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Psychology lecture 9

The document discusses the definition and components of emotions, which include subjective experiences, physiological responses, and behavioral responses. It categorizes emotions into basic and complex types, outlines various theories of emotion such as the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories, and highlights the significance of personal stimuli in emotional responses. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of expressing emotions for better health and understanding the psychological and biological reactions involved.

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6 views23 pages

Psychology lecture 9

The document discusses the definition and components of emotions, which include subjective experiences, physiological responses, and behavioral responses. It categorizes emotions into basic and complex types, outlines various theories of emotion such as the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories, and highlights the significance of personal stimuli in emotional responses. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of expressing emotions for better health and understanding the psychological and biological reactions involved.

Uploaded by

tttyyyuuu7997
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Motivation

Eman Basher
Psychology

Emotions
Definition:
An emotion is a complex reaction
pattern, involving experiential,
behavioral and physiological
elements
Emotions are how
individuals deal with
matters or situations they
find personally significant
The Process of emotion:
Emotions are made up of
three parts:
subjective experiences,
physiological responses
and
behavioral responses.
subjective experiences:
• All emotions begin with a
subjective experience(stimulus)
• Subjective experiences are
different from person to person.
• We can react emotionally in a
different way to one exact
experience.
Physiological Responses:
• The autonomic nervous system
controls our involuntary bodily
responses and regulates our
fight- or-flight response.
• Physiological responses make
humans survive
The behavioral responses :
• The behavioral response aspect of
the emotional response is the actual
expression of the emotion
• a smile,
• a grimace,
• a laugh
• a sigh
• reactions depending on societal
norms and personality
• many facial expressions are
universal
• sociocultural norms and individual
upbringings play a role in our
behavioral responses
• expressing behavioral responses to
stimuli, both positive and negative,
is better for our overall health than
holding those responses inside
Basic and Complex Emotions
In emotional psychology, emotions are split into
two groups: basic and complex.
• Basic emotions are associated with
recognizable facial expressions and tend to
happen automatically
• List of the Six Basic Emotions
• Sadness
• Happiness
• Fear
• Anger
• Surprise
Complex emotions are any emotion that is an
aggregate of two or more others
• They have differing appearances and may not be as
easily recognizable, such as grief, jealousy or
regret.
• They are seen more often in adults than children
Basic +basic = complex;
Complex + complex = complex
Basic + complex = complex
Examples:
joy + surprise = delight
fear + disgust = shame
Surprise + sadness = disappointment
Theories of Emotion:
1. James-Lange Theory (William James and Carl Lange in the 19th
century)
physiological stimuli (arousal) causes the autonomic nervous system to
react which in turn causes individuals to experience emotion
2. Facial-Feedback Theory (Charles Darwin and William James)
facial expressions impact emotion as opposed to their being a response
to an emotion. When someone forced himself or herself to smile, they
would be happier than someone who wore a frown.
3. Cannon-Bard Theory (Developed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in
the 1920s)
This theory was developed to refute the James-Lange theory.
3. Cannon-Bard Theory (Developed by Walter Cannon and
Philip Bard in the 1920s)
• This theory was developed to refute the James-Lange
theory.
• This theory suggests that bodily changes and emotions
occur simultaneously instead of one right after the other.
• It is backed by neurobiological science that says that the
once a stimulating event is detected, the information is
relayed to both the amygdala and the brain cortex at the
same time
4. Schachter-Singer Theory (Stanley Schachter and Jerome E.
Singer)
This theory hypothesizes that when we experience an event that
causes physiological arousal, we try to find a reason for the
arousal. Then, we experience the emotion
5. Cognitive Appraisal Theory (Richard Lazarus )
A person would first experience a stimulus, think, and then
simultaneously experience a physiological response and the
emotion
_________________________________________

What all theories of emotion have in common is the idea that an


emotion is based off some sort of personally significant stimulus or
experience, prompting a biological and psychological reaction

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