Scribd
Upload
5 views

Module-2-Motion-in-Straight-Line_-Velocty-and-Acceleration

This document covers the fundamentals of motion in a straight line, focusing on concepts such as velocity, acceleration, and their distinctions. It provides formulas for calculating average velocity and acceleration, along with examples to illustrate these concepts. The document concludes with a practical example of determining acceleration based on given parameters.

Uploaded by

cookieninattawin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Module-2-Motion-in-Straight-Line_-Velocty-and-Acceleration

This document covers the fundamentals of motion in a straight line, focusing on concepts such as velocity, acceleration, and their distinctions. It provides formulas for calculating average velocity and acceleration, along with examples to illustrate these concepts. The document concludes with a practical example of determining acceleration based on given parameters.

Uploaded by

cookieninattawin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

MODULE 2

MOTION IN STRAIGHT LINE


(Velocity and Acceleration)
February 25, 2023

Introduction.
Motion is one of the significant topics in physics. Everything in the universe moves. It might
only be a small amount of movement and very very slow, but movement does happen. “An
object is said to be in motion if its position changes with time.”

Velocity – (How fast in what direction?)

It is a physical vector quantity, both in magnitude and direction, are needed to define it. The
scalar absolute value (magnitude) of the velocity is the speed of motion. Velocity is
equivalent to a specification of an object’s speed and direction of motion.
Average Velocity, V

An object in a straight line motion, that is at the point X 1, and the time t1 and at the point X2
at the time t2 has displaced by X2 – X1 . The average velocity of the object in the time interval
t2 - t1 is
X 2−X 1 displacement
V =¿ taken from ave. velocity =
t 2−t 1 timeinterval

Distinction between Speed & Velocity


Speed describes only how fast an object is moving. Whereas a velocity gives both how fast it
is and in which direction the object is moving. If a car is said to travel @ 60 kph, its speed
has been specified. If the car is said to move at 60 kph to the north, its velocity is specified.
Acceleration –
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. If an object’s velocity is V 0 to begin
with and changes to Vf during a time interval t, its acceleration;
ΔV Eq. 1
a = t

a= Eq. 2
Vf −V 0
t

where : V0 = initial velocity


Vf = final velocity
t = time interval
a = acceleration

From Eq. 1, the final velocity can now be resolve as;


Vf −V 0
a= t
a.t = Vf - V0

Vf = V0 + a.t Eq. 3

Example;
The car whose motion we have been considering started out at V 0 = 0, and after t=20 sec, its
velocity was Vf = 5.0 m/sec. Therefore, the car’s acceleration is,

Vf −V 0 5.0−0
a= t
= 20 sec
= 0.25 m/sec2

Example;
A truck accelerates from 25 km/hr to 45 km/hr in 40 secs. Calculate the average acceleration
of the vehicle in km/hr/sec and in m/sec2 .
Solution;
km
Vf −V 0 45 −25 km/hr 20 km/hr
hr
V0 = 25 km/hr a = t
= = 40 sec = 0.5
40 sec ¿
¿
km/hr/sec
Vf = 45 km/hr
t = 40 sec

Example;

A car has an initial velocity of 20 m/sec and an acceleration of - 1.0m/sec 2 . Find the velocity
after 10 secs. And after 50 sec.?
Solution;

In eq. 3 Vf = V0 + a.t
Vf = 20 m/sec – (10 sec) (10 sec) = 10 m/sec
Afer 50 secs.
Vf = V0 + a.t
Vf = (20 m/sec) – (1.0) (50 sec.) = - 30 m/sec. ; which is in opposite direction
and greater than the original velocity Vo .

Displacement, Time & Acceleration.

X
V= but if a is constant, V is the average of the initial & final velocity.
t

Vo+Vf
V= where Vf = Vo + at
2
Vo+vo +at
V= 2¿
¿
2Vo at
V= +
2 2

at
V = Vo + Eq. 4
2

Example;

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 sec for a distance of 110
m. Determine the acceleration of the car?

Given.
t= 5.21 sec.
X= 110 m.
Vo = 0

Solution;
at
X = V .t substitute Eq. 4 V = Vo +
2

at
X = ( Vo + )t
2
Eq. 5
1 2
X = Vot + at
2
Therefore,
1
110 m. = (0 m/sec) (5.21 secs.) + a (5.21 sec.)2
2
(110)(2) = a (5.21 sec.)2
220 m
a= = 8.10 m/ sec.
(5.21 sec .)2

this is all for now,

THANK YOU AND STAY SAFE …..

Engr. GEORGE P. ALONZO


Professional Electrical Engineer

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy