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Du Dir Dir

This document is a grammar lesson focused on Luxembourgish personal pronouns, specifically the different forms of 'you': du, dir, and Dir. It explains the usage of these pronouns based on formality and number, providing examples for clarity. The lesson emphasizes the importance of pronouns in making sentences less cumbersome and highlights their dependence on grammatical cases, number, and gender.

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19 views4 pages

Du Dir Dir

This document is a grammar lesson focused on Luxembourgish personal pronouns, specifically the different forms of 'you': du, dir, and Dir. It explains the usage of these pronouns based on formality and number, providing examples for clarity. The lesson emphasizes the importance of pronouns in making sentences less cumbersome and highlights their dependence on grammatical cases, number, and gender.

Uploaded by

katinator47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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When do you say du, dir or Dir?

A1
This grammar lesson will focus on Luxembourgish personal pronouns and
will provide easy-to-follow examples. Pronouns are an essential element
of Luxembourgish grammar which cannot be ignored or rushed.

Before we have a look at the several different forms of you in


Luxembourgish let's first of all answer the following question:

What is a pronoun?

Simply put, a pronoun is a small word which can be used instead of a


noun. Examples in English would be: mine, he, she, his, you, this, these
etc.

Use a pronoun to make a sentence less cumbersome. Imagine, for


example, always having to use someone's name when talking about them
in a conversation, rather than just being able to say 'he' or 'she'.

All Luxembourgish pronouns are governed by the grammatical cases, the


number (plural or singular) as well as the gender of the noun. All of these
factors can affect the pronoun (change its form).

Luxembourgish pronouns are also split into categories, for examples into
personal pronouns, possessive pronouns or reflexive pronouns etc.

Let us concentrate in this lesson on the personal pronouns.

Personal pronouns
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person. They are small words
which replace nouns, for example: hien, mir, et, si, etc.

They refer to the person(s) speaking, the person(s) spoken to, or the
person(s) spoken about.

© Luxembourgish with Anne. All Rights Reserved www.luxembourgishwithanne.lu


Let's take a look in this lesson at the various ways of saying & writing
'you' in the nominative case.

du, dir & Dir

du
is the singular, informal way of saying you in Luxembourgish. You would
use this when speaking to just one person whom you know on an informal
basis, such as friends, family members, children and people younger than
you.

dir
is the plural, informal way of saying you in Luxembourgish. You would
use this when speaking to two people or more whom you know on an
informal basis.

Dir
is the singular and plural formal way of saying you in Luxembourgish.
You would use this when addressing one or more people whom you do
not know very well, who are in a position of authority or maybe even older
than yourself. For example: a police officer, strangers and your boss. The
formal version of you in Luxembourgish always starts with a capital letter.

Beispiller (examples):

• Vu wou kommt Dir? - Where do you (formal) come from?


• Vu wou kënns du? - Where do you (informal singular) come from?
• Kënnt Dir mir hëllefen, wgl? - Can you (formal) help me, please?
• Kommt dir mat eis? - Do you (informal plural) come with us?
• Wat méchs du haut den Owend? - What are you (informal singular)
doing this evening?
• Wat maacht dir den Owend? - What are you (informal singular)
doing this evening?

© Luxembourgish with Anne. All Rights Reserved www.luxembourgishwithanne.lu


Let's practice:

Translate the following sentences into Luxembourgish:

1. Do you (informal plural) want something to drink?


2. How old are you (informal)?
3. Can you (formal) tell me what it is, please?
4. You (informal) look nice.
5. Where are you (formal plural) going after the meeting?
6. Do you (informal) like eating fish?
7. Do you (formal) like doing sports?
8. You (formal) should go to the doctor.
9. You (informal) are late.
10.Would you (formal plural) like a coffee?

Read the translation below:

© Luxembourgish with Anne. All Rights Reserved www.luxembourgishwithanne.lu


1. Wëlls du eppes drénken?

2. Wéi al bass du?

3. Kënnt Dir mir soen, wéi vill Auer et ass, wgl?

4. Du gesäis flott / schéin aus.

5. Wuer gitt Dir no der Reunioun?

6. Ëss du gär Fësch?

7. Maacht Dir gär Sport?

8. Dir sollt bei den Dokter goen.

9. Du hues Verspéidung.

10.Hätt Dir gär e Kaffi?

© Luxembourgish with Anne. All Rights Reserved www.luxembourgishwithanne.lu

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