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MATH 1324 Chapter 4 Section 1 Pt 2

Chapter 4 discusses transformations of exponential functions, detailing how graphs can be shifted, reflected, stretched, or compressed. It outlines specific transformations including horizontal and vertical shifts, vertical and horizontal expansions or compressions, and reflections about the x-axis and y-axis. Examples are provided to illustrate how to graph transformed exponential functions.

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4 views

MATH 1324 Chapter 4 Section 1 Pt 2

Chapter 4 discusses transformations of exponential functions, detailing how graphs can be shifted, reflected, stretched, or compressed. It outlines specific transformations including horizontal and vertical shifts, vertical and horizontal expansions or compressions, and reflections about the x-axis and y-axis. Examples are provided to illustrate how to graph transformed exponential functions.

Uploaded by

bryan hunt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

MATH 1324

1 Exponential Functions

1.2 Transformations of Exponential Functions

An exponential function, like any function, can be transformed in ways that result in the

graph being shifted, reflected, stretched, or compressed. Just as a quick refresher, here are

the different transformations we may encounter:

Definition 1.1. Transformations of Functions: Consider a parent function f . There

are many ways to transform the graph of f .

• A Horizontal Shift: g(x) = f (x ± c) where c is a real number. Subtraction shifts

the graph right while addition shift the graph left.

• A vertical Shift: g(x) = f (x) ± c where c is a real number. Subtraction shifts the

graph down while addition shift the graph up.

• Vertical Expansion or Compression: c · f (x) where c is a real number. If |c| > 1,


1
then the graph of f expands out vertically, or stretches up, by a factor of . If
a
1
0 < |c| < 1, then the graph of f vertically compresses by a factor of .
a

• Horizontal Expansion or Compression: f (cx) where c is a real number. If


1
|c| > 1, then the graph of f compresses horizontally by a factor of . If 0 < |c| < 1,
a
1
then the graph of f horizontally expands, or stretches out, by a factor of .
a

• A Reflection About the x-axis: c · f (x) where c is a negative real number. In

addition to the vertical expansion or compression of the graph of f , if c < 0 then the

graph of f flips over the x-axis.

• A Reflection About the y-axis: f (cx) where c is a negative real number. In

addition to the horizontal expansion or compression of the graph of f , if c < 0 then

the graph of f flips over the y-axis.

1
Note: It often helps to graph the base function before trying to graph the transformed

one.

Example 1.1. Sketch the graphs of the following exponential functions:

1 x+3 (b) g(x) = −3x + 1 (c) h(x) = 2−x


(a) f (x) =
2

Solutions: For each example, first graph the base function, then apply any transforma-

tions.

1x
(a) First, draw the graph of the function f (x) = as a dashed line. Then, since x has
2
been replaced by x + 3, shift the graph to the left by 3 units.

1 x+3
Figure 1: The graph of f (x) = .
2

(b) Begin with the graph of 3x shown as a dashed line. The effect of multiplying a

function by -1 is to reflect the graph with respect to the x−axis. Following this, the

second transformation of adding 1 to a function causes a vertical shift of the graph.

The solid curve is the graph of g(x) = −3x + 1.

2
Figure 2: The graph of g(x) = −3x + 1.

(c) Recall the exponent rule that states that, given a positive number a,

 n
−n 1 1
a = n = .
a a
 x
1
Using this rule, we can actually rewrite h(x) = 2−x as h(x) = . Graphing this
2
function doesn’t actually need any transformations.

Figure 3: The graph of h(x) = 2−x .

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