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MODULE NAME: MODULE CODE:

DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS ICAL6211

ASSESSMENT TYPE: TEST (PAPER ONLY)

TOTAL MARK ALLOCATION: 90 MARKS
TOTAL HOURS: 1.5 HOURS (+10 minutes reading time)
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Please adhere to all instructions in the assessment booklet.
2. Independent work is required.
3. Ten minutes is dedicated to reading time before the start of the assessment. You may
make notes on your question paper, but not in your answer sheet. Calculators may not be
used during reading time.
4. You may not leave the assessment venue during reading time, or during the first hour or
during the last 15 minutes of the assessment.
5. Ensure that your name is on all pieces of paper or books that you will be submitting. Submit
all the pages of this assessment’s question paper as well as your answer script.
6. Answer all the questions on the answer sheets or in answer booklets provided. The phrase
‘END OF PAPER’ will appear after the final set question of this assessment.
7. Remember to work at a steady pace so that you are able to complete the assessment within
the allocated time. Use the mark allocation as a guideline as to how much time to spend on
each section.
Additional instructions:
1. This is a CLOSED BOOK assessment.
2. Calculators are allowed.
3. Answer All Questions.
4. A formulae sheet is attached to this paper.
5. Show all calculations, where applicable (marks may be awarded for this).

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Test Outcomes
Learning Unit/s Objectives covered in this test:

At the end of this assessment, students should be able to:

• Fourier Series;
• Integration by Parts;
• Ordinary Differential Equations (First Order ODEs, separable ODEs, Integrating Factors);
• Ordinary Differential Equations (Second Order Homogenous ODEs, characteristic equations;
• Non-Homogenous Second-Order ODEs, Method of Variation of Parameters, The Wronskian
Method); and
• Vector Differential Calculus (Vector Fields, Potential Functions, Divergence, Curl).

Question 1 (Marks: 20)

Q.1.1 Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrix. (10)
1 −2 0
𝐴𝐴 = �0 2 0�
0 1 1

Q.1.2 Determine the characteristic equation (polynomial) for the Matrix in Q.1.1. (5)

Q.1.3 Determine weather or not Matrix A satisfies it’s the Cayley Hamilton theorem. (5)

Question 2 (Marks: 10)

Find the Fourier cosine transform of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −2𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 1.

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Question 3 (Marks: 25)

Solve the following ordinary differential equations.

Q.3.1 (4𝑦𝑦 − cos 𝑦𝑦) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 = 0 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0 (5)

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Q.3.2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦2, 𝑦𝑦(1) = 4 (10)

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦

Hint: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
Q.3.3 A tank with a capacity of 400 𝐿𝐿 is full of a mixture of water and chlorine with a (10)
concentration of 0.05𝑔𝑔 of chlorine per litre. In order to reduce the
concentration of chlorine, fresh water is pumped into the tank at a rate of
4 𝐿𝐿/𝑠𝑠.

The mixture is kept stirred and is pumped out at a rate of 10 𝐿𝐿/𝑠𝑠.

Find the amount of chlorine in the tank as a function of time.

Question 4 (Marks: 10)

Solve the following differential equations.

Q.4.1 16𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 40𝑦𝑦 ′ + 25𝑦𝑦 = 0 𝑦𝑦(0) = 3 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = − 9 (10)

4

Question 5 (Marks: 25)

Q.5.1 If 𝑓𝑓 = 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦𝑧𝑧 3 and 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝒊𝒊 − 𝑦𝑦 2 𝒋𝒋 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦𝒌𝒌, find

Q.5.1.1 ∇ 𝑓𝑓 (2)
Q.5.1.2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (𝑓𝑓𝒗𝒗) (6)
Q.5.1.3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (𝑓𝑓𝒗𝒗) (6)

Q.5.2 Find a unit normal to the surface 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 = −10 at the point 𝑃𝑃: (3, −1,2) (6)

Q.5.3 Find the directional derivatives of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 2 at the point (5)
(1, −1, 2) in the direction of 6𝐢𝐢 + 2𝐣𝐣 + 3𝐤𝐤

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USEFUL INFORMATION

𝑛𝑛
𝑧𝑧 𝑛𝑛 = �𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �
De Movire’s formulae 1 1 1 𝜃𝜃+2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
𝑧𝑧 𝑛𝑛 = �𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗(𝜃𝜃+2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) �𝑛𝑛 = 𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗 𝑛𝑛

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝐷𝐷𝑛𝑛 𝑓𝑓 ≡ 𝑚𝑚𝛼𝛼 = 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 cos 𝛼𝛼 + 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 sin 𝛼𝛼, where 𝛼𝛼 is the angle
Directional derivatives
between the unit vector 𝐧𝐧 and the axis 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
The gradient: grad 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) ≡ ∇𝑓𝑓 = 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝐢𝐢 + 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝐣𝐣 + 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝐤𝐤

The unit vector n parallel to 𝒂𝒂 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝐢𝐢 + 𝑎𝑎𝑦𝑦 𝐣𝐣 + 𝑎𝑎2 𝐤𝐤

𝒏𝒏 = =
|𝒂𝒂|
vector a �𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑦𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑧𝑧2

The integrating factor for a

𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞(𝑥𝑥); 𝐼𝐼(𝑥𝑥) = exp [∫ 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑]
linear ODE:
a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝2 𝑥𝑥 if roots are distinct and real
The general solution to linear
b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (𝐶𝐶1 cos 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 + 𝐶𝐶2 sin 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽)- if roots are complex-
2-nd order ODE with constant
conjugate �𝑝𝑝1,2 = 𝛼𝛼 ± 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖�
coefficients:
c) 𝑦𝑦 = (𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 - if roots are equal (𝑝𝑝1 = 𝑝𝑝2 = 𝑟𝑟)
Equation of a tangent to a
surface 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) at the
𝑧𝑧 = 𝑧𝑧0 + 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥′ (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦′ (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑓𝑓𝑧𝑧′ (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
point 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥0 , 𝑦𝑦0 , 𝑧𝑧0 )

The link between Cartesian

𝑦𝑦
and polar coordinates 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜃𝜃; 𝑟𝑟 = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜃𝜃 = arctan � �
𝑥𝑥

Conversion from the

⬚ ⬚
Cartesian to polar
� 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑓𝑓(𝑟𝑟, 𝜃𝜃)𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
coordinates in double
Ω Ω
integrals

� 𝐅𝐅(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦). 𝑑𝑑𝒓𝒓 = � 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Green’s theorem: ⬚
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= �� − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Ω

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� 𝐹𝐹(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Γ
𝑇𝑇

= � 𝐹𝐹[𝜑𝜑(𝑡𝑡), 𝜓𝜓(𝑡𝑡), 𝜒𝜒(𝑡𝑡)]�[𝜑𝜑(𝑡𝑡)]2 + [𝜓𝜓(𝑡𝑡)]2 + [𝜒𝜒(𝑡𝑡)]2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

The line integral of the first
0
kind is:

where Γ is a common line in 3D space: 𝑟𝑟(𝑡𝑡) = 𝜑𝜑(𝑡𝑡)𝐢𝐢 +

𝜓𝜓(𝑡𝑡)𝐣𝐣 + 𝜒𝜒(𝑡𝑡)𝒌𝒌 where 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 and 𝐹𝐹(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) is a factor field
in 3D space: 𝐹𝐹(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝐢𝐢 + 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝐣𝐣 + 𝑅𝑅(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧)𝐤𝐤
The characteristic equation
det(𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆) = 0
for eigenvalues
Equation for eigenvectors of a
𝐴𝐴𝒗𝒗 = 𝜆𝜆𝒗𝒗, where 𝜆𝜆 is a known eigenvalue.
matrix 𝐴𝐴
Definition of the symmetric matrix 𝐴𝐴𝑇𝑇 = 𝐴𝐴.
Symmetric and Orthogonal
Symmetric matrix: 𝐴𝐴𝑇𝑇 = 𝐴𝐴. Orthogonal matrix 𝑃𝑃: 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃−1 , if
matrix
𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇 ∙ 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃 ∙ 𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇 = 𝐼𝐼
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Cauchy-Riemann equations = and =−
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝐴𝐴)
Cofactor method 𝐴𝐴−1 = , 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝐴𝐴) = 𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇 , 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = (−1)𝑖𝑖+𝑗𝑗 det (𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
det (𝐴𝐴)

det (𝐴𝐴𝑗𝑗 )
Cramer’s Rule 𝑥𝑥𝑗𝑗 =
det (𝐴𝐴)
Every square matrix over a commutative ring (such as the
Cayley–Hamilton theorem real or complex field) satisfies its own characteristic
equation.
sin 2𝜃𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 = cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃
Trigonometric identities
2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 − cos 2𝜃𝜃 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃
𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏
𝑎𝑎
Integration by parts � 𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥)𝑣𝑣 ′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = [𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥)𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥)] � − � 𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥)𝑢𝑢′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑏𝑏
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

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The Fourier series expansion of a piecewise continuous

periodic function 𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) of period 𝑇𝑇 is

∞
1 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎0 + � �𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 cos � � + 𝑏𝑏𝑛𝑛 sin � ��
Fourier Series 2 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇
𝑛𝑛=1

where
2 𝑇𝑇/2 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = ∫−𝑇𝑇/2 𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) cos � � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, 𝑏𝑏𝑛𝑛 =
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇
2 𝑇𝑇/2 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
∫ 𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) sin � 𝑇𝑇 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, for 𝑛𝑛 = 0,1,2, …
𝑇𝑇 −𝑇𝑇/2

END OF PAPER

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