SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

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T.B.C.: FIAS-SFG25-L1T38 Test Booklet Series
Test Code: 221135

A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES

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[1]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.1) Recently, the term “pumped-storage Q.4) The 'Oparin-Haldane hypothesis’, 'Miller-
hydropower” is actually and appropriately Urey experiment', and 'theory of the molecular
discussed in the context of which one off the clock’ are generally discussed in relation to:
following? a) Origin and/or evolution of living organisms
a) Irrigation of terraced crop fields on the Earth
b) Lift irrigation of cereal crops b) Formation of the first star of the Universe
c) Long duration energy storage c) Study of the solar and the lunar eclipses
d) Rainwater harvesting system d) Origin and evolution of our Solar system

Q.2) Consider the following pairs: Q.5) Consider the following statements:
1. Other than those made by humans,
Defense Project Objective
nanoparticles do not exist in nature.
1. Project To develop an anti-missile 2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are
Zorawar system for India used in the manufacture of some
cosmetics.
2. Project 75 To build a fleet of 3. Nanoparticles of some commercial
multirole combat aircraft products which enter the environment are
for Indian air force unsafe for humans.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. Project 17 To build a series of stealth
correct?
Alpha guided-missile frigates
a) 1 only
b) 3 only
4. Project To develop directed-
c) 1 and 2 only
DURGA II energy weapons for armed
d) 2 and 3 only
forces
Which of the pairs given above are correctly Q.6) With reference to the recently launched
matched? BioE3 (biotechnology for Economy,
a) 1 and 3 only Environment and Employment) Policy,
b) 3 and 4 only consider the following statements:
c) 2 and 4 only 1. It will further strengthen the government
d) 1, 2 and 4 initiatives like ‘Net Zero’ economy and
‘Lifestyle for the Environment (LiFE)’.
Q.3) Which of the following statements best 2. It provides for the establishment of the
describes the characteristics of ‘jumping National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute
genes’ in organisms? (NABI) to enable transformation of the agri-
1. These are DNA sequences that move from food sector in India.
one location to another in the genome of 3. It provides for the establishment of Bio-
an organism. Artificial Intelligence (Bio-AI) Hubs to
2. These genes are found only in eukaryotes foster cooperation among experts from
but not in prokaryotes. biological and computational disciplines.
3. These are the genes that may help in the Which of the statements given above is/are
development of new drugs for a disease. correct?
Select the correct answer using the code given a) 1 and 2
below: b) 1 and 3
a) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3
b) 2 and 3 only d) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

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[1]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.7) Consider the following statements with Which one of the following is correct in
reference to MicroRNA: respect of the above statements?
1. It regulates the production of proteins in a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
the human body. correct and Statement-II is the correct
2. It can lead to formation of cancer in the explanation for Statement-I.
human body by suppressing the expression b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
of certain genes. correct but Statement-II is not the correct
Which of the statements given above is/are explanation for Statement-I.
correct? c) Statement-1 is correct but Statement-II is
a) 1 only incorrect.
b) 2 only d) Statement-1 is incorrect but Statement-II
c) Both 1 and 2 is correct.
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.11) Which of the following statements about
Q.8) The central dogma of molecular biology ‘Exercise Mitra Shakti-2023’ are correct?
explains: 1. This was a joint military exercise between
a) how a child's biological sex is determined India and Bangladesh.
by the chromosomes contributed by 2. It commenced in Aundh (Pune).
parents. 3. Joint response during counter-terrorism
b) how the genetic information is passed from operation was a goal of this operation.
proteins to DNA. 4. The Indian Air Force was a part of this
c) how RNA is converted into DNA through exercise.
cellular processes. Select the answer using the code given below:
d) how genetic information flows from DNA to a) 1, 2 and 3
RNA and from RNA to proteins. b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 1, 3 and 4
Q.9) Consider the following statements with d) 2, 3 and 4
reference to the gene editing techniques:
Statement-I: RNA editing is generally Q.12) Which one of the following was
considered safer and more flexible than DNA established by the World Health Organization
editing. (WHO) in 2023 as a response to the lessons
Statement-II: Unlike RNA editing, DNA editing learned from the COVID-19 pandemic?
makes permanent changes to the genome. a) International Health Regulation (IHR)
Which one of the following is correct in b) Global Health Emergency Corps (GHEC)
respect of the above statements? c) World Health Assembly
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are d) Global Vaccine Safety Initiative
correct and Statement-II is the correct
explanation for Statement-I. Q.13) Which one of the following statements
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are best describes the term 'Orphan diseases',
correct but Statement-II is not the correct often seen in the news?
explanation for Statement-I. a) It is a disease whose cause is unknown.
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is b) It is a disease that lacks adequate
incorrect. treatment due to either high cost of
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is treatment or scarcity of effective therapies.
correct. c) It is a disease that affects a large
percentage of the population.
Q.10) Consider the following statements: d) It is a disease that is easily curable with
Statement-I: Antibiotics do not work existing medicines.
effectively against viral infections.
Statement-II: Unlike bacteria, viruses have
cellular structures like cell walls and
ribosomes.

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[2]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.14) Recently, the Food Safety and Standards Q.17) Nuclear technology has a wide range of
Authority of India (FSSAI) has decided to treat applications in agriculture and allied sectors,
the packaged drinking and mineral water contributing to improved productivity and
segment as a “High Risk Food Category”. In sustainability. In this context, consider the
this regard, which one of the following will be following activities:
the implication of this decision? 1. Measuring soil moisture over large areas.
a) Manufacturers of the products under this 2. Detecting hormone levels in animals to
category have a high pollution index as enable precise timing for artificial
their water pollutant score is high. insemination.
b) Severe public health issues will arise if 3. Controlling pests by releasing sterilized
people consume such water. insects.
c) Centrally licensed manufacturers of the 4. Quantifying the amount of nitrogen
product under the category must undergo fixation in crops.
annual FSSAI recognized third-party food In which of the above activities can nuclear
safety audits. technology be used?
d) Manufacturers of the product under the a) 1 only
category would require a mandatory b) 1 and 3 only
Bureau of Indian Standards certification. c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q.15) With reference to bio-toilets used by the
Indian Railways, consider the following Q.18) Consider the following missiles:
statements: 1. Brahmos
1. The decomposition of human waste in the 2. Agni
bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum. 3. Prithvi
2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only 4. Nirbhay
end products in this decomposition which 5. Dhanush
are released into the atmosphere. How many of the above are examples of
Which of the statements given above is/are Ballistic missiles?
correct? a) Only two
a) 1 only b) Only three
b) 2 only c) Only four
c) Both 1 and 2 d) All five
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.19) The term ‘Technological doping’,
Q.16) Consider the following diseases: recently seen in the news, refers to:
1. Guillain-Barré Syndrome a) the unauthorized use of cryptocurrencies
2. Multiple Sclerosis for money laundering.
3. Rheumatoid arthritis b) the misuse of technology to gain an unfair
4. Type 1 Diabetes advantage in sports.
How many of the above are Autoimmune c) the deployment of deepfake technology in
diseases? social media campaigns.
a) Only one d) the unethical collection of user data by
b) Only two tech companies for targeted advertising.
c) Only three
d) All four

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[3]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.20) Indian scientists have recently Which of the statements given above are
developed a genome-editing tool called correct?
ISDra2TnpB, which is being hailed as a a) 1 and 2 only
breakthrough in genetic engineering. In this b) 2 and 3 only
context, consider the following statements: c) 1, 2 and 4 only
Statement I: It is considered more suitable for d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
plant genome editing than CRISPR-Cas9.
Statement II: Unlike CRISPR Cas9, it does not Q.23) In the context of nanotechnology, the
use any protein from bacteria as a DNA cutting term "quantum dot" refers to:
tool. a) a device that detects and responds to
Which one of the following is correct in physical or chemical stimuli at the
respect of the above statements? nanoscale.
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are b) a nanoscale robot designed for precise
correct and Statement-II explains medical applications like drug delivery.
Statement-I. c) a cylindrical nanostructure composed of
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are carbon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement.
correct but Statement-II does not explain d) a nanoscale semiconductor particle with
Statement-I. unique optical and electronic properties.
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
incorrect. Q.24) Which one of the following statements
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is best describes the term ‘Hayflick limit’, often
correct. seen in news?
a) It represents the minimum lifespan of a
Q.21) In the context of hereditary diseases, particular species.
consider the following statements: b) It indicates the number of mutations
1. Passing on mitochondrial diseases from accumulated in a cell's DNA over time.
parent to child can be prevented by c) It refers to the maximum number of times a
mitochondrial replacement therapy either cell can divide before it stops dividing and
before or after in vitro fertilization of the dies.
egg. d) It describes the point at which all cells in
2. A child inherits mitochondrial diseases the human body stop functioning
entirely from mother and not from father. simultaneously.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? Q.25) The joint multinational maritime
a) 1 only exercise named IBSAMAR is conducted by the
b) 2 only Navies of which of the following countries?
c) Both 1 and 2 a) India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives
d) Neither 1 nor 2 b) India, Bangladesh and South Africa
c) India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Mauritius
Q.22) With reference to Nuclear Fission and d) India, Brazil and South Africa
Nuclear Fusion, consider the following
statements: Q.26) Which of the following best describes
1. Unlike energy production through nuclear “Organ-on-chip” technology seen recently in
fission, energy production through nuclear the news?
fusion is not based on a chain reaction. It is a technology which involves:
2. Unlike nuclear fusion, nuclear fission a) creating fully functional artificial human
produces long-lived radioactive organs using 3D printing.
byproducts. b) transplanting human organs by using
3. Nuclear Fission requires more energy to Artificial intelligence.
split an atom compared to the energy c) enhancing functioning of the human organs
needed to fuse two nuclei in nuclear fusion. using computer chips.
4. Nuclear Fusion can produce more energy d) developing a small device designed to
per kilogram of fuel than nuclear fission. recreate the dynamic functions of some
human organ in a controlled
microenvironment.

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[4]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.27) With reference to Pinaka Rocket System, b) a protein complex that plays a key role in
consider the following statements: the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.
1. It is a multi-barrel rocket launcher system c) a naturally occurring DNA editing tool that
developed for high mobility and rapid allows precise rearrangement and
firepower. recombination of DNA.
2. It has an extended range of up to 90 km d) a tool for studying gene expression
with satellite-based guidance for improved patterns using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).
accuracy.
3. The Indian Army has operationally Q.31) Consider the following aircraft:
deployed it in mountainous regions and 1. Rafael
rugged terrains. 2. MiG-29
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. Tejas MK-1
correct? How many of the above are considered fifth
a) 1 only generation fighter aircraft?
b) 2 only a) Only one
c) 1 and 3 only b) Only two
d) 1, 2 and 3 c) All three
d) None
Q.28) With reference to biotechnology,
consider the following processes: Q.32) With reference to Small Modular
1. Production of human insulin Reactors (SMRs), consider the following
2. Treatment of hereditary breast cancer statements:
3. Development of drought resistant plants 1. They have a power capacity of up to 1000
4. Production of biofuels MW(e) per unit.
How many of the above are considered as the 2. Compared to conventional nuclear
applications of Recombinant DNA technology? reactors, SMRs produce negligible nuclear
a) Only one waste per unit of electricity generated.
b) Only two 3. Currently, India does not have any
c) Only three operational SMR.
d) All four Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
Q.29) With reference to Genetically Modified a) 1 and 2 only
Mustard (DMH-11), consider the following b) 3 only
statements: c) 2 and 3 only
1. In India, it has been given environmental d) 1, 2 and 3
clearance by the Ministry of Environment
Forest and Climate Change. Q.33) With reference to the International
2. It is developed using the Barnase-Barstar Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER),
genes obtained from non-pathogenic soil consider the following statements:
bacterium. 1. It aims to demonstrate the feasibility of
Which of the statements given above is/are nuclear fusion as a large-scale, carbon-free
correct? energy source, based on the same principle
a) 1 only that powers the Sun.
b) 2 only 2. It is located in the United States of America
c) Both 1 and 2 (USA).
d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. India is a full member of the ITER project.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Q.30) In the context of Biotechnology, the correct?
Bridge Recombinase Mechanism (BRM), a) 1 only
recently seen in the news, refers to: b) 1 and 3 only
a) a technique for cloning entire organisms c) 2 and 3 only
using somatic cell nuclear transfer. d) 1, 2 and 3

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 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.34) Consider the following statements d) Stimulating the immune system to kill
regarding Trans-fats: certain non-infectious cells.
1. They are a type of saturated fatty acids.
2. They can be both naturally occurring and Q.38) CAR-T cell therapy is increasingly seen
artificially produced. as a revolutionary therapy in the treatment of
3. They increase the risk of cardiovascular cancer. In the context of CAR-T cell therapy,
diseases in humans by raising LDL (low- consider the following statements:
density lipoprotein) cholesterol and 1. NexCAR19 is India’s first indigenously
lowering HDL (high-density lipoprotein) developed anti-cancer CAR-T Therapy.
cholesterol levels. 2. It involves genetic modification of a
4. The REPLACE action framework by the patient's B lymphocytes.
WHO aims to eliminate industrially 3. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, it attacks
produced trans-fats from the global food only cancerous cells and does not harm
supply. healthy cells.
Which of the statements given above are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
a) 1 and 4 only a) 1 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 d) 1, 2 and 3

Q.35) Consider the following: Q.39) Consider the following diseases:

1. Battery storage 1. Leprosy
2. Biomass generators 2. Tuberculosis
3. Fuel cells 3. Measles
4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units 4. Mpox
How many of the above are considered 5. Hepatitis A
“Distributed Energy Resources”? How many of the above mentioned diseases
a) Only one can be directly transmitted from person to
b) Only two person?
c) Only three a) Only two
d) All four b) Only three
c) Only four
Q.36) Recently talked about in the news, d) All five
‘Twigstats’ best refers to which one of the
following? Q.40) A chemical called ‘Paraquat’ (paraquat
a) An analytic method for assessing the dichloride or methyl viologen) was recently
efficacy of drugs. seen in the news. In this context which of the
b) A tool for removing specific parts of a following statements is/are correct?
genome. 1. It is widely used as a herbicide.
c) A method for producing biodegradable 2. Manufacture, sale and use of Paraquat is
plastics using biomass. completely banned in India.
d) A tool for reconstructing genetic histories 3. It has been included under the Prior
of individuals. Informed Consent list of the Rotterdam
Convention.
Q.37) Some Scientists are pursuing a new type 4. It is a highly toxic chemical whose
of vaccine called ‘inverse vaccine’. This ingestion can be fatal.
‘Inverse Vaccine’ is intended to fulfill which Select the correct answer using the code given
one of the following objectives? below:
a) Collecting the samples of virus from an a) 1 and 4 only
individual. b) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) Degeneration of unwanted cells and c) 3 only
molecules in the body. d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c) Training the immune system to not attack
healthy cells.

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[6]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.41) Consider the following statements: d) Reducing carbon emissions in the

1. Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture agricultural sector.
of components used in automobiles and
aircrafts. Q.45) With reference to agriculture in India,
2. Carbon fibres once used cannot be how can the technique of ‘genome
recycled. sequencing’, often seen in the news, be used in
Which of the statements given above is/are the immediate future?
correct? 1. Genome sequencing can be used to identify
a) 1 only genetic markers for disease resistance and
b) 2 only drought tolerance in various crop plants.
c) Both 1 and 2 2. This technique helps in reducing the time
d) Neither 1 nor 2 required to develop new varieties of crop
plants.
Q.42) With reference to S400 Triumf system, 3. It can be used to decipher the host-
consider the following statements: pathogen relationship in crops.
1. It is a long-range surface-to-air missile Select the correct answer using the code given
(SAM) system developed by Russia. below:
2. It can intercept threats with its maximum a) 1 only
missile range of 250 km. b) 2 and 3 only
3. It can engage different types of targets like c) 1 and 3 only
helicopters, UAVs, and cruise missiles etc. d) 1, 2 and 3
4. One of its drawbacks is, it can only provide
180-degree surveillance against various Q.46) Consider the following:
kinds of targets. 1. Spread of antibiotic resistance (AR)
Which of the statements given above are 2. Genetic material damage
correct? 3. Hormone level disruption
a) 1 and 3 only 4. Chronic inflammation
b) 2, 3 and 4 only How many of the above are potential negative
c) 1, 3 and 4 only effects of nano plastics on human health?
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 a) Only one
b) Only two
Q.43) With reference to Thermobaric c) Only three
Weapons, consider the following statements: d) All four
1. They result in a single massive explosion at
a striking site with largescale damage. Q.47) With reference to biosurfactants,
2. Their shockwave can rupture lungs and consider the following statements:
cause severe organ damage. 1. They are microbial-derived molecules that
3. The International Convention on reduce surface tension between two
Thermobaric Weapons prohibits their liquids.
usage. 2. Unlike some synthetic surfactants, they can
Which of the statements given above is/are remain active in a high range of pH and
correct? salinity.
a) 2 only 3. They can be used in food industries as
b) 3 only natural emulsifiers and heavy metal
c) 1 and 3 removers.
d) 2 and 3 Which of the statements given above are
correct?
Q.44) The Jeddah Commitments, recently seen a) 1 and 2 only
in the news, are related to: b) 1 and 3 only
a) Elimination of Polio globally by 2030. c) 2 and 3 only
b) Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). d) 1, 2 and 3
c) Promoting sustainable development goals
through global partnership.

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[7]
 SFG 2025 | LEVEL 1 |Test 38 |

Q.48) In context to Indian defense, what is

common among all the three of Arighat,
Aridhaman and Arihant?
All of these are:
a) Aircraft carriers
b) Nuclear-powered ballistic missile
submarines
c) Diesel attack submarines
d) Stealth guided-missile frigates

Q.49) What does the term "criticality" in a

nuclear reactor signify?
a) The chain reaction in the reactor stops
completely due to neutron loss without
causing a fission reaction.
b) The reactor reaches a balance where the
neutrons created by the fission process
match the number of neutrons lost either
through absorption or escape.
c) The reactor is on the verge of shutting
down due to low fuel levels to sustain the
chain reaction.
d) The reactor produces more nuclear fuel
than it consumes through the process of
nuclear fission.

Q.50) Consider the following applications:

1. Enhancing oxygen levels in water bodies
2. Improving crop yield and soil health
3. Enhancing the efficiency of chemical
reactions in pharmaceutical manufacturing
4. Facilitating the separation of valuable
minerals in mining
5. Reducing bacterial contamination and
pollutants in wastewater
In which of the above are nanobubble
technology used?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1, 2 and 5 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

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