ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB -II

LABORATORY MANUAL

B.TECH

(II YEAR – II SEM)

(2023-24)

Prepared by:
Dr. KARIMULLA P.SK, Associate Professor

Mr. U.KRISHNA PRASAD, Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC –
‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally),
Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB -II
LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Code : R22A0283

Regulation : R22
Class : II Year II Semester (EEE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

NAME:

H.NO:

YEAR SEM _
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB -II
LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Code : R22A0283

Regulation : R22
Class : II Year II Semester (EEE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC –
‘A’Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally),
Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
S.NO NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE MARKS/ SIGNATURE
NO GRADE

LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

1

2 EQUIVALENT CIURCUIT AND PRE-DETERMINATION OF

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE -PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR

SCOTT CONNECTION OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

3

REGULATION OF AN ALTERNATOR BY SYNCHRONOUS

4
IMPEDANCE METHOD

REGULATION OF AN ALTERNATOR BY MMF METHOD

5

V & INVERTED V CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

6

7 NO LOAD & BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON 3-ɸ INDUTION

MOTOR

8 SUMPNER’S TEST ON TWO IDENTICAL SINGLE -

PHASE TRANSFORMERS

REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR BY ZPF

METHOD
9
DETERMINATION OF Xd & Xq OF A SALIENT POLE
SYNCHRONOUSMACHINE

10
O.C & S.C TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

11

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1.Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze

complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3.Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual

knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities

with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding

of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work,
as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary
environments.

12. Life- long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II YEAR B. Tech EEE – II SEM L/T/P/C

-/-/3/1.5
(R22A0285) ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB -II

COURSEOBJECTIVES:
To understand the operation of synchronous machines
1. To understand the analysis of power angle curve of a synchronous machine.
2.To understand the equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer and single-phase induction
motor.
3. To understand the circle diagram of an induction motor by conducting a blocked rotor test.
PART-A
The following experiments are required to be conducted as compulsory experiments

1. Sumpner’s test on a pair of single-phase transformers

2. No-load & Blocked rotor tests on three phase Induction motor
3. Regulation of a three –phase alternator by synchronous impedance method
4. Regulation of a three –phase alternator by MMF method
5. V and Inverted V curves of a three—phase synchronous motor.
6. Equivalent Circuit of a single-phase induction motor
7. Determination of Xd and Xq of a salient pole synchronous machine
8. Load test on three phase Induction Motor
PART-B
In addition to the above experiments, at least any two of the following experiments are required to
be conducted from the following list

9. Regulation of three-phase alternator by Z.P.F.

10. Measurement of sequence impedance of a three-phase alternator.
11. Scott Connection of transformer
12. Efficiency of 3 phase alternator.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After the completion of this laboratory course,
1. The student will be able to understand the performance of different machines using different
testing methods to convert from three phase to two phase and vice versa.

2. Compensate the changes interminal voltages of synchronous generator after estimating the change
by different methods.

3. Control the active and reactive power flows in synchronous machines Start different machines and
control the speed and power factor.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
1. Before entering the lab the student should carry the following things.

o Identity card issued by the college.

o Lab observation book
o Lab Manual
o Lab Record
2. Student must sign in and sign out in the register provided when attending the lab session
without fail.
3. Come to the laboratory in time. Students, who are late more than 15 min., will not be allowed
to attend the lab.
4. Students need to maintain 100% attendance in lab if not a strict action will be taken.
5. All students must follow a Dress Code while in the laboratory
6. Foods, drinks are NOT allowed.
7. All bags must be left at the indicated place.
8. The objective of the laboratory is learning.
9. The experiments are designed to illustrate phenomena in different areas of Physics and to expose
you to measuring instruments, conduct the experiments with interest and an attitude of learning
11. You need to come well prepared for the experiment.
12. Work quietly and carefully
13. be honest in recording and representing your data.

14. If a particular reading appears wrong repeat the measurement carefully, to get a better
for a graph
15. All presentations of data, tables and graphs calculations should be neatly and
16. Carefully done Graphs should be neatly drawn with pencil. Always label graphs
and the axes and display units.
17. If you finish early, spend the remaining time to complete the calculations and
drawing graphs.
18. Return all the equipment you have signed out for the purpose of your experiment.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS AND

SIMULATIONLABORATORY

1. You must not damage or tamper with the equipment or leads

2. You should inspect laboratory equipment for visible damage before using it. If there is a
problem with a piece of equipment, report it to the technician or lecturer. DONOT return
equipment to a storage area
3. You should not work on circuits where the supply voltage exceeds 40 volts without very
specific approval from your lab supervisor. If you need to work on such circuits, you should
contact your supervisor for approval and instruction on how to do this safely before
commencing the work.
4. Always use an appropriate stand for holding your soldering iron.
5. Turn off your soldering iron if it is unlikely to be used for more than 10 minutes. Never leave a
hot soldering iron unattended.
6. Never touch a soldering iron element or bit unless the iron has been disconnected
from the mains and has had adequate time to cool down. Never strip insulation
from a wire with your teeth or a knife, always use an appropriate wire stripping tool.
7. Shield wire with your hands when cutting it with a pliers to prevent bits of wire flying about the
bench.

INTRODUCTION TO TEST PROCEDURE WITH COMPUTER SETUP:

 The machines laboratory is setup with the following new features.
 The motors are controlled using a static electronic power drive unlike the
conventional method of using 3-point starters and DC output power.
 Further, the motors can be controlled either manually by directly using the electronic
drive unit or through PLC/Micro controller unit(Data logger)
 Hence the general procedure for all experiments is given in both methods.
 First, the power is extended to the test bench by switching on the corresponding MCB in the
mains panel. Then the test panel is energized by switching on the MCB on the panel (Before
switching on the local MCB it is to be confirmed that the drive control pot meter is in
minimum position).
 The computer is switched on and DIAVIEW software is executed from the desktop.
 The computer now displays either the SCADA display (in case of PLC controlled set ups)
and Data logger display (in case of data logger/micro controller setup)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MANUAL MODE:

1. METHOD OF STARTING THE MOTOR:

 The field rheostat is kept in minimum resistance position.

 Then the pot meter is rotated in clock wise gradually thus increasing the speed.
 In maximum position of the pot meter, motor is expected to reach slightly lesser than
its rated speed.
 Now the field is weakened by increasing the field rheostat and the speed is brought to
the rated speed as required for the respective test setup.

2. DATA READ OUT/RECORDING PROCEDURES:

 Depending upon the test setup all the relevant data like voltages, currents, speed and
force are read out from the respective panel meters and noted down.
 Even in the manual mode of control the same data whatever is available on the panel
meters can also be seen on the computer mimic diagram if the computer and
PLC/Micro controller are kept in ON condition.
 This data at the end of the experiment can also be exported to the system memory
with the required student information for further analysis and records.

PLC/MICRO CONTROLLER MODE:

1. METHOD OF STARTING THE MOTOR:

 The field rheostat is kept in minimum resistance position.
 Then using the mouse and the curser,
 PLC/CONTROLLER mode is selected from mimic diagram.
 Then motor start button is pressed
 Speed is increased gradually by increasing the drive output voltage till the
rated armature voltage is reached as read by the respected panel meter and the
computer display.
 Now the field is weakened by increasing the field rheostat and the speed is brought to
the rated speed as required for the respective test setup.
2. DATA READ OUT/RECORDIND PROCEDURES:
 Depending upon the test setup all the relevant data like voltages, currents, speed and
force are read out are available on the mimic display

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

 The data at required instant of the experiment is logged by going to the data log in
page and clicking on the data logger icon
 After collecting relevant experimental data in the DIAVIEW screen, the file is
exported to system memory with the required student information for further analysis
and records.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 01
DATE :
LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM: To perform Load test on given 3-phase Induction Motor and obtain the
characteristics of the motor from the test observations.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.NO Specifications Ratings

1 Voltage 415V
2 Current 7.39Amps
3 Output 5H.P
4 R.P.M 1430
5 Cycle 50Hz
6 Connection Δ

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO Name of The Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1. Ammeter Digital (0-10) A 1
2. Voltmeter Digital (0-600 )V 1
3. Wattmeter Digital 600V,10A,UPF 2
4. Tachometer Digital (0-3000)RPM 1
5. Connecting wires Copper 1.5Sqmm required

THEORY:
A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator, rotor & other associated parts. In the
stator, a 3- phase winding (provided) are displaced in spaceby120. A 3- phase current is fed to
the winding so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is generated. The rotor starts rotating due to
the induction effect produced due the relative velocity between the rotor Winding &the rotating
flux.
As a general rule, conversion of electrical energy to mechanical
energy takes place in to the rotating part on electrical motor. In DC motors, electrical
power is conduct directly to the armature, i.e, rotating part through brushes and

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

commutator. Hence, in this sense, a DC motor can be called as 'conduction motor'.

However, in AC motors, rotor does not receive power by conduction but by

induction in exactly the same way as secondary of a two winding T/F receives its power
from the primary. So, these motors are known as Induction motors. In fact an induction
motor can be taken as rotating T/F, i.e, one in which primary winding is stationary and
but the secondary is free.
The starting torque of the Induction motor can be increase by improving its p.f
by adding external resistance in the rotor circuit from the stator connected rheostat, the
rheostat resistance being progressively cut out as the motor gathers speed. Addition of
external resistance increases the rotor impedance and so reduces the rotor current. At
first, the effect of improved pre dominates the current decreasing effect of impedance.
So, starting torque is increased. At time of starting, external resistance is kept at
maximum resistance position and after a certain time, the effect of increased
impedance predominates the effect of improved p.f and so the torque starts decreasing.
By this during running period the rotor resistance being progressively cut-out as the
motor attains its speed. In this way, it is possible to get good starting torque as well as
good running torque.

THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

Torque on the pulley(T)=9.81*S*r N-m

Where S=S1-S2

S1, S2 are load cell Readings in Kg

Where ‘r’ is the radius of the pulley in meters

Power Output=2πNT/60 Watts

Power Input=(W1+W2) Watts

Where W1 &W2 are the wattmeter readings.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

%Efficiency(%η)=(Output/Input)*100

Synchronous speed(Ns)=120*f/p.

Where f is frequency of supply in Hz ‘p’ is no. of poles.

% Slip= (Ns-N)/Ns *100.

Where ‘N’ is the rotor speed in rpm.

Power factor (cosΦ) = (W1+W2)/√3 VI

Where V is the Voltage across the motor & ‘I’ is the current drawn from the motor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

2) Check the belt on the pulley is free so that there is no load on pulley.
3) Close MCB& start the motor slowly using the auto transformer starter
and run the motor at rated speed by giving the rated voltage.
4) Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter and speed at no-load.
5) Apply load on the pulley gradually in steps tightening belt around it.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

6) Take the readings of ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter connected to the

motor and two load cells readings and speed at every step.
7) Continue the experiment till full load of the motor is reached
8) Remove the load and switch off the supply
9) Tabulate the observations

PRECAUTIONS:
1) At the time of starting the motor should be in no-load condition.
2) Cool the pulley by using water while the experiment is performed.

OBSERVATIONS:
Table 1:
WattmeterReading Load Cells
Reading Output
Voltage Current Speed Torque (T) (watts)
9.81*(S1-S2) r 2πNT/
(V) (I) (N) %η
W1+W2 N-m 60
S.NO W1 W2 S
(I/P)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

Table 2:
I/P
S.NO Voltage(V) Current(I) Speed(N) % Slip Power P.F(Cos Φ)
(W1+W2 )

EXPECTED GRAPHS:

DRAW THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS:

1. Explain why the locus of the induction motor current is a circle.

2. What is the difference between the transformer equivalent circuit and
induction motor equivalent circuit?
3. What are the reasons in conducting no-load test with rated voltage and
blocked- rotor test withrated current?
4. Why do you choose LPF wattmeter in load test and hpf wattmeter in blocked rotor
test?
5. How do you reverse the direction of rotation of induction motor?
6. What are the various applications of this motor?

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 02
DATE :
EQUIVALENT CIURCUIT AND PRE-DETERMINATION OF
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF 1-Ф INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM: To conduct no load and blocked rotor tests and to find equivalent circuit parameters
and performance characteristics

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Parameter 1Ф-InductionMotor

Rated Power 1HP

Rated Voltage 230V

Rated Current 6A

Rated Speed 1430

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No Name of Range Type Qty.

Apparatus
1 Voltmeter 0-300 Digital
2 Ammeter 5A Digital
3 Wattmeter 300V,2A,LPF Digital
4 Wattmeter 75V,5A,UPF Digital

5 Connecting wires

THEORY:

A 1-Ф induction motor consists of stator, rotor and other associated parts. In the rotor

of a single phase winding is provided. The windings ofa1 -Ф winding (provided)are

displaced in space by120º.A single phase current is fed to the windings so that a
resultant rotating magnetic flux is generated. The rotor starts rotating due to the

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

induction effect produced due to the relative velocity between the rotor winding and
the rotating flux.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NOLOAD TEST ON SNGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR:

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON SNGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD TEST:

1. The circuit connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Be sure that variac (auto transformer) is set to zero output voltage position before
starting the experiment.

3. Now switch ON the supply and close MCB.

4. The variac is varied slowly, until rated voltage is applied to motor and rated speed is
obtained.
5. Take the readings of Ammeter, Voltmeter and wattmeter in a tabular column.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

1. To conduct blocked rotor test, necessary meters are connected to suit the
full load conditionsof the motor.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

3. Before starting the experiment variac (auto transformer) is set to zero output voltage
position.

4. The rotor (shaft) of the motor is held tight with the rope around the brake drum.

5. Switch ON the supply, and variac is gradually varied till the rated current
flows in theinduction motor.
6. Readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter, and wattmeter are noted in a tabular column.

7. The variac is brought to zero output voltage position after the experiment
is done, and switchOFF the supply.
8. Loosen the rope after the experiment is done.

PRECAUTIONS:
NO LOAD TEST:

1 Initially MCB is kept open.

2 Autotransformer is kept at minimum potential position.
3 The machines must be started on no load.
BLOCKEDROTOR TEST:

1 Initially the MCB is kept open.

2 Autotransformer is kept at minimum position.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

3 The machine must be started at full load (blocked rotor). Reff=1.5*Rdc

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

FORMULAE:

NO LOAD TEST:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

BLOCKEDROTOR TEST:

TABULAR COLUMNS
NO LOAD TEST:

S.No. Vo(volts) Io(amps) Wo (watts)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

BLOCKEDROTOR TEST:
S.No. Vsc (volts) Isc (amps) Wsc(watts)

EQIVALENT CIRCUIT:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS:

1 What are the difficulties in starting single phase induction motor?

2 What are the commonly employed methods of starting a
starting single phase induction motor?
3 What are the applications of starting single phase induction motor?

4 A capacitor start single phase induction motor will usually have a power
factor of

5 A capacitor start, capacitor run single phase induction motor is basically a

6 The torque developed by a split phase motor is proportional to

7 A capacitor start single phase induction motor is switched on

the supply with its capacitor replaced by an inductor of
equivalent reactance value. It will

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 03
DATE :
SCOTT CONNECTION OF SINGLE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To perform the scott connection of 1-phase transformer and converting 3-phase supply
into 2-phase supply voltage

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.No Specification Range

1 Voltage 230/115V

2 Current 13A
3 Cycles 50Hz.
4 Output 3KVA

5 Phase 1-phase

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1. Transformer 2KVA 2
2. Teaser transformer 2KVA 100%,86.6%,50% 1
0% Tappings
3. Voltmeter (0-600)V Digital 2
4. Voltmeter (0-300)V Digital 2
5. Ammeter (0-10)A Digital 2
6. Ammeter (0-5)A Digital 3
7. Connecting wires - - required

THEORY:
Conversion from three phase supply to two phase supply is achieved through
Scott (or) tree connections of two phase transformers. This 3Ф phase to two phase
conversion is commonly used in electric furnace installations where it intended to run

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

two single phase furnaces together and draw a balanced load from a three phase supply
system. Two specially tapped transformers are required for this purpose. One is called
the main transformer which has a centre-tapped primary. The other is called the teaser
transformer and has a primary voltage rating of the main transformer primary. The
secondary of both transformers have equal voltage ratings.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Ensure that output voltage of the variac is set in zero position before starting the
experiment.
3. Switch ON the supply.
4. The output voltage of the variac is gradually increased in steps upto rated voltage of
single phase MAIN transformer and readings are correspondingly taken in steps.
5. Enter the readings in tabular column.
6. After observations, the variac is brought to zero position and switch OFF the supply

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS:

1 What is Scott connection of transformer?

2 What is the application of Scott connection?
3 How do you parallel two single phase transformers?
4 What will happen if two transformers are connected in parallel with
unequal impedances?

5 How do you parallel a transformer?

6 Why potential transformers are connected in parallel?

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 04
DATE :

REGULATION OF AN ALTERNATOR BY SYNCHRONOUS IMPEDANCEMETHOD

AIM: To determine the regulation of a 3-phase alternator by using synchronous impedance

method method.
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Specifications Motor Alternator

Rated voltage 220V 415V
Rated Current 19A 4.2A
Rated Power 5H.P. 3KVA
Rated Speed 1500rpm 1500rpm
Type of connection Shunt Star

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Range Type Quantity

apparatus
1 Voltmeter (0-300)V Digital 1
2 Ammeter (0-5)A Digital 1
3 Ammeter (0-2)A Digital 1
4 Rheostat 300 Ω/2A Digital 1
5 Tachometer (0-3000)rpm Digital 1
6 Connecting wires -- -- Required

THEORY:

The regulation of a 3-phase alternator may be predetermined by conducting the Open

Circuit (OC) and the Short Circuit (SC) tests. The methods employed for determination of
regulation are EMF or synchronous impedance method, MMF or Ampere Turns method and the
ZPF or Potier triangle method. In this experiment, the EMF and MMF methods are used.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

The OC and SC graphs are plotted from the two tests. The synchronous
impedance is found from the OC test. The regulation is then determined at different
power factors by calculations using vector diagrams. The EMF method is also called
pessimistic method as the value of regulation obtained N is N much more than the
actual value. The MMF method is also called optimistic method as the value of
regulation obtained is much less than the actual value. In the MMF method the
armature leakage reactance is treated as an additional armature reaction. In both
methods the OC and SC test data are utilized.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROCEDURE (EMF):

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Before starting the experiment, the potential divider network in the

alternator field circuit and field regulator rheostat of motor circuit is set
minimum resistance position.

3. Switch ON the supply, and start the DC motor using drive control unit.

4. Adjust the field rheostat of DC motor to attain rated speed (equal to

synchronous speed ofalternator)

5. By decreasing the field resistance of Alternator, the excitation

current of alternator isincreased gradually in steps.

6. Note the readings of field current, and its corresponding armature

voltage in a tabular column.

7. The voltage readings are taken upto and 10% beyond the rated voltage of the
machine.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST:

1. For Short circuit test, before starting the experiment the potential divider is
brought back to zerooutput position, i.e., resistance should be zero in value.

2. Now close the MCB.

3. The excitation of alternator is gradually increased in steps until rated current

flows in the machine and note down the readings of excitation current and
load current (short circuit current)

4. Switch OFF the supply.

OBSERVATIONS:

O.C. Test
S.NO Field Current(If) No-Load Voltage (Vo)
(Amps) (Volts)

S.C.Test
Field Current(If)(Amps) Short Circuit current(Isc)
S.NO
(amps)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

EMF METHOD:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PRECAUTIONS:

1. At the time of starting the field rheostat of motor should be in minimum position
and field rheostat of an alternator should be in maximum position
RESULT:

VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS:

1) Define Voltage Regulation of an Alternator?

2) Define Synchronous Impedance?
3) On which factors Voltage regulation depends on?
4) Why synchronous impedance method is called pessimistic method?
5) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of finding regulation
of an alternator by synchronous impedance method(indirect
method)and by direct loading method.
6) Explain about the salient pole and non salient pole rotors of an alternator?
7) What is the another name of Synchronous Impedance method?
8) Explain the different methods used for finding the regulation of an alternator?
9) Why regulation up is considered for Alternator?
10) Why the Alternator is called Synchronous Generator

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 05
DATE :

REGULATION OF AN ALTERNATOR BY MMF METHOD

AIM: To determine the regulation of a 3-phase alternator by using MMF method.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Specifications Motor Alternator

Rated voltage 220V 415V
Rated Current 19A 4.2A
Rated Power 5H.P. 3KVA
Rated Speed 1500rpm 1500rpm
Type of connection Shunt Star

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Range Type Quantity

apparatus
1 Voltmeter (0-300)V Digital 1
2 Ammeter (0-5)A Digital 1
3 Ammeter (0-2)A Digital 1
4 Rheostat 300 Ω/2A Digital 1
5 Tachometer (0-3000)rpm Digital 1
6 Connecting wires -- -- Required

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE (MMF):
1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2) Give the supply to the dc-motor by closing the MCB.
3) Start the dc-motor with the help of Drive control unit.
4) By adjusting the field rheostat, bring the motor at rated speed of alternator.
O.C.Test
1) by opening the o/p of the alternator and adjusting the excitation
gradually note down voltmeter & ammeter readings.
2) Repeat the above procedure till the 125% of the rated voltage.

S.C.Test:
1) Short ckt the open terminals of the alternator by thick wire.
2) Gradually increase the excitation current and take both ammeter’s readings.
3) Repeat the above procedure till the 125% of the rated current.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

OBSERVATIONS:

O.C. Test

S.NO Field Current(If)(Amps) No-Load Voltage (Vo)(Volts)

S.C.Test

Field Current(If)(Amps) Short Circuit current(Isc)

S.NO
(amps)

MMF METHOD:
𝐼𝑓1 Corresponds to drop of (𝑉𝑝ℎ + 𝐼𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑅𝑎 cos ∅)
𝐼𝑓2 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

If =√𝐼𝑓12 + 𝐼𝑓22 + 2𝐼𝑓1𝐼𝑓2 cos⌊180° − (90 ± ∅)⌋

𝐸 −𝑉
Regulation= 𝑝ℎ 𝑝ℎ × 100
𝑉𝑝ℎ

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXPECTED GRAPH:

PRECAUTIONS:

1. At the time of starting the field rheostat of motor should be in minimum position
and field rheostat of an alternator should be in maximum position

RESULT:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 06
DATE :
V & INVERTED V CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

AIM: To obtain V and inverted V curves of a synchronous motor.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.NO Specifications Ratings

1 Voltage 415V
2 Power 3kVA
3 current 4.2A
4 Speed 1500RPM

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the apparatus Range Type Quatity

1. Ammeter (0-2)A Digital 1
2. Ammeter (0-10)A Digital 1
3. Voltmeter (0-600)V Digital 1
4. Wattmeter 600V,10A Digital 1
5. Tachometer (0-3000)rpm Digital 1
6. Rheostat 220Ω/2A Wire wound 2
7. Connecting wires - required

THEORY:

The variation of field current effects the power factor at which the synchronous
motor operates. For a synchronous motor, the armature current phasor is given by Ia=V-
E where V is the applied voltage .From the above equation it is clear that the magnitude
and phase angle of phasor Ia depends upon the value of DC excitation. When the syn.
Motor is operated at constant load with variable field excitation, it is observed that:
1. When the excitation is low, the armature current is lag in nature & the magnitude
iscomparatively high.
2. If the excitation is gradually increased, the magnitude of Ia is gradually decreasing

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

and the angle of lag is gradually reduced.

3. At one particular excitation, the magnitude of Ia corresponding to that load in

minimumand vector will be in phase with V vector.

5. If the excitation is further increased, the magnitude of Ia again gradually increased and
Ia, vector goes to leading state and the angle of load is also gradually increased.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROCEDURE:
1) Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2) Before starting the synchronous motor, field terminals are left open.
3) Start synchronous motor by using 3-phase variac.
4) Adjust 3phase variac until it reaches rated voltage.
5) Field Terminals are connected to X, XX of Excitation unit.
6) Close MCB of excitation circuit by gradually increasing the excitation, note
down the values ofammeter and wattmeter readings.
7) Repeat experiment until armature current reaches 125% of rated current.
8) Gradually decrease excitation and switch off supply
9) Tabulate the readings.
OBSERVATIONS:
S.No. Field Armature current(Ia) Wattmeter CosΦ=
Current(If) (Amps) (P) (Watts)
P/(√3*V*I)
(Amps)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXPECTED GRAPHS:

RESULT:

VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS:
1 What is V curve and inverted V curve?
2 What happens when the field current of a synchronous motor is increased beyond the
normal value at Constant input?
3 Inverted V-curves for a synchronous motor show---------
4 In synchronous generator if excitations is increase leading P.F then armature current will
be------
5 In synchronous if excitations is increase lag P.F then armature current will be-------
6 The induced emf in a synchronous motor working on leading pf will be ------
7In a synchronous motor, the armature current has the highest value when excitation is ---

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 07
DATE :
NO LOAD & BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON 3- ɸ INDUTION MOTOR

AIM: To conduct no load and blocked rotor test on given 3-phase induction motor, to predetermine
the efficiency and to draw the equivalent circuit diagram.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.NO Specifications Ratings

1 Voltage 415V
2 current 7.5Amps
3 output 5H.P
4 R.P.M 1430
5 cycle 50Hz
6 connection Δ(Delta)

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Type Range Quantity

apparatus
1 Ammeter Digital (0-10)A 1
2 Ammeter Digital (0-2)A 1
3 Voltmeter Digital (0-600)V 1
4 Voltmeter Digital (0-30)V 1
5 Wattmeter Digital 600V,5A,LPF 2
6 Wattmeter Digital 150V,10A,UPF 2
7 Tachometer Digital (0-300)rpm 1
8 Connecting wires - required

THEORY:
A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator, rotor & other associated parts. In the stator,
a 3- phase winding (provided) are displaced in spaceby120. A 3- phase current is fed to the
winding so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is generated. The rotor starts rotating due to the
induction effect produced due the relative velocity between the rotor Winding &the rotating flux

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

As a general rule, conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy takes

place in to the rotating part on electrical motor. In DC motors, electrical power is
conduct directly to the armature, i.e, rotating part through brushes and commutator.
Hence, in this sense, a DC motor can be called as 'conduction motor'.

However, in AC motors, rotor does not receive power by conduction but by

induction in exactly the same way as secondary of a two winding T/F receives its
power from the primary. So, these motors are known as Induction motors. In fact an
induction motor can be taken as rotating T/F, i.e, one in which primary winding is
stationary and but the secondary is free.
The starting torque of the Induction motor can be increase by improving its p.f
by adding external resistance in the rotor circuit from the stator connected rheostat,
the rheostat resistance being progressively cut out as the motor gathers speed.
Addition of external resistance increases the rotor impedance and so reduces the rotor
current. At first, the effect of improved pre dominates the current decreasing effect of
impedance. So, starting torque is increased. At time of starting, external resistance is
kept at maximum resistance position and after a certain time, the effect of increased
impedance predominates the effect of improved p.f and so the torque starts
decreasing. By this during running period the rotor resistance being progressively cut-
out as the motor attains its speed. In this way, it is possible to get good starting torque
as well as good running torque.

THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

NO LOAD TEST:
No load power factor CosΦo = Wo/( Vo*Io)
Where Wo = Power input per phase on no load in Watts.
Vo = Rated applied voltage per phase on no load in Volts.
Io = No load current per phase in Amps.

No load working component of current(Iw) = IoCosΦo

No load magnetizing component of current (Iμ) = IoSinΦo
No load resistance = (Ro) = Vo/ Iw No load

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

reactance = (Xo) = Vo/Iμ

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Motor equivalent impedance per phase referred to stator (Zsc) = Vsc/ Isc in ohms.
Motor equivalent resistance per phase referred to stator (Rsc) = Wsc/(Isc2). in ohms.
Motor equivalent reactance per phase referred to stator (Xsc) = √(Zsc2- Rsc2) in ohms.
Where Wsc = short circuit power per phase in Watts.
Isc = short circuit current per phase in Amps.
Vsc = short circuit voltage per phase in Volts.
Rotor resistance per phase referred to stator R2'= Rsc – R1 ohms

Rotor reactance per phase referred to stator

X2' = Xsc/2 = X1 ohms.

Where R1 = stator resistance per phase in ohms.

X1= stator reactance per phase in ohms.

Equivalent load resistance (RL') = R2' (1/s – 1) in ohms.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. For no-load test apply the rated voltage by adjusting the auto
transformer and note down ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter readings. In
this test rotor is free to rotate.
3. For blocked rotor test apply the rated current by adjusting the auto
transformer & note down ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter readings. In this
test rotor is blocked.
4. Find the stator resistance by using ammeter voltmeter method.
5. Switch OFF the supply.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The auto transformer should be kept in minimum position.
2. At the time of starting stator winding should be in connected in delta.

OBSERVATIONS:

No-Load test:
S.No. Open Ckt No load W1 W2 Open kt power Φ0=Cos-1(W0/√3 V0*I0)
Voltage (Volt) current W0=W1+W2
(amp) (Watt)

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Short Circuit Short Short circuit

S.No. Voltage Circuit W1 W2 power Wsc=
Φsc=Cos-1(Wsc/√3 Vsc*Isc)
(Volt) current W1 +W2
(amp) (Watt)

MODEL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

Viva-Voice Questions

1) The power factor of an induction motor decreases as the applied voltage is

increased Explainthis with the help of a phasor diagram.
2) Express the no-load stator current corresponding to rated stator voltage as a
%of rated full load current.
3) State the frequency of the rotor induced emf when the rotor is (a) rotating at a slip of
(S) and
(b) blocked, the stator supply frequency is 50HZ.

4) Show how you can calculate the efficiency of an induction motor from
the results of copper losses in the windings.
5) What is the difference between the LPF and UPF Watt meters?
6) Under blocked rotor condition, the frequency of rotor currents in a 50Hz,3-Ф
induction motor?
7) What are the advantages of indirect testing over the direct testing of an induction
motor?
8) Why the LPF watt meters are used in no-load test?
9) What is the reading of the wattmeter, when the p.f. is less than 0.5 lag.
10) What is the slip value at no-load?

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 08
DATE :
SUMPNER’S TEST ON TWO IDENTICAL 1-PHASE TRANSFORMERS

AIM: To conduct Sumpner’s test on a given two identical 1-Phase transformers and
predetermination of

1) Efficiency 2) Regulation 3) Equivalent circuit parameters.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.No Specification Rating

1 Voltage 220/110 V
2 Current 8.7A
3 Cycles 50Hz
4 Output 2KVA
5 Phase 1-Phase

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name Of The Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1) Ammeter MI (0-20 )A 1
2) Ammeter MI (0-2.5)A 1
3) Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1
4) Voltmeter MI (0-30)V 1
5) Wattmeter Dynamo 300V,5A,LPF 1
6) Wattmeter Dynamo 75V,10A,UPF 1
7) Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1
8) 1-Phase Auto - 230V/(0-270)V 2
Transformer
9) Connecting Wires - (0-20)A Required

THEORY:
This test is also called Heat Run Test. Two identical transformers are required to
conduct this test. This is an indirect test similar to the OC & SC tests in transformers.
Sumpner’s test is a combination of both OC& SC tests from the result of this test

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

parameters of equivalent circuit, the efficiency & Regulation of each transformer can be
determined. In addition to the above parameters, temperature rise in the transformers can
also be determined since the transformers are subjected to full load copper loss & core loss.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

OC-TEST:

No-Load power factor (cosΦ0) = (W0/2) (V0/(I0/2))

WhereW0 = Open circuit power in Watts

V 0= Open circuit Voltage in Volts

I0 = Open circuit Current in Amps

No-Load working component of current (Iw) = (I0/2)*cosΦ0

No-Load magnetizing component of current (Iu) = (I0/2)*sinΦ0

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

SC-TEST:

Equivalent impedance referred to HV side (Z02 ) = ( (Vsc/2)/Isc) ohm

s
Equivalent Resistance referred to HV side (R 02 )=

Equivalent Reactance referred to HV side (X02 ) = √( Z 2 - R 2 ) ohm

02 02

Where Wsc = Short Circuit Power in watts

Vsc = Short Circuit Voltage in volts

Isc = Short Circuit Current in Amps.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

Equivalent Circuit of 1-phase transformer referred to LV side:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

Efficiency & Regulation Of 1-phase transformer.

Output power= (X*KVA* CosΦ0 )
Where X = Fraction of load
KVA = power rating of transformer
CosΦ0 = power factor
Iron losses(Wi )= W0/2

Copper losses of each transformer (Wcu ) = X2 * Wsc/2

Efficiency of each transformer= (Output power/ Output power+ losses) * 100

Regulation Of each transformer = (X.Isc[ R02Cos Φ±X02Sin Φ]/ V2*) 100

Where “ +” for lagging.

“- “ for leading.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PROCEDURE:

1) Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

2) Initially kept SPSTs switch to be open & give supply to primarily by closing MCB.
3) By adjusting auto transformer apply rated voltage across primaries.
4) If the voltmeter connected across SPST s voltage reads zero then close the switch.
If not interchange the connections of any one of the transformer winding is ensure
that voltmeter reading should be zero.
5) By adjusting Booster transformer pass rated current through high voltage side.
6) Note down the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter & wattmeter.
7) Slowly bring the auto transformer to the initial position and switch off the supply.
PRECAUTIONS:

1. MCB & SPST switch should be kept in open while making connections

2. Make connections tightly.

3. The SPSTs Should kept open till the voltage across the SPSTs is brought to zero.

4. High voltage & low voltage sides of the transformer should be properly used as

primary or secondaryrespective to the experiments.

OBSERVATIONS:
OC Test SC Test

V0(Volts) I0/2(amps) W0/2(Watts) Vsc/2(volts) Isc(amps) Wsc/2(watts)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

TABULATION TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY:

CosΦ Fractinal load O/P Iron losses Cu losses Total losses %η
(X) (watts) (Wi) (Wcu)

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
TABULATION TO FIND OUT THE REGULATION:

Fraction of load (X) P.F(CosΦ) %Reg(lag) %Reg(lead)

EXPECTED GRAGHS.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

RESULT:

VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS:

1. what is sumpner’s test

2. When secondaries are connected in phase opposition, power drawn by the circuit is
equal to----
3. Total power required for Sumpner’s test is given by----
4. why sumpner’s is called heat run test and back to back test-----
5. what are the advantages of Sumpner’s test over conventional OC & SC test----
6. While conducting the sumpner’s test, the primaries of the two identical
transformers are connected in parallel across the supply. The secondary’s are
connected in-----
7. In sumpner’s test, the net voltage in the local circuit of secondary’s is------
8. While performing sumpner’s test on transformer, if the secondary’s are not in series
opposition then the meter will read-----

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 09
DATE :
REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR BY ZPF METHOD

AIM: To predetermine the percentage regulation of the given three phase alternator by ZPF
(Potier’s Triangle) Method, by conducting Open Circuit, Short circuit and ZPF test.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Specifications Alternator Motor

Voltage 415V 220V
Current 4.2A 19.5A
Power 3KVA 5H.P.
Speed 1500 1500
Connection Star DC

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of
S. No Range Type Qty.
Apparatus
1 Voltmeter (0—600v) Digital 1
2 Voltmeter (0—150v) Digital 1
3 Ammeter (0—10A) Digital 1

4 Ammeter (0—10A) 1

5 Ammeter (0—2A) 1

6 Rheostat Wire 1
wound

7 Rheostat Wire 1
wound

8 Connecting wires - Required

THEORY:
Regulation is defined as the change in terminal voltage, expressed as a
percentage of the rated voltage, when the load at a given power factor is removed, with

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

speed and field current remaining unchanged. Therefore,

% voltage regulation = (Ef – Vt ) X 100 / Vt
Here, Ef is the no load excitation voltage and Vt is the full load terminal voltage at the
same speed and field excitation. For lagging power factor load, E f always increases and
for leading power factor load, Ef may decrease consequently the voltage regulation may
be positive or negative. Though the use of automatic voltage regulators have curtailed
the importance of computing the voltage regulation of synchronous machines, it is still
worthwhile to know it s value because of the following reasons.

1. When the load is thrown off, the voltage rise must be known, since the winding
insulation should be able to withstand this increased voltage.
2. Voltage regulation determines the type of automatic voltage control equipment
to beused
3. Steady state short circuit condition and stability are affected by voltage regulation.
4. Parallel operation of one alternator with other alternators is affected
considerably by output voltage regulation.

In case of small machines, the voltage regulation can be obtained by actually

loading it. In large machines. It may nor be possible to obtain the voltage regulation by
actual loading. It causes huge amount of wastage of power. Certain simple tests,
involving only small amounts of power are conducted and from these the machine
constants are determined to compute the voltage regulation. One of the method is
described below:

SYNCHRONOUS IMPEDANCE METHOD:

This method, though gives inconsistent results for voltage regulation, it is quite
useful because it introduces the concept of synchronous reactance. This procedure can
be applied to cylindrical rotor synchronous machines only, because the resultant air-gap
flux is not affected by the angular position of the rotor. The iron part of the magnetic
circuit is assumed to have constant permeability i.e., saturation is neglected. This
permits the replacement of mmfs by their corresponding fluxes and therefore, the
corresponding emfs. In short the mmfs can be replaced by their corresponding emfs and

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

it is because of this reason that this procedure of determining voltage regulation is

called the EMF method.
MAGNETO MOTIVE FORCE METHOD (MMF):

The MMF method is also called optimistic method as the value of

regulation obtained is much less than the actual value. In the MMF method the
armature leakage reactance is treated as an additional armature reaction. In both
methods the OC and SC test data are utilized.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

FORMULAE USED:
1. From Poitier triangle BCD, the armature leakage reactance drop is l (DE) Iph *
XL ph = l (DE) x scale.
2. Iph = KVA/(√3* VL) Ampere.
3. (E1 ph)2 = (Vph Cos φ + Iph Ra ph)2 + (Vph Sin φ ± Iph XL ph)2
+ for lag; - for lead.
4. Field excitation If 1 required to induce E1 ph is obtained from open circuit characteristics.

5. The field current If 2 required to balance armature reaction is obtained from Potier
triangle. If 2 = l(BE) x scale

6. Resultant field current, If2 = I2f 1 + I2f 2 – 2 If 1 If 2 Cos (90 ± φ)

+ for lag; - for lead.

7. Obtain Eph corresponding to resultant field current, If from open circuit

characteristics. 8. %regulation =( )x 100

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

TABULATION:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:
S.NO Field Current (If) Open Circuit Line Open Circuit Phase
(Amp) Voltage (Voc)L Voltage (Voc) ph =
(Volts) (Voc)L / √3
(Volts)

SHORT CIRCUIT AND ZPF TEST:

Short Circuit Test Zero Power Factor Test
S.NO Field Current Short Circuit Field Rated Rated
(If)(Amp) Current Current Armature Armature
(Isc)(Amp) (If) current Voltage
(Amp) (Ia)(Amp) (Volt)

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

PRECAUTION:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept in minimum resistance position.
2. The alternator field rheostat should be in the maximum resistance position.
3. Initially all switches are in open position.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given by closing MCB.
3. Observing all the precautions, the motor is started using Drive Control Unit and
the speed is increased until the rated armature voltage (of motor) is reached. At
this instant the speed would be slightly lesser than the rated speed.
4. Now by adjusting the field rheostat, the motor is brought to the rated speed.
5. Conduct an open circuit test by varying the potential divider for various
of field current andtabulate the corresponding open circuit voltage
readings.
6. Conduct a short circuit test by closing the MCB and adjust the potential
divider to set the rated armature current and tabulate the corresponding field
current.

7. Conduct a ZPF test by adjusting inductive load with zero power and tabulate the
readings until full load current.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE POTIER TRIANGLE:

1.Draw the open circuit characteristics curve (generated voltage per phase Vs field current)

2.Mark the point A at X-axis, which is obtained from short circuit test with full load
armature current.
3.From the ZPF test, mark the point B for the field current to the corresponding rated
armature current and the rated voltage.
4.Draw the ZPF curve which passing through the point A and B in such a way parallel to the
opencircuit characteristics curve.
5.Draw the tangent for the OCC from the origin (i.e.,) air gap line.

6.Draw the line BC from B towards Y axis, which is parallel and equal to OA.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

7.Draw the parallel line for the tangent from C to the OCC curve.

8.Join the point B and D. Also drop a perpendicular line DE to BC. Line DE represent
armature leakage reactance drop (IXL) and BE represent armature reaction excitation.
MODEL GRAPH:

MODEL GRAPH FOR % REGULATION:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

TABULATION FOR % REGULATION:

S.NO Power E1 ph Volts If 1 (A) If 2 If Eph (V) %
factor (A) (A) Regulation
Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead
1 0.1
2 0.2
3 0.3
4 0.4
5 0.5
6 0.6
7 0.7
8 0.8
9 0.9
10 1

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS:

1 Which of the following voltage regulation method is accurate ?

2 In which of the following, voltage regulation may be zero or negative

3 Consider a purely inductive load connected to the alternator having zero lagging
power factor. In this case the effect of armature reaction will be

4 In an alternator, the voltage regulation will be positive when the power factor of the
load is

5 On unity power factor, the terminal voltage of an alternator is

6 Which method for finding percentage regulation in synchronous machines is called

pessimistic method?

7 For high capacity alternators, which method is not suitable for finding percentage
regulation?
8 For finding voltage regulation of an alternator, the method which gives most accurate
result is

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 10
DATE :

DETERMINATION OF Xd & Xq OF A SALIENT POLESYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

AIM: To find Xd & Xq of given salient pole synchronous machine by conducting slip test.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Specifications Alternator DC Motor

Voltage 415V 220V
Current 4.2A 19.5A
Power 3KVA 5H.P.
Speed 1500 RPM 1500 RPM
Connection Star Shunt

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Range Type Quantity

apparatus
1. Ammeter (0-10)A Digital 1
2. Voltmeter (0-600)V Digital 1
3. 3-Φ variac 415-470V,10A - 1
4. Tacho meter (0-3000)rpm Digital 1
5. Voltmeter (0-300)V Digital 1
6. Ammeter (0-2)A Digital 1
7. Connecting wires - - required

THEORY:
In a salient pole alternator, the reactance of magnetic circuit along is along its quad stator axis.
The alternator is driven by auxiliary prime mover at a speed slightly less than the synchronous
speed under these conditions. The armature current is when the armature current mmf is in line
with the field poles. The reactance by the magnetic field current is minimum. The ratio of
maximum voltage to minimum current gives the direct axis impedance and the ratio of
minimum voltage to maximum current gives the armature axis impedance.

The values of X d & Xq are determined by conducting the slip-test. The syn.
machine is driven by a separate prime mover at a speed slightly different from
synchronous speed. The field winding is left open and positive sequence balanced

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

voltages of reduced magnitude (around 25%of the rated value) and of rated frequency
and impressed across the armature terminals. Here, the relative velocity b/w the field
poles and the rotating armature mmf wave is equal to the difference b/w syn. speed
and the rotor speed i.e, the slip speed. When the rotor is along the d-axis, then it has a
position of min reluctance, min flux linkage and max flux produced links with the
winding. Then Xd=(max. armature terminal voltage/ph) /(min. armature current/ph)As
the current is small then Vt will be high as drop will be small. When the rotor is along
q-axis, then it is max, then the flux linkage would be max. Then The min flux produced
links with winding. So max emf. Xq=(min. armature terminal voltage/ph) /(max.
armature current/ph)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. By keeping 3-ɸ variac at minimum position and MCB in open position.
3. Observing all the precautions, the motor is started using Drive Control Unit and the
speed is increased until the rated armature voltage (of motor) is reached. At this
instant the speed would be slightly lesser than the rated speed.
4. Now by adjusting the field rheostat, the motor is brought to the rated speed.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

5. With field winding left open, a positive sequence balanced voltages of reduced
magnitude (around 25% of rated Value) and of rated frequency are impressed across the
armature terminals.
6. The prime mover (DC motor) speed is adjusted till ammeter and voltmeters pointers
swing slowlybetween maximum and minimum positions.
7. Under this condition , readings of maximum and minimum values of both ammeter
andvoltmeter are recorded
PRECAUTIONS:
1) Motor field rheostat should kept in minimum position

2) Direction of rotation due to prime mover & due to alternator run as motor should be
same.

3) Initially all switches are kept open.

OBSERVATIONS:
Xd = Vmax/Imin
S.No. Imin Imax Vmin Vmax Xq =Vmin/Imax

1.

RESULT:

VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS:
1 The d- Axis Reactance is determined by?
2 Slip test is use to determine?
3 During slip test it will be observed that (Swing of ammeter or voltmeter)?
4 Slip test must be conducted at low armature terminal voltage. This is
due to?

5 In which one of the following is reluctance power developed?

6 What is meant by two reaction theory?
7 Why we do take speed less than synchronous speed in slip test?

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXP.NO: 11
DATE :
O.C & S.C TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To conduct O.C. & S.C. test on a given transformer and predeterminations of

1) Efficiency,
2) Regulation,
3) Equivalent circuit

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

S.NO Specifications Ratings

1 Voltage 220/110v
2 output 3kVA
3 cycle 50Hz
4 phase 1-ɸ

APPARATURS REQUIRED:

S.No. Equipment Type Range Quantity

1. Ammeter DIGITAL (0-2)A 1
2. Ammeter DIGITAL (0-20)A 1
3. Voltmeter DIGITAL (0-300)V 1
4. Voltmeter DIGITAL (0-150)V 1
5. Wattmeter DIGITAL 300V,2A,LPF 1
6. Wattmeter DIGITAL 75V,20A,UPF 1
7. 1- Φ auto transformer - 230/(0-270)V,2KVA 1
8. Connecting wires Copper 1.5sqmm Required

THEORY:

These two tests on a transformer helps to find determine

1. The parameters of equivalent circuit

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

2. The voltage regulation

3. Efficiency

Complete analysis of the transformer can be carried out once it’s equivalent circuit parameters
are known. The power required during these two tests is equal to the appropriate power loss
occurring in the transformer
O.C.TEST:

This test is conducted by opening the HV side of a transformer. The core loss of
the transformer can be determined from this test. It also gives the no-load current I0,
which is used to calculate the parameters R0, Xm of the magnetizing circuit. The
transformer is connect as indicated in the ckt diagram. One of the windings usually the
low voltage winding is connected to the supply voltage source while the high voltage
winding is kept open..This ensure magnification of the no-load current I0 , The rated
voltage applied to the transformer using auto- transformer, the ammeter gives the total
power loss and the ratio of voltmeter readings V1/V2 gives the ratio of the turns.

No load power factor (CosΦ0) = W0/( I0 * V1)

Where W0 = open ckt power in watts

I0 = Open ckt current in Amps
V1 =Open ckt voltage in Volts

No- load working component of current (Iw) = I0 Cos Φ0

No-load working magnetizing component of current (Iµ ) = I0 Sin Φ0

R0 =V0/ Iw in ohms
X0 = V0/ Iµ in ohms

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

S.C. TEST:
This test gives the full load copper loss. In this test, secondary side low voltage
winding is short circuited. A small voltage applied to the primary and increased carefully
till the current (Isc) in the primary winding reaches the rated full-load value. Under these
conditions, the copper loss inthe in the winding is same as that on full load.

Equivalent impedance referred to HV side Z02 = Vsc/Isc in ohms.

Equivalent resistance referred to HV side R02 = Wsc/I 2sc in ohms.
Equivalent reactance referred to HV side X02 =√(Z202- R202) in ohms

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

Equivalent circuit of 1-φ transformer referred to lv side:

(CosΦ0 ) = W0/( I0 *
V1)(Iw) = I0 Cos Φ0
(Iµ ) = I0 Sin Φ0

Z02 = Vsc/Isc , R02 = Wsc/I2sc,

X02 =√(Z202- R202)
Transformation ratio (K) = V2/V1
Equivalent resistance referred to LV side (R01 ) = R02 / K2
Equivalent reactance referred to LV side (X01 ) = X02/K2

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

Efficiency & Regulation of 1- Φ transformer:

Output power = (X*KVA*Cos Φ)

Where X = fraction of load. (X=1/4,1/2,3/4,1)

KVA = power rating of transformer, Cos

Φ = power factor Iron losses (Wi) = W0
Copper losses (Wcu)= X2*Wsc

Total losses = Cu losses + Iron losses.

Output power
Efficiency = -------------------------- * 100
(output power+ losses)

X.Isc [ R02Cos Φ±X02Sin Φ]

Regulation = * 100
V2

Where “ +” for lagging.

“-” for leading.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OPEN CIRCUIT:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

SHORT CIRCUIT:

PROCEDURE:

Open circuit test:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that variac is set to zero output voltage position before starting the experiment.
3. Switch ON the supply. Now apply the rated voltage to the Primary winding by using
variac.
4. The readings of the Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter are noted down in Tabular
form.
5. Then variac is brought back to minimum position and switch OFF the supply.
6. Calculate Ro and Xo from the readings.

Short Circuit Test:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that variac is set to zero output voltage position before starting the experiment.
3. Switch ON the supply. Now apply the rated current to the Primary winding by using
Variac.
4. The readings of the Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter are noted down in Tabular
form.
5. Then variac is set to zero output position and switch OFF the supply.
6. Calculate R01 and X01 from the readings.

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

OBSERVATIONS:

O.C. Test
S.No. V1(Volts) Io(Amps) Wo(Watts)

S.C.Test:
S.No. Vsc(Volts) Isc(Amps) Wsc(Watts)

TABULATION TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY:

Fractinal load O/P Iron losses Cu losses Total losses %η

(X) (watts) (Wi) (Wcu)

TABULATION TO FIND OUT THE REGULATION:

Fraction of load (X) P.F(CosΦ) %Reg(lag) %Reg(lead)

¼
½
¾
1

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

EXPECTED GRAPHS:

GRAPHS: Plots drawn between

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Electrical Machines – II LAB

RESULT:

VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS:

1. How would you calculate the multiplying factor of a wattmeter?

2. Why should we select LPF & UPF wattmeter’s while conducting OC & SC test?
3. Why Iron losses are considered as negligible while conducting SC test?
4. Why copper losses are considered as negligible while conducting OC test?
5. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of OC & SC test?
6. What are the requirements to be fulfilled while conducting OC & SC tests?
7. Why the no-load power factor of a transformer is small?
8. Why the transformer rating is in KVA?
9. What is the effect of variation of voltage & frequency on Iron Losses?
10. How the Hysteresis & Eddy current losses are reduced?

MRCET EAMCET CODE:MLRD www.mrcet.ac.in