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P530/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
2025
21/2 hours

EVOLUTION TEST- TERM 1-2025

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

SENIOR SIX

BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
Paper 1
2 hours 30 minutes.

INSTRUCTIONS:
 Attempt all questions in section A and B.
 Answers to section A must be written by circling the best alternative.
 Answers to section B must be written in the spaces of the question paper provided.
For Examiner’s use only
Section A: 1-53

Section B: 54

55

56

Total
 SECTION A (53 MARKS)
Attempt all questions in this section by circling the best alternative

1. The gene for albinism is recessive to that form normal skin pigment in human. In a population
where the frequency of albinism is 10%, the expected proportion of albinos in the population would
be
A. 0.1
B. 0.01
C. 0.8
D. 0.9
2. Insect and vertebrate living on land have jointed limbs for locomotion. This is an example of
A. Convergent evolution
B. Adaptive radiation
C. Divergent evolution
D. Natural selection

3. Which one of the following factors is least likely to contribute to the development of new
species?
A. Gene mutation
B. Reproductive isolation
C. Geographical isolation
D. Stabilizing selection
4. Which one of the following may cause adaptive radiation to a variety of species?
A. Stabilizing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Cessation of selection
D. Disruptive selection
5. Which one of the following may occur to a community of organism as a result of natural
selection?
A. Increase in the number of species
B. Adaptive to the environment by all organism
C. Extinction of species
D. Reduction in the level of mutation
6. Which one of the following pairs of structures are not homologous?
A. Arms of humans and wings of birds
B. Legs of insects and those of mammals
C. Ponds of bean and pericarp of maize grain
D. Pectoral fins of fish and arms of humans

7. From the following sources of variation, which one has the highest chance of producing new
species?
A. Crossing over
B. Independent assortment
C. Mutation
D. Random fusion of gametes

8. Which one of the following is likely character in mammalian population illustrated in figure 1?
 A. Height B. Ear size
C. Blood group D. Finger length

9. Which one of the following results when a gamete with non-disjunction is fertilized?
A. Duplication
B. Translocation
C. Monosomy
D. Polyploidy
10. Which one of the following is least likely to occur when organism of similar species competes
for some limited resource?
A. Range restriction
B. Aggression towards each other
C. Extinction
D. Coexistence
11. Individuals lacking desired qualities are prevented from mating during artificial selection using
the following methods except
A. Extermination
B. Segregation
C. Sterilization
D. Cross breeding
12. Structures of common origin modified in various ways to adapt animals to different modes of
life is an illustration of
A. Homologous structure
B. Convergent evolution
C. Analogous structure
D. Cooperative anatomy

13. Which one of the following is likely to cause a faster rate of evolution?
A. Stabilizing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. Slow changing environment
14. The more the variation in population, the greater is its potential to
A. Give rise to gene flow
B. Adapt to new changes in environment
C. Produce more offspring
D. Grow fact

15. Functional resemblance of wings of butterfly and a bird although from different origin, is an
example of
A. Homology
B. Autology
C. Analogy
D. Phylogeny

16. The following are trisomic conditions except

A. Klinefelter’s syndrome
B. Turners syndrome
C. Down’s syndrome
D. XXX female
17. Which of the following is not likely to bring evolutionary change in a population?
A. Crossing over
B. Migration
C. Mutation
D. Genetic drift

18. Which one of the following structures is not homologous with the rest?
A. Bat wing
B. Human fore arm
C. Insect wing
D. Bird wing

19. Which of the following conditions result from gene mutation?

A. Klinefelter’s syndrome
B. Turners syndrome
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Dawn’s syndrome

20. Which of the following factors would contribute least to the development of new species?
A. Gene mutation
B. Chromosomal mutation
C. Geographical isolation

D. Environmental stability
21. Insects have different mouth parts modified to suit their different modes of feeding. This
shows:
A. Speciation
B. Convergence evolution
C. Divergent evolution
D. Development of analogous structures

22. Which of the following maintains the highest level of genetic uniformity?
A. Interbreeding
B. Selective breading
C. Random breeding
D. inbreeding

23. A possible explanation for occurrence of gill slits on a human embryo is that
A. gill slits are required for respiration at early stages
B. human may have evolved from fish
C. human and fish have a common ancestry
D. evolution still occurs

24. Among the following sets of organs; which contains homologous structures only?
A. bat wing, bird wing, human fore arm
B. fish pectoral fin, human for arm, insect wings
C. bird wing, bat wing, insect wings
D. fish pectoral fin, bat wing, human forearm

25. Which one of the following would not lead to evolution?

A. Better suited phenotype in a specific environment increasing in number
B. The environment remains stable for a long time.
C. Organism producing more offspring than the environment can support
D. A large number of offspring dying before reproduction.

26. Which of the following is not a form of inbreeding?

A. Cross-breeding offspring of the same parent
B. Self-pollination
C. Back crossing
D. Test crossing

27. The camel family is found only in North Africa, Asia and South America. This is an example
of
A. Adaptive radiation
B. Convergence radiation
C. Divergent evolution

D. Discontinuous distribution
28. The study of gross morphological and histological appearance of an organism in ecology is
best described as
A. Comparative physiology
B. Comparative embryology
C. Comparative anatomy
D. Cell biology

29. The appearance of a gene of evolutionary advantage is a function of

A. Chance
B. Environmental demand
C. Needs of organism
D. Nature plan

30. Which one of the following would cause phenotypic variation among organisms of the same
genotype?
A. Exposure to different environment
B. Continuous variation within the species
C. Different sex
D. mutation

31. The phylogenetic approach to classification is used because it groups together all animals that
show
A. analogous structures
B. homologous structures
C. convergent evolution
D. Adaptive radiation

32. Which of the following may be a result of inbreeding?

A. Improved fertility
B. Accumulation of lethal gene
C. Polyploidy
D. Increased mutation rate

33. Which of the following is not a likely result of polyploidy in plants?

A. Increased hardness
B. Resistance to diseases
C. Decreased hybrid vigour
D. Formation of seedless large fruits
34. Two population of a given species could only evolve into two distinct species if they are
subjected to
A. Disruptive selection
B. Geographical isolation
C. Stabilizing selection
D. Genetic isolation

35. The pastoralist usually retains which his herd, a bull whose ancestor have got desirable
characteristics. This is an example of
A. Inbreeding
B. Natural selection
C. Cross breeding
D. Artificial selection

36. The existence of different castes within termite is an instance of

A. Polymorphism
B. Genetic drift
C. Melanism
D. natural selection

37. Which one of the following effects of deforestation will least affect the gene pool of a
population in a forest?
A. Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
B. Decrease in the number of individual at each trophic level
C. Loss of habitat for animal species
D. Decrease in the number of trophic levels in the forest ecosystem
38. The occurrence of a genetic defect among individuals of an isolated population in a
percentage higher than expected is likely to be a result of
A. Natural selection
B. Speciation
C. Adaptation
D. Genetic drift

39. Which one of the following does not lead to change in allele frequency of a population?
A. Mutation
B. Selection
C. Sexual recombination
D. Genetic drift
40. The similarity of the skeletal structures of mole, monkeys and whales lead to the conclusion
that they
A. Belong to the same class
B. Originate from the same environment
C. Descend from a common ancestor
D. Evolved converging

41. Which one of the following would lead to genetic death in animal population?
A. Hemophilia in a population
B. Sickle cell trait in a population
C. Infertile males in a population
D. Albinism in a population

42. The following can result in some variation of the offspring except
A. Haploid parthenogenesis
B. Fragmentation
C. Conjugation
D. Self-fertilization

43. Which of the following show divergent evolution?

A. Wings of a cockroach and a bat
B. Skeleton of a mouse and cray fish
C. Fore limbs of a pigeon and a monkey
D. Eyes of a locust and a kite

44. The possession of similar structures in an organism having different ancestral origin is a
result of
A. Convergence evolution
B. Divergence evolution
C. Adaptive radiation
D. Parallel evolution

45. Which one of the following may occur to a community of organisms as a result of natural
Section?
A. Increase in the number of species.
B. Adapting to the environment by all the organisms.
C. Extinction of species.
D. Reduction in the level of mutation

46. Which one of the following would happen to individuals of the population in the shaded area
in the figure below if selection pressure continued for generations acting on the phenotype?
They would
A. Develop onto two distinct population
B. Die off and become extinct
C. Evolve into new species
D. Multiply in number

47. Which one of the following genetic abnormalities does not result from non-disjunction?
A. Klinefelter’s syndrome
B. Turner’s syndrome
C. Hemophilia
D. Down’s syndrome
48. Variation among organisms which reproduce by fission can be due to
A. Crossing over
B. Mutation
C. Random fertilization
D. Independent assortment
49. The figure below shows he frequency of a trait among a group of students

The difference in the phenotype s is due to

A. The altitude where individual live
B. Genetic make up
C. Frequency of disease among individual
D. Different diet among individuals

50. In breeding , the propagation of a variety with desirable characteristics is referred to as

A. Hybridization
B. Artificial selection
C. Cross breeding
D. inbreeding

51. Human eye and octopus’ eye are examples of

A. Homology
B. Divergent evolution
C. Analogy
D. Adaptive radiation

52. Which one of the following pairs of structures are not homologous?
A. arms of humans and wings of birds.
B. Legs of insects and those of mammals.
C. pods of beans and pericarps of maize grains.
D. pectoral fins of fish and arms of humans.
53. From the following sources of variation, which one has the highest chance of producing new
species?

A. crossing over B. Independent assortment

C. mutation. D. Random fusion of gametes.
SECTION B
Attempt all questions from this section in the spaces provided.

54. (a) Distinguish between hybrid and hybrid vigour

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(b). Explain how each of the following may alter the gene frequency
(i) Closeness of population.
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(ii) Small population size.

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55. In human albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive allele. On average 1 in 10,000 is an

albino.
(a) Give two characteristics of an albino (2marks)
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(b) Using Hardy Weinberg formula p2 +2pq + q2 = 1, determine
(i) the frequency of the albino allele in human population (2marks)
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(ii) Frequency of heterozygous genotype in the population (2mars)

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56. The figure below illustrates selection pressure acting on a population of butter fly

.
(a) State the type of selection being exhibited in the figure (01 mark)
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(b) Explain how this type of natural selection affect the phenotypic characteristics of the population.
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(c) (i) In the space below sketch the distribution curve that would result after many generations of this type of
natural selelction shown in (a)

(ii) What ecological effect does the above type of selection have on the population? (03 marks)
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(d) State the importance of genetic variation in natural selection? (02 marks)
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END