up the blades, adds
personalization.

There are different types of sponges, which vary according to the thickness and hardness of the
material.

When the sponge is thin and soft, it gives the racket more game control but less speed.

Thick and hard sponges, on the other hand, are usually more recommended for offensive
players who are looking for maximum speed in the game.

In short, the thicker and the harder, the higher the speed.
Philosophy Vision Mission

Core Values

Quality Policy &

Educational Objectives
Objectives
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

DANCE, SPORTS, MARTIAL ARTS, GROUP

EXERCISE, OUTDOOR AND ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
 What is Sports means?
• An activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an
individual or team competes against another or others for
entertainment.

• A human activity involving physical exertion and skill as the primary

focus of the activity, with elements of competition or social
participation where rules and patterns of behaviour governing the
activity exist formally through organizations and is generally
recognized as a sport.
History of Sports
Sports have been part of human history
since prehistoric times. Early humans
engaged in physical activities that laid the
foundation for later sports.
These activities included running, jumping,
wrestling, and various forms of martial arts,
often used for hunting and survival. As
societies developed, sports took on more
organized forms in ancient civilizations like
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT, GREECE, and
ROME.
Ancient Greece, in particular, had a profound
influence on sports culture. The Olympic Games,
first held in Olympia around 776 BC, became the
most prestigious athletic event in the ancient
world, uniting Greek city-states and promoting
physical prowess, camaraderie, and cultural
exchange.
The 18th and 19th centuries marked a
significant period of transformation in sports.
Industrialization and urbanization led to
increased leisure time, enabling people to
participate in recreational activities. Organized
sports clubs and associations were established,
and standardized rules for various sports were
developed.
During the 20th century witnessed a
tremendous growth in sports, both in terms of
participation and commercialization.
Advancements in technology, mass media,
and transportation played sports more
accessible to global audiences and become
major entertainment events in the
International scene.
In recent times, digital technology and the
internet have revolutionized sports
consumption, providing global audiences with
instant access to live events, statistics, and
analyses. Esports, competitive video gaming,
has also emerged as a major industry,
attracting millions of fans worldwide.
 History of Sport
• Sport has been recorded for centuries
• The documented history of sports goes back at
least 3,000 years.
• Involved the preparation for war or training as a
hunter, which explains why so many early games
involved the throwing of spears, stakes, and rocks,
and sparring one-on-one with opponents.
•A wide range of sports were already established
by the time of Ancient Greece and the military
culture and the development of sport in Greece
influenced one another considerably. Sport
became such a prominent part of their culture that
the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in
ancient times were held every four years in a
small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.
• Senet in Egypt: 3000 BC
• Backgammon in Mesopotamia: 2500 BC
• Egyptian sports: from 2000 BC
• Greek athletics: 8th century BC
• The extended games: 7th century BC
• Polo: 6th century BC
• Hockey: 6th century BC
• Boxing in Rome: 1st century BC - 5th century
AD
• Dominoes and playing cards: 9th - 19th century
• Bowls: from the 13th century
• BILLIARDS:16TH-19TH CENTURY
• Horse-racing: 17th - 18th century
 Name the sports in the pictures. Which categories do they belong to? Which
of them do you practise or watch on TV? Which sports are common disciplines
in the Olympic Games?
1. 2. 3. 4.

synchronised swimming swimming

golf baseball
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.

American football

hurdling shot put mountain biking football

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

volleyball
handball
gymnastics

vaulting
• Sports is undoubtedly
an activity that is fun to
do, but it has many
other positive effects on
a person's life as well.
• Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical
activity or game.
• It can improve one's physical health.
• Is generally recognized as system of activities based
in physical athleticism or physical dexterity.
• Sport is also a major source of entertainment for non-
participants, with spectator sport drawing large crowds
to sport venues, and reaching wider audiences
through broadcasting.
 Meaning and Usage
Etymology
The word "sport" comes from the Old French desport meaning
"leisure", with the oldest definition in English from around 1300 being
"anything humans find amusing or entertaining".
Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the
purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including
ones that require exercise. Roget's defines the noun sport as an
"activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement" with synonyms
including diversion and recreation
 CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS

Sports are competitions of physical strength,

skill, or endurance against opponents or
against an objective standard such as time,
height, or distance.
There are a number of systems for classifying sports,
based on different criteria.
1. Team – Individual
Team sports are practiced between opposing teams, where the
players interact to achieve the objective of the game.
Individual sports are based on one-to-one confrontation or timed
races.
2. Opponent – Achievement
The objective of opponent sports is to defeat the opponent in combat,
court or board games.
Among achievement sports the following categories can be
distinguished: target, display, strength and endurance.
3. Environment
This division is based on the environment where the sport is
performed, e.g. stadium sports, court games, water sports, etc.
4. Professional – Amateur
Professional Sports are conducted for profit by entrepreneurs
who pay athletes depending on their popularity and performance.
Professional sports are regulated by leagues or associations that
set rules of competition and often are involved in regulating the
salaries and working conditions of athletes.
5. Spectator Sports
A spectator sport is one that is characterized by the presence of
spectators at matches or competitions. Spectator sports may be
professional sports or amateur sports. Car racing is one of the
most popular spectator sports in the world.
6. Olympic Sports
The Summer Olympic Games include 28 sports with 38
disciplines, the Winter Games include 7 sports with 15
disciplines. Until 1992, the Olympics also often featured
demonstration sports. The objective was for these sports to reach
a larger audience; the winners of these events are not official
Olympic champions. These sports were sometimes sports
popular only in the host nation.
 Difference between
Individual, Dual and Team
Sports
What Are Individual Sports?

Individual sports are defined as activities in which competing as a

part of a team isn’t required. The athlete is on their own and is
the one who’s responsible for bringing home the win. Although
individual sports can be competitive, the athlete is also in
competition with themselves.
Practicing a sport individually requires plenty of motivation in order to
develop the skills that are needed to progress in the activity. Along with
gaining additional skills, two other main benefits of individual sports are
self-discipline and mental focus. The more you practice, the better you
can get, and you’re the one who’s responsible for reaching your goal.

However, one primary disadvantage of individual sports is that same

responsibility — if you take competitions seriously and lose, you’re
responsible — and it can be hard to push yourself to keep improving at
times when you’re only holding yourself accountable.
Examples of popular individual sports
include:
• Skiing
• Snowboarding
• Running
• Swimming
• Bouldering
• Archery
• Gymnastics
• Weightlifting
 What Are Dual Sports?
Compared to individual sports, there aren’t as many
dual sports out there — but dual sports can take
several different forms. In one form of dual sports, a
single athlete competes against another single
athlete; there’s no team, just two athletes against
each other in a one-on-one match. Dual sports can
also involve two athletes on the same team
competing with two athletes of the opposite team,
known as two on two.
Dual sports come with many benefits. Not only do they encourage a lot of
discipline, but they also involve utilizing analytical skills and studying what’s
needed in order to beat your opponent. For example, one such sport is
tennis. While bringing your own skills to the court is impressive, you also
have to know something about whom you’re competing against. You can
then make their weakness your strength and study their techniques to
overcome them during play. If you’ve seen Netflix’s The Queen’s Gambit,
you can see how this applies to chess, too.

Playing as a duo also comes with many benefits. If the two players are able
to complement each other and work as a team, planning out strategies and
anticipating each other’s movements, they can really bring the best out of
every game. However, when one player is off their game for that day, it can
affect both teammates. Cooperation is extremely important in dual sports,
and it’s essential to get along with your teammate before trying to compete.
Examples of some of the most popular dual sports
include:
• Chess
• Table tennis
• Tennis
• Badminton
• Racquetball
• Fencing
• Beach volleyball
What Are Team Sports?
As the name suggests, team sports involve a
larger group of people working together and
competing against another large group (or
several). Often the most popular sports to play and
the most entertaining to watch, team sports such
as football, basketball and baseball have large fan
bases that cheer on their favorite squads.
The main benefit of team sports is teamwork. Working together
encourages communication, problem-solving and putting aside
your differences to reach the common goal, which is to win. A
good team can motivate all its members and hold them
accountable. However, if this backfires, it can show as a major
disadvantage. When members of the team don’t get along, it
can affect their overall performance. If one person isn’t bringing
their A-game, it may demotivate the rest. Large teams also
often need the oversight of a coach in order to perform their
best together. If a coach is good at their job, they’ll bring out
the best in the teammates. However, if they’re ineffective, they
can bring the whole team down.
Examples of some of the most popular team sports
include:
• Basketball
• Football
• Baseball
• Handball
• Hockey
• Volleyball
• Soccer
• Cricket…
 WAYS TO AVOID SPORTS INJURIES

For all sports, achieving personal goals and

claiming sweet victory requires training hard
and playing even harder. But when athletes
push themselves too hard, they risk injury that
can make them unable to play the game they
love. That's why sports safety is so important.
 WAYS TO AVOID SPORTS INJURIES
Below are sports safety tips, to prevent sports injuries:
• WARM UP BEFORE WORKING OUT.
• Wear safety Equipment
• COOL DOWN AND STRETCH AFTER EXERCISING
• Stay hydrated
• Don’t eat to much before the game
• Get enough rest
• GOOD WEATHER CONDITION
 Benefits Of Sports In Daily Life

The benefits of sports in day-to-day life are amazing. Many people

are starting to be concerned about their health and one way that
they do is engage themselves in different sports activities. If you
want to have a healthy body you should start by picking the right
kinds of food to eat and of course it will be more effective if you
will exercise too. However, many people specially the older or
more matured ones are too lazy to go to the gym to exercise. One
good form of exercise that will be more enjoyable and fun is by
having a sport.
 \

Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Stress Buster:-
A healthy mind in a healthy
body might be a clichéd adage,
but it is so because it is true. It is
no surprise that since most sports
usually involve exercise.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Health:-
Regularly indulging in sports helps in
keeping the immune system strong, and
hence, helps in preventing any kind of
disease from occurring. It also increases
the appetite of the person.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Many diseases and

disorders can be prevented
through a variety of means.
These include proper
nutrition and adequate
exercise.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Self-confidence :
When something is improving
your health, making you
physically fitter, earning you
respect among people and
generally making you feel better
about yourself, it is safe to say
that such a thing does a whole
world.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Decision-making :
In sports, a person has to
make quick decisions
depending upon the situation
that he is in. Thus, a person
who is involved in sports is
able to make wise and quick
decisions in other areas of life
as well.
 Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Teamwork :
Many popular sports like Cricket,
Kabaddi, soccer, basketball, volleyball,
Hockey, etc., are played in teams. This
inculcates values and skills like
leadership, communication, and
sacrifice. Not only does this benefit the
person but also helps in developing a
better Teamwork.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Builds Character :
All sports have an outcome. One entity
wins, and the other loses. Winning and
losing is a part of life. Sports inculcates this
lesson in people. Some people glide along
as long as there are no hardships in life.
Benefits of Sports in Daily Life:

Source of Entertainment :
Sport is a major source of entertainment
with spectator sports drawing large crowds
and reaching wider audiences through
sports broadcasting.
https://www.reference.com/world-view/difference-
between-individual-dual-sports-80a64f7a9378aa03