PM SHRI SCHOOL JNV SRIBHUMI

CLASS X SCIENCE (086) Total Marks : 122

How do Organisms Reproduce

* Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options [103]
given for each of the questions

1. The number of chromosomes in parents and offsprings of a particular

species remains constant due to:
a. Doubling of chromosomes after zygote formation.
b. Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation.
c. Doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation.
d. Halving of chromosomes after gamete formation.
Ans. :
b. Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation.
SH
Explanation: During gamete formation, number of chromosomes becomes half.

Due to this, number of chromosomes in zygote becomes same as in somatic cell of

YA
the organism. This ensures constant number of chromosomes in a particular species.

2. Which among the following statements are true for unisexual

SIR

flowers?
i. They possess both stamen and pistil.
AR

ii. They possess either stamen or pistil.

iii. They exhibit cross pollination.
ST

iv. Unisexual flowers possessing only stamens cannot produce

fruits.
a. (i) and (iv)
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (i), (iii) and (iv)
Ans. :
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: Since a unisexual flower has either stamen or pistil, hence cross
pollination is necessary in them. Fruit is a mature ovary and hence a flower

possessing only stamens cannot produce fruit.

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3. During adolescence, several changes occur in the human body. Mark
one change associated with sexual maturation in boys:
a. Loss of milk teeth.
b. Increase in height.
c. Cracking of voice.
d. Weight gain.
Ans. :
c. Cracking of voice.
Explanation: Cracking of voice is one of the secondary sexual characters of human
males.

4. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes (germ
cells) are:
a. Stamen and anther.
b. Filament and stigma.
c. Anther and ovary.
SH
d. Stamen and style.
YA

Ans. :
c.
SIR

Anther and ovary.

Explanation: Anther produce pollen through microsporogenesis and ovary produce
egg cell by megasporogenesis.
AR

5. In Rhizopus, tubular thread-like structures bearing sporangia at their

ST

tips are called:

a. Filaments.
b. Hyphae.
c. Rhizoids.
d. Roots.
Ans. :
b. Hyphae.
Explanation: Thin branched filaments of fungi are called as hyphae.

6. In human males, the testes lie in the scrotum, because it helps in

the:
a. Process of mating.
b. Formation of sperm.
c. Easy transfer of gametes.

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 d. All the above.
Ans. :
b. Formation of sperm.
Explanation: Scrotum provides lower temperature needed for sperm formation.

7. Offspring formed as a result of sexual reproduction exhibit more

variations because:
a. Sexual reproduction is a lengthy process.
b. Genetic material comes from two parents of the same
species.
c. Genetic material comes from two parents of different species.
d. Genetic material comes from many parents.
Ans. :
b. Genetic material comes from two parents of the same species.
Explanation: Sexual reproduction produces genetic variations by meiosis during
SH
gamete formation and fertilization of male and female gametes.

8. Which of the following statements are true for flowers?

YA

i. Flowers are always bisexual.

SIR

ii. They are the sexual reproductive organs.

iii. They are produced in all groups of plants.
iv. After fertilisation they give rise to fruits.
AR

a. (i) and (iv)

b. (ii) and (iii)
ST

c. (i) and (iii)

d. (ii) and (iv)
Ans. :
d. (ii) and (iv)
Explanation: Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of a plant and a fertilized

flower give rise to fruit.

9. In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by:

a. Breaking up of filaments into smaller bits.
b. Division of a cell into two cells.
c. Division of a cell into many cells.
d. Formation of young cells from older cells.
Ans. :

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 a. Breaking up of filaments into smaller bits.
​E xplanation: Spirogyra shows reproduction by fragmentation.

10. In the list of organisms given below, those that reproduce by the
asexual method are:
i. Banana.
ii. Dog.
iii. Yeast.
iv. Amoeba.
a. (ii) and (iv)
b. (i), (iii) and (iv)
c. (i) and (iv)
d. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Ans. :
b. (i), (iii) and (iv)
SH
​E xplanation: Dog never reproduces asexually. Yeast and amoeba always reproduce
asexually. Cultivated varieties of banana always reproduce asexually.
YA
11. Length of pollen tube depends on the distance between:
a.
SIR

Pollen grain and upper surface of stigma.

b. Pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule.
c. Pollen grain in anther and upper surface of stigma.
AR

d. Upper surface of stigma and lower part of style.

Ans. :
ST

d. Upper surface of stigma and lower part of style.

​E xplanation: To ensure pollination. Pollens should be able to reach the upper

surface of stigma. This can be ensured by suitable length of pollen tube.

12. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events of sexual

reproduction in a flower?
a. Pollination, fertilisation, seedling, embryo.
b. Seedling, embryo, fertilisation, pollination.
c. Pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seedling.
d. Embryo, seedling, pollination, fertilisation.
Ans. :
c. Pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seedling.

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 Explanation: Fertilisation cannot happen without pollination. Embryo is formed after
fertilization and seedling comes out of embryo.

13. Characters transmitted from parents to offspring are present in:

a. Cytoplasm.
b. Ribosome.
c. Golgi bodies.
d. Genes.
Ans. :
d. Genes.
Explanation: Genes are the stretch of DNA and determine genetic characters.

14. Which among the following diseases is not sexually transmitted?

a. Syphillis.
b. Hepatitis.
c. HIV - AIDS.
d. Gonorrhoea.
SH
Ans. :
YA

b. Hepatitis.
SIR

Explanation: Hepatitis is water borne viral disease.

15. Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to:

a.
AR

Keep the individual organism alive.

b. Fulfill their energy requirement.
ST

c. Maintain growth.
d. Continue the species generation after generation.
Ans. :
d. Continue the species generation after generation.
Explanation: Other life processes are essential for keeping the organism alive.

Reproduction is essential to continue the lineage of an organism.

16. In human females, an event that reflects onset of reproductive phase

is:
a. Growth of body.
b. Changes in hair pattern.
c. Change in voice.
d. Menstruation.
Ans. :

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 d. Menstruation.
Explanation: Other changes; as shown in options happen in boys also.

17. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants

is:
a. Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling.
b. Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling.
c. Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes.
d. Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling.
Ans. :
a. Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling.
Explanation: Gametes fuse during fertilization of form zygote. Zygote develops into
embryo. Embryo produces seedling after germination of seed.

18. Offspring formed by asexual method of reproduction have greater

similarity among themselves because:
i.
SH
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.
ii. Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes.
YA

iii. Asexual reproduction occurs before sexual reproduction.

iv.
SIR

Asexual reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction.

a. (i) and (ii)
b. (i) and (iii)
AR

c. (ii) and (iv)

d. (iii) and (iv)
ST

Ans. :
a. (i) and (ii)
​E xplanation: Asexual reproduction does not involve gamete formation and

fertilization.

19. The ability of a cell to divide into several cells during reproduction in
Plasmodium is called:
a. Budding.
b. Reduction division.
c. Binary fission.
d. Multiple fission.
Ans. :
d. Multiple fission.

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 Explanation: Multiple fission is repeated division of organism to produce many

daughter cells simultaneously.

20. A feature of reproduction that is common to Amoeba, Spirogyra and

Yeast is that:
a. They reproduce asexually.
b. They are all unicellular.
c. They reproduce only sexually.
d. They are all multicellular.
Ans. :
a. They reproduce asexually.
Explanation: All of them reproduce asexually.

21. Vegetative propagation refers to formation of new plants from:

a. Stem, roots and flowers.
b. Stem, roots and leaves.
c. Stem, flowers and fruits.
SH
d. Stem, leaves and flowers.
YA

Ans. :
SIR

b. Stem, roots and leaves.

Explanation: Vegetative propagation happens from vegetative parts of a plant.
Stem root and leaves are vegetative parts.
AR

22. The correct sequence of organs in the male reproductive system for
ST

transport of sperms is:

a. Testis → vasdeferens → urethra.
b. Testis → ureter → urethra.
c. Testis → urethra → ureter.
d. Testis → vasdeferens → ureter.
Ans. :
a. Testis → vasdeferens → urethra.
Explanation: Vas deferens delivers sperms from testes to urethra coming from the
urinary bladder.

23. In Figure, the parts A, B and C are sequentially:

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 a. Cotyledon, plumule and radicle.
b. Plumule, radicle and cotyledon.
c. Plumule, cotyledon and radicle.
d. Radicle, cotyledon and plumule.
Ans. :
c. Plumule, cotyledon and radicle.
Explanation:

SH
24. Factors responsible for the rapid spread of bread mould on slices of
YA

bread are:
SIR

i. Large number of spores.

ii. Availability of moisture and nutrients in bread.
iii. Presence of tubular branched hyphae.
AR

iv. Formation of round shaped sporangia.

a.
ST

(i) and (iii)

b. (ii) and (iv)
c. (i) and (ii)
d. (iii) and (iv)
Ans. :
c. (i) and (ii)
Explanation: Bread mold prefers damp and warm substratum with ample supply of

nutrients on which its air-borne spores land and germinate to produce mycelium.

25. Which among the following is not the function of testes at puberty?
i. Formation of germ cells.
ii. Secretion of testosterone.
iii. Development of placenta.
iv. Secretion of estrogen.

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 a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (i) and (iv)
Ans. :
c. (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: These events take place in females and not in males. Testes are

present in males.

26. Which among the following statements are true for sexual
reproduction in flowering plants?
i. It requires two types of gametes.
ii. Fertilisation is a compulsory event.
iii. It always results in formation of zygote.
iv. Offspring formed are clones.
a. (i) and (iv)
SH
b. (i), (ii) and (iv)
YA
c. (i), (ii) and (iii)
d. (i), (ii) and (iv)
SIR

Ans. :
d. (i), (ii) and (iv)
AR

Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves fertilization of male and female gamete

to produce zygote having genetic variations.

ST

27. Characters that are transmitted from parents to offspring during

reproduction show:
a. Only similarities with parents.
b. Only variations with parents.
c. Both similarities and variations with parents.
d. Neither similarities nor variations.
Ans. :
c. Both similarities and variations with parents.
​E xplanation: A child shows certain similarities and certain variations in characters

from parents. This shows characters in a child can be both similar as well as different
than parents.

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28. The number of chromosomes in parents and offsprings of a particular
species remains constant due to:
a. Doubling of chromosomes after zygote formation.
b. Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation.
c. Doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation.
d. Halving of chromosomes after gamete formation.
Ans. :
d. Halving of chromosomes after gamete formation.
Explanation:

The gametes have half the number of chromosomes. After their fusion, the zygote
thus formed has a full set of chromosomes. Therefore, the numbers of chromosomes
in parents and offsprings of a particular species remain constant.

29. The characteristics transmitted from parents to offspring are present

in:
a. Cytoplasm.
SH
b. Ribosome.
YA
c. Golgi bodies.
d. Genes.
SIR

Ans. :
d. Genes.
AR

Explanation:
Genes carry the genetic information and are responsible for the transmission of
ST

characteristics from parents to offspring.

30. In asexual reproduction, two offsprings having the same genetic

material and the same body features are called:
a. Callus.
b. Twins.
c. Clones.
d. Chromosomes.
Ans. :
c. Clones.
Explanation:
The genetically identical offsprings formed by asexual reproduction are called

clones.

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31. The figure given alongside shows the human male reproductive
organs. Which structures make sperms and seminal fluid?
a. V makes sperms and X makes seminal fluid.
b. W makes sperms and Y makes seminal fluid.
c. X makes sperms and W makes seminal fluid.
d. Y makes sperms and V makes seminal fluid.
Ans. :
d. Y makes sperms and V makes seminal fluid.
Explanation:
Y represents the testes that produce sperms and V represents the prostrate gland

that produces seminal fluid.

32. The part of a seed which grows and develops into root on
germination is:
a. Cotyledon.
b. Plumule.
SH
c. Follicle.
YA
d. Radicle.
Ans. :
SIR

d. Radicle.
Explanation:
AR

The radicle of a seed forms the root after germination.

ST

33. The cut part of a plant stem (without roots) which is used in grafting
is called:
a. Stock.
b. Stump.
c. Scion.
d. Graft.
Ans. :
c. Scion.
Explanation:

Scion is the upper part of the graft, which does not have roots.

34. Which of the following statements are true for flowers?

i. Flowers are always bisexual.
ii. They contain sexual reproductive organs.

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 iii. They are produced in all groups of plants.
iv. After fertilisation they give rise to fruits.
a. (i) and (iv).
b. (ii) and (iii).
c. (i) and (iii).
d. (ii) and (iv)
Ans. :
d. (ii) and (iv)
Explanation:

Plants have sexual reproductive organs such as stamen and pistil. A fruit is formed
after fertilisation in plants.

35. The factors responsible for the rapid spreading of bread mould on
slices of bread are:
i. Presence of large number of spores in air.
ii.
SH
Presence of large number of thread-like branched hyphae.
iii. Presence of moisture and nutrients.
YA
iv. Formation of round shaped sporangia.
a. (i) and (iii).
SIR

b. (ii) and (iv).

c. (i) and (ii).
AR

d. (iii) and (iv).

Ans. :
ST

a. (i) and (iii).

Explanation:

The factors responsible for the rapid spreading of bread mould on slices of bread are

the presence of a large number spores in air and the presence of moisture
and nutrients in bread that act as food for the fungi.

36. A tiny animal having tentacles which reproduces by growing buds on

the sides of its body is:
a. Planaria.
b. Yeast.
c. Amoeba.
d. Hydra.
Ans. :
d. Hydra.

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 Explanation:

Hydra is a tiny animal that has tentacles on one end, and reproduces by the method
of budding.

37. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by binary fission.
This is:
a. Amoeba.
b. Plasmodium.
c. Leishmania.
d. Paramecium.
Ans. :
b. Plasmodium.
Explanation:
It reproduces by multiple fission.

38. The protozoan having a flagellum at its one end is:

a. Amoeba.
SH
b. Paramecium.
YA

c. Hydra.
d.
SIR

Leishmania.
Ans. :
d. Leishmania.
AR

Explanation:
ST

Leishmania is the protozoan that has flagellum at its one end.

39. In Rhizopus fungus, the fine thread-like structures spread on the

whole surface of slice of bread are called:
a. Rhizoids.
b. Stems.
c. Roots.
d. Hyphae.
Ans. :
d. Hyphae.
Explanation:

Hyphae are the fine thread-like structures of the fungi that are spread on the whole
surface of a slice of bread.

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40. One of the following is not a part of the human male reproductive
system. This is:
a. Testis.
b. Oviduct.
c. Seminal vesicle.
d. Prostrate gland.
Ans. :
b. Oviduct.
Explanation:

The oviduct is a part of the female reproductive system in humans.

41. Characters that are transmitted from parents to offspring during

sexual reproduction show:
a. Only similarities with parents.
b. Only variations with parents.
c.
SH
Both similarities and variations with parents.
d. Neither similarities nor variations with parents.
YA

Ans. :
c.
SIR

Both similarities and variations with parents.

Explanation:

Offsprings produced by sexual reproduction show similarities as well as variations

AR

with parents.
ST

42. The two organisms which can regenerate fully from their cut body
parts are:
a. Paramecium and Hydra.
b. Hydra and Amoeba.
c. Planaria and Leishmania.
d. Hydra and Planaria.
Ans. :
d. Hydra and Planaria.
Explanation:
Hydra and Planaria reproduce through regeneration. They can regenerate fully from

their cut body parts.

43. During adolescence, several changes occur in the human body. Mark
one change from the following associated with sexual maturation in

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 boys:
a. Loss of milk teeth.
b. Increase in height.
c. Cracking of voice.
d. Weight gain.
Ans. :
c. Cracking of voice.
Explanation:

Cracking of voice in males is brought about by the male hormone testosterone,

which is produced after sexual maturation.

44. In human females, an event that indicates the onset of reproductive

phase is:
a. Growth of body.
b. Change in hair pattern.
c. Change in voice.
SH
d. Menstruation.
YA
Ans. :
d. Menstruation.
SIR

Explanation:
when a female starts to menstruate, it indicates that she is sexually mature and can
AR

start her reproductive life.

45. The two types of organisms which produce colonies by the process of
ST

budding are:
a. Hydra and Corals.
b. Yeast and Sponges.
c. Corals and Sponges.
d. Hydra and Yeast.
Ans. :
c. Corals and Sponges.
Explanation:

In corals and sponges, the buds remain attached to their parents permanently, and

form colonies.

46. One of the following reproduces by forming spores. This in:

a. Fern.

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 b. Planaria.
c. Spirogyra.
d. Potato.
Ans. :
a. Fern.
Explanation:
Fern is a non-flowering plant which reproduces by forming spores.

47. Which of the following statements are true for sexual reproduction in
flowering plants?
i. It requires two types of gametes.
ii. Fertilisation is a compulsory event.
iii. It always results in the formation of zygote.
iv. Offsprings formed are clones.
a. (i) and (iv).
b. (i), (ii) and (iv).
SH
c. (i), (ii) and (iii).
YA
d. (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Ans. :
SIR

c. (i), (ii) and (iii).

Explanation:
AR

Sexual reproduction in flowers requires two types of gametes, namely pollen grains

and ovules. The fusion of the gametes results in the formation of the zygote. This
ST

process is termed as fertilisation.

48. A feature of reproduction that is common to Amoeba, Yeast and

Bacterium is that:
a. They are all multicellular.
b. They are all unicellular.
c. They reproduce only sexually.
d. They reproduce asexually.
Ans. :
d. They reproduce asexually.
Explanation:
Amoeba, yeast and bacterium are unicellular organism that reproduce asexually.

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49. The method of asexual reproduction in plants in which callus is
produced is:
a. Micropropagation.
b. Vegetative propagation.
c. Regeneration.
d. Fragmentation.
Ans. :
a. Micropropagation.
Explanation:

Micropropagation is a tissue culture method of asexual reproduction in plants, which

forms callus.

50. One of the following process does not lead to the formation of
clones. This is:
a. Fission.
b. Fertilisation.
SH
c. Fragmentation.
YA
d. Tissue culture.
Ans. :
SIR

b. Fertilisation.
Explanation:
AR

Fertilisation is the fusion of two gametes in a sexual reproduction. It produces

genetically different off springs and does not lead to the formation of clones.
ST

51. Binary fission describes the type of reproduction where the organism
divides to form:
a. Many spores.
b. Two daughters.
c. Many buds.
d. Two hyphae.
Ans. :
b. Two daughters.
Explanation:

In binary fission, a single-celled organism divides into two daughter cells that are

identical to their parent.

52. Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?

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 a. Gonorrhoea.
b. Hepatitis.
c. Syphilis.
d. AIDS.
Ans. :
b. Hepatitis.
Explanation:

Hepatitis is not a sexually transmitted disease.

53. One of the following occurs in the reproductive system of flowering

plants as well as that of humans. This is:
a. Vas deferens.
b. Anther.
c. Ovary.
d. Style.
Ans. :
SH
c. Ovary.
YA
Explanation:
SIR

The ovary of a flower has ovules and the ovary of a human female has eggs.

54. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes are
respectively:
AR

a. Sepal and anther.

b. Filament and stigma.
ST

c. Anther and ovary.

d. Stamen and style.
Ans. :
c. Anther and ovary.
Explanation:

The anther produces pollen grains which are male gametes and the ovary produces
ovules which are female gametes.

55. The micro-organism which reproduces by multiple fission is the one

which causes the disease known as:
a. Kala-azar.
b. Marasmus.
c. Malaria.

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 d. Amoebiasis.
Ans. :
c. Malaria.
Explanation:

Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission and causes malaria.

56. The offsprings formed by asexual reproduction method have greater

similarity among themselves because:
i. Aexual reproduction involves only one parent.
ii. Aexual reproduction involves two parents.
iii. Aexual reproduction involves gametes.
iv. Axual reproduction does not involve gametes.
a. (i) and (ii).
b. (i) and (iii).
c. (ii) and (iv).
d. (i) and (iv).
SH
Ans. :
YA
d. (i) and (iv).
SIR

Explanation:
The offsprings formed by the method of asexual reproduction have greater similarity

among themselves. This is because asexual reproduction involves only one parent
AR

and does not require gametes.

57. The normal body cell of an organism contains 28 pairs of

ST

chromosomes. The number of chromosomes present in its germ cell

will be:
a. 28.
b. 14.
c. 56.
d. 42.
Ans. :
b. 14.
Explanation:
A germ cell has 14 pairs of chromosomes i.e. half the number of chromosomes

present in the normal body cell of an organism.

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58. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events of sexual
reproduction in a flower?
a. Pollination, fertilisation, seed, embryo.
b. Seed, embryo, fertilisation, pollination.
c. Pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seed.
d. Embryo, seed, pollination, fertilisation.
Ans. :
c. Pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seed.
Explanation:
The pollens are transferred to the stigma by pollination, the gametes then fuse and

undergo fertilisation to form the zygote which develops into an embryo and, then,

into a seed.

59. Which among the following statements are true for unisexual
flowers?
i.
SH
They possess both stamen and pistil.
ii. They possess either stamen or pistil.
YA
iii. They exhibit cross pollination.
iv. Unisexual flower possessing only stamens cannot produce
SIR

fruits.
a. (i) and (iv).
AR

b. (ii), (iii) and (iv).

c. (ii) and (iii).
ST

d. (i), (iii) and (iv).

Ans. :
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Explanation:
Unisexual flowers have either male or female sexual organ. Therefore, they cannot

self-pollinate and, thus, show cross pollination. The ovary of the female organ

develops into a fruit after fertilisation, therefore flowers having stamens cannot

produce fruits.

60. The disease kala-azar is caused by a micro-organism known as:

a. Planaria.
b. Leech.
c. Leishmania.
d. Plasmodium.

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 Ans. :
c. Leishmania.
Explanation:

It is a protozoan which causes kala-azar.

61. One of the following is a surgical method which prevents the sperms
from reaching the ovum and pregnancy does not occur. This method
is:
a. IUCD.
b. Vasectomy.
c. Condom.
d. Tubectomy.
Ans. :
b. Vasectomy.
Explanation:
SH
Vasectomy is a surgical method of contraception that stops the sperms from

reaching the ovum and thus, prevents pregnancy.

YA
62. An organism which may be considered to be a kind of plant and
SIR

reproduces by budding is:

a. Paramecium.
b. Bread mould.
AR

c. Hydra.
d. Yeast.
ST

Ans. :
d. Yeast.
Explanation:

Yeast is a fungus and is considered as a non green plant. It reproduces by budding.

63. Asexual reproduction through budding takes place in:

i. Amoeba and Yeast.
ii. Yeast and Hydra.
iii. Hydra and Plasmodium.
iv. Corals and Sponges.
a. (i) and (ii).
b. only (ii).
c. (i) and (iii).

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 d. (ii) and (iv).
Ans. :
d. (ii) and (iv).
Explanation:

Yeast, Hydra, corals and sponges reproduce by budding.

64. Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to:

a. Keep the individual organ alive.
b. Fulfil their energy requirements.
c. Maintain growth.
d. Continue the species for ever.
Ans. :
d. Continue the species for ever.
Explanation:

Reproduction provides the means of producing new offsprings, so that a species can
SH
continue surviving on earth forever.

65. The length of pollen tube depends on the distance between:

YA

a. Pollen grain and upper surface of stigma.

SIR

b. Pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule.

c. Pollen grain in anther and upper surface of stigma.
d. Upper surface of stigma and lower part of style.
AR

Ans. :
ST

b. Pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule.

Explanation:

Pollen grains land on the surface of the stigma. Hence, the pollen tube is formed so

that the pollens can reach the ovules present in the ovary.

66. In the list of organisms given below, those which reproduce by the
asexual method are:
i. Banana.
ii. Yak.
iii. Yeast.
iv. Amoeba.
a. (ii) and (iv).
b. (i), (iii) and (iv).
c. (i) and (iv).

Page 22
 d. (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Ans. :
b. (i), (iii) and (iv).
Explanation:

Banana, yeast and Amoeba reproduce asexually. Banana reproduces by vegetative

propagation, yeast propagates by the method of budding and Amoeba propagates

by binary fission.

67. In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by:

a. Division of a cell into two cells.
b. Breaking up of filaments into smaller bits.
c. Division of a cell into many cells.
d. Formation of a large number of buds.
Ans. :
b. Breaking up of filaments into smaller bits.
Explanation:
SH
In Spirogyra, reproduction takes place by fragmentation that involves breaking down
YA
the filaments into smaller bits.
SIR

68. The organisms which can reproduce by fragmentation are:

a. Corals and Sponges.
b. Corals and Spirogyra.
AR

c. Sea anemone and Spirogyra.

d. Sponges and Sea anemones.
ST

Ans. :
c. Sea anemone and Spirogyra.
Explanation:
They reproduce asexually by the method of fragmentation.

69. In the figure given alongside, the parts marked A, B and C are
sequentially:
a. Cotyledon, plumule and radicle.
b. Plumule, radicle and cotyledon.
c. Plumule, cotyledon and radicle.
d. Radicle, cotyledon and plumule.
Ans. :
b. Plumule, cotyledon and radicle.

Page 23
 Explanation:

A represents the plumule which forms the shoot. B represents the cotyledon and C

represents the radicle which forms the roots.

70. The cut part of plant stem (having roots and fixed to ground) which is
used in the process of grafting is known as:
a. Stock.
b. Scion.
c. Cutting.
d. Bud.
Ans. :
a. Stock.
Explanation:

Stock is the lower part of the graft, which is fixed to the ground and has roots.

71. A Planaria worm is cut horizontally in the middle into two halves P
SH
and Q such that the part P contains the whole head of the worm.
Another Planaria worm is cut vertically into two halves R and S in
YA

such a way that both the cut pieces R and S contain half head each.
SIR

Which of the cut pieces of the two Planaria worms could regenerate
to form the complete respective worms?
a. Only P.
AR

b. Only R and S.
c. P, R and S.
ST

d. P, Q, R and S.
Ans. :
d. P, Q, R and S.
Explanation:
In Planaria, each body piece can regenerate into a full, new organism.

72. A multicellular organism which reproduces by budding is:

a. Amoeba.
b. Yeast.
c. Leishmania.
d. Hydra.
Ans. :
d. Hydra.
 Explanation:

Hydra is a multicellular organism. It reproduces by budding.

73. The male gametes in a flower and in a human are produced

respectively in:
a. Stigma and ovary.
b. Anther and style.
c. Ovary and testes.
d. Anther and testes.
Ans. :
d. Anther and testes.
Explanation:

In flowers, the anther produces pollen grains. In humans, the testes produces

sperms.

74. Fertilisation results immediately in the formation of:

a. A zygote.
SH
b. An embryo.
YA

c. A placenta.
d.
SIR

A foetus.
Ans. :
a. A zygote.
AR

Explanation:
ST

A zygote is formed by the fertilisation of the egg and a sperm cell.

75. Stock and scion are involved in the artificial propagation method
known as:
a. Tissue culture.
b. Layering.
c. Grafting.
d. Cuttings.
Ans. :
c. Grafting.
Explanation:

Stock and scion are the two parts of a graft.

76. An organism having a whip-like structure at one end which

reproduces by the process of binary fission is:
 a. Hydra.
b. Paramecium.
c. Leishmania.
d. Plasmodium.
Ans. :
c. Leishmania.
Explanation:

Leishmania, which has a flagellum or whip-like structure at one end, reproduces by

binary fission.

77. Multiple fission occurs in one of the following. This is:

a. Bread mould.
b. Kala-azar parasite.
c. Flatworm.
d. Malaria parasite.
Ans. :
SH
d. Malaria parasite.
YA
Explanation:
SIR

Plasmodium, which causes malaria, reproduces by ​multiple fission.

78. In human males, the testes lie in the scrotum outside the body
because it helps in the:
AR

a. Process of mating.
b. Formation of sperms.
ST

c. Easy transfer of sperms.

d. All the above.
Ans. :
b. Formation of sperms.
Explanation:
The testes lie outside the body in the scrotum because sperm production requires

low temperature, which is provided by the scrotum.

79. Which among the following are not the functions of testes at
puberty?
i. Formation of germ cells.
ii. Secretion of testosterone.
iii. Development of placenta.
 iv. Secretion of estrogen.
a. (i) and (ii).
b. (i) and (iii).
c. (ii) and (iv).
d. (iii) and (iv).
Ans. :
d. (iii) and (iv).
Explanation:

The development of the placenta and the secretion of oestrogen is done by human

female body organs.

80. AIDS is a deadly disease which is caused by:

a. A protozoan.
b. A fungus.
c. A bacterium.
d. A virus.
SH
Ans. :
YA
d. A virus.
SIR

Explanation:

AIDS is caused by HIV.

81. Vegetative propagation refers to the formation of new plants from

AR

the following existing organs of the old plants:

a. Stems, roots and flowers.
ST

b. Stems, roots and leaves.

c. Stems, flowers and fruits.
d. Stems, leaves and flowers.
Ans. :
b. Stems, roots and leaves.
Explanation:

Plants can reproduce through their stems (like grass), roots (like guava) and leaves

(like Bryophyllum).

82. Which of the following method of contraception protects a person

from acquiring a sexually transmitted disease?
a. Oral pills.
b. Condom.
 c. Copper-T.
d. Surgery.
Ans. :
b. Condom.
Explanation:

Condom acts as a physical barrier during intercourse and protects a person from

acquiring any sexually transmitted disease.

83. The correct sequence of organs in the male reproductive system for
the transport of sperms is:
a. Testis → vas deferens → urethra.
b. Testis → ureter → urethra.
c. Testis → urethra → ureter.
d. Testis → vas deferens → ureter.
Ans. :
a. Testis → vas deferens → urethra.
SH
Explanation:
YA
Sperms are produced in the testis and then carried away by the vas deferens to the
SIR

urethra.

84. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by budding. This
is:
AR

a. Sponge.
b. Yeast.
ST

c. Hydra.
d. Planaria.
Ans. :
d. Planaria.
Explanation:

It reproduces by regeneration.

85. The ratio of number of chromosomes in a human zygote and a

human sperm is:
a. 2 : 1.
b. 3 : 1.
c. 1 : 2.
d. 1 : 3.
 Ans. :
a. 2 : 1.
Explanation:

The number of chromosomes in a human sperm is half the number of chromosomes

in a zygote, i.e., their ratio is 2 : 1.

86. An alga which reproduces by the asexual reproduction method called

fragmentation is:
a. Rhizopus.
b. Salmonella.
c. Plasmodium.
d. Spirogyra.
Ans. :
d. Spirogyra.
Explanation:
SH
It reproduces by the method of fragmentation in which the filament is broken down

into small pieces.

YA
87. A simple multicellular animal having tentacles which lives in
SIR

freshwater usually reproduces by the asexual process of:

a. Binary fission.
b. Spore formation.
AR

c. Budding.
d. Fragmentation.
ST

Ans. :
c. Budding.
Explanation:

Hydra is a simple multicellular animal that has tentacles and lives in freshwater. It

reproduces by budding.

88. The unicellular organism which reproduces by budding is:

a. Spirogyra.
b. Hydra.
c. Planaria.
d. Yeast.
Ans. :
d. Yeast.
 Explanation:

Yeast is the unicellular organism which reproduces by budding.

89. Asexual reproduction is:

a. A fusion of specialised cells.
b. A method by which all types of organisms reproduce.
c. A method producing genetically identical offspring.
d. A method in which more than one parent are involved.
Ans. :
c. A method producing genetically identical offspring.
Explanation:

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent; therefore, the offsprings are

genetically identical.

90. The advantage that internal fertilisation has over external

fertilisation is that in internal fertilisation:
a.
SH
New off-springs are exactly like the parent.
b. Production of large numbers of gametes is unnecessary.
YA

c. Copulation and fusion of gametes is passive.

d.
SIR

Fewer individuals are produced.

Ans. :
b. Production of large numbers of gametes is unnecessary.
AR

Explanation:
ST

In internal fertilisation, there is no need for the production of a large number of

gametes as it provides a safe environment.

91. The offsprings formed as a result of sexual reproduction exhibit more

variations because:
a. Sexual reproduction is lengthy process.
b. Genetic material comes from two parents of different species.
c. Genetic material comes from two parents of same species.
d. Genetic material comes from many parents.
Ans. :
c. Genetic material comes from two parents of different species.
Explanation:

The sexual reproduction involves two parents of the same species. Thus, both of

them contribute to the genetic material of the offspring and bring about the
 variations.

92. Spore formation is the most common asexual method of

reproduction in:
a. Protozoa.
b. Tubers.
c. Fungi.
d. Algae.
Ans. :
c. Fungi.
Explanation:

Fungi reproduce asexually through the formation of spores.

93. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by fission. This is:
a. Amoeba.
b. Leishmania.
c. Planaria.
SH
d. Plasmodium.
YA

Ans. :
SIR

c. Planaria.
Explanation:

It reproduces by regeneration.
AR

94. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive

ST

system in human beings?

a. Ovary.
b. Uterus.
c. Vas deferens.
d. Oviducts.
Ans. :
c. Vas deferens.
Explanation:

The vas deferens is a part of the male reproductive system in humans.

95. The ability of a cell to divide into several cells during reproduction
in Plasmodium is called:
a. Budding.
b. Fragmentation.
 c. Binary fission.
d. Multiple fission.
Ans. :
d. Multiple fission.
Explanation:
The ability of a cell to divide itself into several cells during reproduction is called

multiple fission.

96. An animal which reproduces by the process of budding is:

a. Plasmodium.
b. yeast.
c. Hydra.
d. Planaria.
Ans. :
c. Hydra.
Explanation:
SH
It is a multicellular organism that reproduces by budding.
YA

97. In which one of the following birth control methods, a small portion
SIR

of oviducts of a woman is removed by surgical operation and the cut

ends are ligated?
a. Copper-T.
AR

b. Tubectomy.
c. Vasectomy.
ST

d. Diaphragm.
Ans. :
b. Tubectomy.
Explanation:

The surgical method of birth control in females is termed as tubectomy.

98. An organism which can reproduce by two asexual reproduction

methods one similar to the reproduction in yeast and the other
similar to the reproduction in Planaria is:
a. Spirogyra.
b. Bryophyllum.
c. Hydra.
d. Sea anemone.
 Ans. :
c. Hydra.
Explanation:

Hydra can reproduce by the method of budding similar to yeast, and also by

regeneration as in the case of Planaria.

99. One of the following does not reproduce by spore formation method.
This is:
a. Rhizopus fungus.
b. Penicillium fungus.
c. Yeast fungus.
d. Mucor fungus.
Ans. :
c. Yeast fungus.
Explanation:

Yeast reproduces by budding.

SH
100. Which one of the following best describes the function of the
YA

umbilical cord? It:

a.
SIR

Feeds the embryo with digested substances.

b. Conveys nutrients and wastes to and from the embryo
respectively.
AR

c. Removes waste matter from the embryo to the mother's

blood.
ST

d. Supplies oxygenated blood from the mother to the embryo.

Ans. :
b. Conveys nutrients and wastes to and from the embryo
respectively.
Explanation:

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products between the embryo and the

mother's body takes place through the umbilical cord.

101. The sexually transmitted disease which is caused by bacteria is:

a. Malaria.
b. Diarrhoea.
c. Gonorrhoea.
d. AIDS.
 Ans. :
c. Gonorrhoea.
Explanation:
Gonorrhoea is caused by bacteria, which spreads through sexual contact.

102. The correct sequence of reproductive stages occurring in flowering

plants is:
a. Gametes, zygote, embryo, seed.
b. Zygote, gametes, embryo, seed.
c. Seed, embryo, zygote, gametes.
d. Gametes, embryo, zygote, seed.
Ans. :
a. Gametes, zygote, embryo, seed.
Explanation:
Gametes of flowers fuse to form a zygote. This zygote develops into an embryo those

later forms the seed.

SH
103. The anther contains:
YA

a. Sepals.
b.
SIR

Ovules.
c. Carpel.
d. Pollen grains.
AR

Ans. :
d.
ST

Pollen grains.
Explanation:
An anther contains male gametes called pollen grains.

* Question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). [19]
Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
104. In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given
by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark
the correct answer as:
 a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the
correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If assertion is false, but Reason is true.
e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion: Menstruation is the regular discharge of blood from the
thick uterine lining. Reason: Menstruation occurs when egg is
fertilized by sperm.
Ans. :
c. If assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Explanation:
The most common cause of discharge after your period is old blood that's still being
SH
expelled from the uterine lining. This can occur within a few days after your normal

flow has already stopped, and tends to be brownish in color.

YA
If the egg is fertilized by a sperm as it travels down the fallopian tube, then

pregnancy occurs. The fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus. The
SIR

placenta then develops. If the egg does not become fertilized, the lining of the uterus
(endometrium) is shed during menstruation.
AR

105. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
ST

questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Stock is the lower part of a plant having the roots.
Reason: In grafting, the stock is placed over the scion.
Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
 Grafting is a method in which the cut stems of two different plants (one with roots

and other without roots) are joined together in such a way that the two stems join
and grow as a single plant. Stock is the lower part of a plant (or tree) having the

roots. Scion is the upper part of a plant which may have leaves on it (but no roots).

106. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Seeds are matured ovules. Reason: The part of seed
SH
which contains stored food for baby plant is called cotyledon.
Ans. :
YA
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
SIR

Explanation:

Ovule is gradually converted into a seed. A seed is the reproductive unit of a plant.
AR

The seed contains a baby plant (or embryo) and food for the baby plant. The part of

baby plant in seed which develops into shoot with leaves is called plumule and the
ST

part which develops into root is called radicle. The part of seed which contains stored

food for the baby plant is called cotyledon.

107. In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given

by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark
the correct answer as:
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the
correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If assertion is false, but Reason is true.
e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
 Assertion: AIDS is an incurable and a fatal bacterial infection.
Reason: It suppresses the immune system of the body.
Ans. :
d. If assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Explanation:

Suppressed Immune System: The immune system can be weakened or suppressed

by certain cancers, UV radiation, special drugs for organ transplants, and the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. When the immune system is not

functioning properly, we are at risk to develop cancer as well as infections.

108. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b.
SH
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
YA
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
SIR

Assertion: Self-pollination occurs when the pollen grains from the

anther of a flower are transferred to the stigma of same flower or
AR

another flower on the same plant. Reason: Insects and wind help in
autogamy.
ST

Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:

Insects help in cross-pollination. When an insect sits on the flower of a plant for

sucking nectar then the pollen grains from anther of the flower stick to its body and

when this insect sits on another flower of similar plant, pollen grains sticking to its
body are transferred to the stigma of another flower. In this way, the insect transfers

the pollen grains from the anther of flower in one plant to the stigma of flower in

another plant and causes cross-pollination. The blowing wind also carries pollen

grains from one flower to another flower and helps in cross pollination.

109. Directions: In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and

Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both the statements
carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
 Assertion(A): Spores are unicellular bodies. Reason (R): The
parent body simply breaks up into smaller pieces on maturation.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
110. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b.
SH
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
YA
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
SIR

Assertion: Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs in a

woman. Reason: The function of ovaries is to make mature female
AR

sex cells and female sex hormones.

Ans. :
ST

a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the

assertion.
Explanation:
Ovaries are small sized, almond - shaped, abdominal in position. These are the

primary sex organs of female. Ovaries forms ova by oogenesis from germ cells of

ovary and secrete female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

111. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
 c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Fusion of gametes gives rise to a single cell called
zygote. Reason: Zygote is a fertilised ovum.
Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:

The fusion of a sperm with an ovum to form a zygote during sexual reproduction is

called fertilisation. The zygote is fertilised ovum or fertilised egg. The zygote grows

and develops to form a new baby.

112. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a.
SH
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
YA
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
SIR

c. A is true but R is false.

d. A is false but R is true.
AR

Assertion: Regeneration is getting a full organism back from its

body parts. Reason: Hydra and Planaria show regeneration.
ST

Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:

Regeneration is the process which involves repair of damaged cells/ tissue or

replacement or redevelopment of broken body part or reconstruction of whole body

from a small body fragment. The simple animals like Hydra and Pianaria show

regeneration. It means if Hydra or Pianaria somehow get cut into a number of pieces,

then each body piece can grow into a complete organism.

113. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
 a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: The testes are present outside the abdominal cavity of
the body. Reason: Sperm formation requires a lower temperature
than the normal body temperature.
Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:

The testes of a man lie in the small muscular pouch called scrotum outside the
SH
abdominal cavity. Being outside the abdominal cavity, the temperature of scrotum is

about 2-3ºC lower than the normal body temperature. It is because the sperm
YA
formation requires a lower temperature than the normal body temperature. So, the

testes provide an optimal temperature for formation of sperms.

SIR

114. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
AR

questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
ST

assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Spore formation is found in unicellular organisms only.
Reason: Rhizopus and Mucor reproduce by spore formation method.
Ans. :
d. A is false but R is true.
Explanation:

The spore formation method of asexual reproduction occurs in both unicellular and

multicellular organisms. E.g., Bacteria, Fungi, Ferns and Mosses reproduce by spore

formation method.
115. In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given
by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark
the correct answer as:
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the
correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If assertion is true, but Reason is false.
d. If assertion is false, but Reason is true.
e. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion: DNA acts as the information source. Reason: It helps in
making different proteins and cellular machinery of the cell.
Ans. :
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion. SH
Explanation:
YA
The major function of DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in

proteins, using the genetic code. To read the genetic code, cells make a copy of a
SIR

stretch of DNA in the nucleic acid RNA.

116. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
AR

other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these

questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
ST

a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the

assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Vaginal pills contain spermicides. Reason: Spermicides
kill the sperms.
Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:
 Vaginal pills are the chemical methods of birth control. The vaginal pills contain the

chemicals called spermicides, which kill the sperms.

117. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Condom protects a person from the sexually transmitted
diseases. Reason: Condom prevents the sperms from meeting the
ovum by acting as a barrier.
Ans. :
SH
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
YA
assertion.
Explanation:
SIR

Condoms are used by males. These are rubber or plastic sheaths which are put on
penis before copulation. The condom prevents the sperms from meeting the ovum
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(or egg) by acting as a barrier between them. The benefit of condom is that it

protects a person from syphilis and AIDS.

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118. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Sexual reproduction leads to greater variety in
population. Reason: Sexual reproduction plays an important role in
the origin of new species.
Ans. :
 b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:

In sexual reproduction the offsprings, although similar to their parents, are not

identical to them or to one another. This is because the offsprings receive some

genes from the mother and some from the father. Because of the mixing of genes of

mother and father in various different combinations, all the offsprings have genetic

variations means that a species can adapt more quickly to changes in its

environment. This is because there are always likely to be some individuals which

are more suited to the changes than others, and these individuals will survive and

reproduce themselves.

Sexual reproduction plays an important role in the origin of new species having
different characteristics.

119. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
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other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
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a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
SIR

b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of

the assertion.
AR

c. A is true but R is false.

d. A is false but R is true.
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Assertion: Internal fertilisation occurs in mammals and birds.

Reason: External fertilisation occurs in reptiles, amphibians and
fishes.
Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The fertilisation which occurs inside the female body is called internal fertilisation.

Reptiles show internal fertilisation.

120. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
 b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: All the sepals together are called corolla. Reason: The
function of sepals is to protect the flower in the bud stage.
Ans. :
d. A is false but R is true.
Explanation:

All the sepals taken together are called calyx.

121. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
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b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
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the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
SIR

d. A is false but R is true.

Assertion: Multiple fission produces many daughter cells
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simultaneously. Reason: Multiple fission occurs during favourable

conditions.
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Ans. :
c. A is true but R is false.
Explanation:

In multiple fission, the parent organism divides into many daughter cells at the same
time during unfavourable conditions like deficiency of food or water and extremes of

temperature. Production of large number of daughters increases the chances of

survival of daughter cells.

122. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the
assertion.
 b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Potato tuber is used for the vegetative reproduction of
potato plant. Reason: Potato tuber is an underground stem of the
potato plant.
Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
Explanation:

Potato tuber is an underground stem of the potato plant. A potato tuber has many

buds (also called eyes) on its body. These buds act as organs for vegetative

reproduction. When a potato tuber is implanted in the soil, then the various buds of
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the potato tuber start growing to from new potato plants.

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