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CS2024 Ver 2024-03-08 www.struware.com

STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS
FOR
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Code Search
Code: International Building Code 2021

Occupancy:
Occupancy Group = B Business

Risk Category & Importance Factors:

Risk Category = II
Wind Factor = 1.00
Importance Factor 1.00
Seismic Importance factor = 1.00

Type of Construction:
Fire Rating:
Roof = 0.0 hr
Floor = 0.0 hr

Building Geometry:
Roof angle (θ) 0.25 / 12 1.2 deg
Building length 300.0 ft
Least width 175.0 ft
Mean Roof Ht (h) 62.0 ft
Parapet ht above grd 64.0 ft
Minimum parapet ht 2.0 ft
hb for Elevated bldg 0.0 ft

Live Loads:
Roof 0 to 200 sf: 20 psf
200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf
over 600 sf: 12 psf
Roofs used for roof gardens 100 psf

Floor:
Typical Floor 50 psf
Partitions 15 psf
Corridors above first floor 80 psf
Lobbies & first floor corridors 100 psf
Stairs and exit ways 100 psf
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Wind Loads : ASCE 7- 16

Ultimate Wind Speed 120 mph
Nominal Wind Speed 93 mph
Risk Category II
Exposure Category C
Enclosure Classif. Enclosed Building
Internal pressure +/-0.18
Bldg Directionality (Kd) 0.85
Kh MWFRS<=60 1.144
Kh all other 1.144
Type of roof Monoslope

Topographic Factor (Kzt)

Topography Flat
Hill Height (H) 80.0 ft
Half Hill Length (Lh) 100.0 ft
Actual H/Lh = 0.80
Use H/Lh = 0.50
Modified Lh = 160.0 ft
From top of crest: x = 50.0 ft
Bldg up/down wind? downwind

H/Lh= 0.50 K1 = 0.000

x/Lh = 0.31 K2 = 0.792
z/Lh = 0.39 K3 = 1.000
At Mean Roof Ht:
Kzt = (1+K1K2K3)^2 = 1.00

Gust Effect Factor

h= 62.0 ft Flexible structure if natural frequency < 1 Hz (T > 1 second).
B= 175.0 ft If building h/B>4 then may be flexible and should be investigated.
/z (0.6h) = 37.2 ft h/B = 0.35

G= 0.85 Using rigid structure default

Rigid Structure Flexible or Dynamically Sensitive Structure

ē= 0.20 Natural Frequency (η1) = 0.7 Hz
ℓ = 500 ft Damping ratio (β) = 0.01
zmin = 15 ft /b = 0.650
c= 0.20 /α = 0.154
gQ, gv = 3.4 Vz = 116.5
Lz = 512.1 ft N1 = 3.08
Q= 0.85 Rn = 0.069
Iz = 0.20 Rh = 0.419 η= 1.713 h= 62.0 ft
G= 0.85 use G = 0.85 RB = 0.185 η= 4.836
RL = 0.035 η= 27.753
gR = 4.104
R = 0.540
Gf = 0.960
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Ground Elevation Factor (Ke)

Grd level above sea level = 0 ft Ke = 1.0000
Constant = 0.00256
0.00256Ke = 0.00256

Enclosure Classification

Test for Enclosed Building: Ao < 0.01Ag or 4 sf, whichever is smaller

Test for Open Building: All walls are at least 80% open.
Ao ≥ 0.8Ag

Test for Partially Enclosed Building: Predominately open on one side only

Input Test
Ao 500.0 sf Ao ≥ 1.1Aoi NO
Ag 600.0 sf Ao > 4sf or 0.01Ag YES
Aoi 1000.0 sf Aoi / Agi ≤ 0.20 YES Building is NOT
Agi 10000.0 sf Partially Enclosed

Conditions to qualify as Partially Enclosed Building. Must satisfy all of the following:
Ao ≥ 1.1Aoi
Ao > smaller of 4sf or 0.01 Ag
Aoi / Agi ≤ 0.20
Where:
Ao = the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure.
Ag = the gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified.
Aoi = the sum of the areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ao.
Agi = the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ag.

Test for Partially Open Building: A building that does not qualify as open, enclosed or partially enclosed.
(This type building will have same wind pressures as an enclosed building.)

Reduction Factor for large volume partially enclosed buildings (Ri) :

If the partially enclosed building contains a single room that is unpartitioned , the internal
pressure coefficient may be multiplied by the reduction factor Ri.

Total area of all wall & roof openings (Aog): - SF

Unpartitioned internal volume (Vi) : - CF
Ri = 1.00
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Wind Loads - MWFRS all h (Except for Open Buildings)

Kh = 1.144 GCpi = +/-0.18
Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf Bldg dim parallel to ridge = 300.0 ft G= 0.85
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg Bldg dim normal to ridge = 175.0 ft qi = qh
Roof tributary area: h= 62.0 ft
Wind normal to ridge =(h/2)*L: 9300 sf ridge ht = 63.8 ft
Wind parallel to ridge =(h/2)*L: 5425 sf
Ultimate Wind Surface Pressures (psf)
Wind Normal to Ridge Wind Parallel to Ridge
L/B = 0.58 h/L = 0.35 L/B = 1.71 h/L = 0.21
Surface Cp qhGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi Dist.* Cp qhGCp w/ +qiGCpi w/ -qhGCpi
Windward Wall (WW) 0.80 24.4 see table below 0.80 24.4 see table below
Leeward Wall (LW) -0.50 -15.2 -21.7 -8.8 -0.36 -10.9 -17.3 -4.4
Side Wall (SW) -0.70 -21.3 -27.8 -14.9 -0.70 -21.3 -27.8 -14.9
Leeward Roof (LR) ** Included in windward roof
Neg Windward Roof: 0 to h/2* -0.90 -27.4 -33.9 -21.0 0 to h/2* -0.90 -27.4 -33.9 -21.0
h/2 to h* -0.90 -27.4 -33.9 -21.0 h/2 to h* -0.90 -27.4 -33.9 -21.0
h to 2h* -0.50 -15.2 -21.7 -8.8 h to 2h* -0.50 -15.2 -21.7 -8.8
> 2h* -0.30 -9.1 -15.6 -2.7 > 2h* -0.30 -9.1 -15.6 -2.7
Pos/min windward roof press. -0.18 -5.5 -11.9 1.0 Min press. -0.18 -5.5 -11.9 1.0
*Horizontal distance from windward edge
**Roof angle < 10 degrees. Therefore, leeward roof is included in windward roof pressure zones. For monoslope roofs,
entire roof surface is either
windward or leeward surface.

Windward roof overhangs : 24.4 psf (upward : add to qhGCp windward roof pressure)

Parapet
z Kz Kzt qp (psf)
64.0 ft 1.152 1.00 36.1
Windward parapet: 54.2 psf (GCpn = +1.5)
Leeward parapet: -36.1 psf (GCpn = -1.0)

Windward Wall Pressures at "z" (psf) Combined WW + LW

Windward Wall Wind Normal Wind Parallel
z Kz Kzt qzGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi to Ridge to Ridge
0 to 15' 0.85 1.00 18.1 11.6 24.5 33.3 29.0
20.0 ft 0.90 1.00 19.2 12.8 25.7 34.5 30.1
25.0 ft 0.95 1.00 20.1 13.7 26.6 35.4 31.0
30.0 ft 0.98 1.00 20.9 14.5 27.4 36.2 31.8
40.0 ft 1.04 1.00 22.2 15.8 28.7 37.5 33.1
50.0 ft 1.09 1.00 23.3 16.9 29.8 38.5 34.2
60.0 ft 1.14 1.00 24.2 17.8 30.7 39.5 35.1
h= 62.0 ft 1.14 1.00 24.4 17.9 30.8 39.6 35.3
ridge = 63.8 ft 1.15 1.00 24.5 18.1 31.0 39.8 35.4
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Elevated Buildings Elevated building procedure is from ASCE 7 -22

Horizontal MWFRS wind pressures on objects below hb

h= 62.0 ft
hb = 0.0 ft Elevated Building Geometry limitation 1
z= 15.5 ft Bldg Length = 300.0 ft
Bldg Width = 175.0 ft Area of below elements / Area of Bldg above = 0.2%
Area of elevated building above = 52,500 sf
Cross setional area of all columns below bldg = 64.0 sf Direction 1 L/B = 0.58 Max L/B = 0.500 OK
Area of enclosed areas below bldg = 50.0 sf Direction 2 L/B = 1.71 Max L/B = 0.500 OK
Total cross sectional area below bldg = 114.0 sf Meets geometry Limitation No 1 for both directions

Elevated Building Geometry limitation 2

Direction 1 Direction 2
Projected width of all columns facing direction 1 = 32.0 ft Projected width of columns direction 2 = 30.0 ft
Projected L2 width of enclosed areas below bldg = 40.0 ft Projected L1 width of enclosed areas = 42.0 ft
Total projected width below bldg (width) = 72.0 ft Total projected width below bldg (width) = 72.0 ft
Projected area ratio = 24.0% OK Projected area ratio = 41.1% OK
Meets geometry Limitation No 2 for both directions
hb = 0, therefore building is not an elevated building

Combined MWFRSwindward and leeward wind pressure on surfaces from 0 to hb (qzGCp) = 0.0 psf
MWFRS direction 1 force at height hb (width*hb/2) = 0.0 k
MWFRS direction 2 force at height hb (width*hb/2) = 0.0 k

Vertical MWFRS wind pressures on bottom surface of the elevated building

Base pressure (qz) = 0.0 psf

Ultimate Vertical MWFRS Wind Surface Pressures (psf) at horizontal bottom surface of elevated building
Wind Normal to Ridge Wind Parallel to Ridge
L/B = 0.58 hb/L = 0.00 L/B = 1.71 hb/L = 0.00
Cp qhGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi Dist.* Cp qhGCp w/ +qiGCpi w/ -qhGCpi

Downward pressure: 0 to hb/2* -0.90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 to hb/2* -0.90 0.0 0.0 0.0
hb/2 to hb* -0.90 0.0 0.0 0.0 hb/2 to hb* -0.90 0.0 0.0 0.0
hb to 2hb* -0.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 hb to 2hb* -0.50 0.0 0.0 0.0
> 2hb* -0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 > 2hb* -0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Upward or min wind pressure -0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 Min press. -0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0
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NOTE: ASCE 7 requires the application of full and partial loading of the wind pressures per the 4 cases below.

Wind Forces at Floors

Building dimension (parallel with ridge) = 300.0 ft e= 45.00 ft
Total Floors above grade = 2 Building dimension (normal to ridge) = 175.0 ft e= 26.25 ft
T/Fdn (dist below grade) = 2.0 ft L is the building dimension parallel to the wind direction

Elevation Height of Wind Normal to Ridge Wind Parallel to Ridge

Above Centroid Applied Story Overturning Applied Story Overturning
Level Grade (ft) to Fdn (ft) L B Area (sf) Force (k) Shear (k) Moment ('k) Area Force (k) Shear (k) Moment ('k)
Equip,etc 66.00 68.00 wind on equip, screenwalls, etc = 2 0
Parapet 64.00 65.00 175.0 300.0 600.0 54.2 350.0 31.6
T/Ridge 67.20 66.60 175.0 300.0 1,560.0 0.0 455.0 16.2
Roof 62.00 64.00 175.0 300.0 3,300.0 130.8 186.9 62.2 1,925.0 67.9 115.7 73.8 Roof
2 40.00 42.00 175.0 300.0 6,300.0 236.1 423.0 4,174.3 3,675.0 121.7 237.4 2,619.7 2
1 20.00 22.00 175.0 300.0 6,000.0 206.7 629.8 12,634.7 3,500.0 105.4 342.8 7,368.7 1
GRD 2.00 25,230.1 14,224.9 GRD
FDN 0.00 26,489.6 14,910.5 FDN
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Wind Loads - MWFRS h≤60' (Low-rise Buildings) except for open buildings
Kz = Kh = 1.144 Edge Strip (a) = 17.5 ft
Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf End Zone (2a) = 35.0 ft
GCpi = +/-0.18 Zone 2 length = 87.5 ft
h>60 - can't use low-rise method
Wind Pressure Coefficients
CASE A CASE B
θ = 1.2 deg
Surface GCpf w/-GCpi w/+GCpi GCpf w/-GCpi w/+GCpi
1 0.40 0.58 0.22 -0.45 -0.27 -0.63
2 -0.69 -0.51 -0.87 -0.69 -0.51 -0.87
3 -0.37 -0.19 -0.55 -0.37 -0.19 -0.55
4 -0.29 -0.11 -0.47 -0.45 -0.27 -0.63
5 0.40 0.58 0.22
6 -0.29 -0.11 -0.47
1E 0.61 0.79 0.43 -0.48 -0.30 -0.66
2E -1.07 -0.89 -1.25 -1.07 -0.89 -1.25
3E -0.53 -0.35 -0.71 -0.53 -0.35 -0.71
4E -0.43 -0.25 -0.61 -0.48 -0.30 -0.66
5E 0.61 0.79 0.43
6E -0.43 -0.25 -0.61

Ultimate Wind Surface Pressures (psf)

1 20.8 7.9 -9.7 -22.6
2 -18.3 -31.2 -18.3 -31.2
3 -6.8 -19.7 -6.8 -19.7
4 -3.9 -16.9 -9.7 -22.6
5 20.8 7.9
6 -3.9 -16.9
1E 28.3 15.4 -10.8 -23.7
2E -31.9 -44.8 -31.9 -44.8
3E -12.6 -25.5 -12.6 -25.5
4E -9.0 -21.9 -10.8 -23.7
5E 28.3 15.4
6E -9.0 -21.9
Parapet
Windward parapet = 54.2 psf (GCpn = +1.5) Windward roof
Leeward parapet = -36.1 psf (GCpn = -1.0) overhangs = 25.1 psf (upward) add to
windward roof pressure
Horizontal MWFRS Simple Diaphragm Pressures (psf)
Transverse direction (normal to L)
Interior Zone: Wall 24.7 psf
Roof -11.5 psf **
End Zone: Wall 37.3 psf
Roof -19.4 psf **

Longitudinal direction (parallel to L)

Interior Zone: Wall 24.7 psf
End Zone: Wall 37.3 psf
** NOTE: Total horiz force shall not be less than that determined
by neglecting roof forces (except for MWFRS moment frames).

The code requires the MWFRS be designed for a min ultimate

force of 16 psf multiplied by the wall area plus an 8 psf force
applied to the vertical projection of the roof.
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Wind Loads - h≤60' Longitudinal Direction MWFRS On Open or Partially

Enclosed Buildings with Transverse Frames and Pitched Roofs
Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf h>60 - can't use low-rise method ASCE 7-16+ procedure
GCpi = +/-0.18 Enclosed bldg, procdure doesn't apply
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg

B= 175.0 ft
# of frames (n) = 4
Solid are of end wall including fascia (As) = 26.0 sf
Roof ridge height = 63.8 ft
Roof eave height = 62.0 ft
Total end wall area if soild (Ae) = 11,009.5 sf

Longidinal Directional Force (F) = pAe

p= qh [(GCpf)windward -(GCpf)leeward] KB KS
Solidarity ratio (Φ) = 0.002
n= 4
KB = 0.8
KS = 0.673
Zones 5 & 6 area = 9,917 sf
5E & 6E area = 1,093 sf
(GCpf) windward - (GCpf) leeward] = 0.725
p= 14.0 psf

Total force to be resisted by MWFRS (F) = 154.1 kips applied at the centroid
of the end wall area Ae

Note: The longidudinal force acts in combination with roof loads

calculated elsewhere for an open or partially enclosed building.
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NOTE: Torsional loads are 25% of zones 1 - 6.

Exception: One story buildings h<30' and 1 to 2 storybuildings framed with light-frame
construction or with flexible diaphragms need not be designed for the torsional load case.
ASCE 7-98 & ASCE 7-10 (& later) - MWFRS wind pressure zones

NOTE: Torsional loads are 25% of zones 1 - 4. See code for loading diagram.
Exception: One story buildings h<30' and 1 to 2 storybuildings framed with light-frame
construction or with flexible diaphragms need not be designed for the torsional load case.
ASCE 7-02 and ASCE 7-05 - MWFRS wind pressure zones
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Ultimate Wind Pressures

Wind Loads - Components & Cladding : Alternate design 60'<h<90'
Kh = 1.144 100.0 ft 30.0 ft
Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf h= 62.0 ft 0.2h = 12.4 ft 100.0 ft
Minimum parapet ht = 2.0 ft 0.6h = 37.2 ft 100.0 ft
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg GCpi = +/-0.18
Type of roof = Monoslope qi = qh = 35.9 psf

Roof Surface Pressure (psf) User input

Area 10 sf 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf 200 sf 350 sf 500 sf 1000 sf 80 sf 200 sf
Negative Zone 1 -67.40 -63.00 -57.10 -52.60 -48.2 -44.6 -42.3 -42.3 -54.1 -48.2
Negative Zone 1' -38.70 -38.70 -38.70 -38.70 -33.3 -29.0 -26.2 -20.8 -38.7 -33.3
Negative Zone 2 -88.90 -83.20 -75.70 -69.90 -64.2 -59.6 -56.7 -56.7 -71.8 -64.2
Negative Zone 3 -121.20 -109.80 -94.70 -83.20 -71.8 -62.5 -56.7 -56.7 -86.9 -71.8
Positive All Zones 17.20 16.10 16.00 16.00 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0

Overhang Zone 1&1' -61.00 -59.90 -58.50 -57.40 -48.1 -40.6 -35.9 -35.9 -57.7 -48.1
Overhang Zone 2 -82.50 -74.90 -64.80 -57.20 -49.5 -43.4 -39.4 -39.4 -59.6 -49.5
Overhang Zone 3 -114.80 -101.40 -83.80 -70.40 -57.1 -46.3 -39.4 -39.4 -74.7 -57.1

Overhang pressures in the table above assume an internal pressure coefficient (Gcpi) of 0.0
Overhang soffit pressure equals adj wall pressure (which includes internal pressure of 6.5 psf)

Parapet
qp = 36.1 psf Surface Pressure (psf) User input
Solid Parapet Pressure 10 sf 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 50 sf
CASE A: Zone 2 : 115.5 108.0 98.1 90.7 83.2 73.3 98.1
Zone 3 : 148.0 134.8 117.3 104.0 90.8 73.3 117.3

CASE B: Interior zone : -68.2 -64.8 -60.2 -56.8 -53.3 -48.7 -60.2
Corner zone : -78.0 -72.8 -65.9 -60.8 -55.6 -48.7 -65.9

wall a = 17.5 ft
Walls GCp +/- GCpi Surface Pressure at h User input
Area 10 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 10 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 100 sf 200 sf
Negative Zone 4 -1.17 -1.01 -0.96 -0.90 -42.0 -36.3 -34.5 -32.3 -36.3 -34.5
Negative Zone 5 -1.44 -1.12 -1.03 -0.90 -51.6 -40.2 -36.8 -32.3 -40.2 -36.8
Positive Zone 4 & 5 1.08 0.92 0.87 0.81 38.7 33.0 31.3 29.0 33.0 31.3
Note: GCp reduced by 10% due to roof angle <= 10 deg.
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Elevated building procedure is from ASCE 7 -22

Bottom Horizontal Surface of Elevated Buildings

1.14 h= 62.0 ft 0.2hb = 0.00

Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf hb = 0.0 ft 0.6hb = 0.00
Wall width = 5.0 ft ab = 0.00

GCp Surface Pressure (psf) User input

Area 10 sf 100 sf 500 sf 1000 sf 10 sf 100 sf 500 sf 1000 sf 80 sf 200 sf
Negative Zone 1 -1.70 -1.29 -1.00 -1.00 -67.4 -52.6 -42.3 -42.3 -54.1 -48.2
Negative Zone 1' -0.90 -0.90 -0.55 -0.40 -38.7 -38.7 -26.2 -20.8 -38.7 -33.3
Negative Zone 2 -2.30 -1.77 -1.40 -1.40 -88.9 -69.9 -56.7 -56.7 -71.8 -64.2
Negative Zone 3 -3.20 -2.14 -1.40 -1.40 -121.2 -83.2 -56.7 -56.7 -86.9 -71.8
Positive Zones 1-3 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 17.2 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Negative Zone 4' -0.99 -0.83 -0.72 -0.72 -42.0 -36.3 -32.3 -32.3 -36.8 -34.5
Positive Zone 4' 0.90 0.74 0.63 0.63 38.7 33.0 29.0 29.0 33.6 31.3
Negative pressures are downward

Wall width

Building Bottom Plan: h ≤ 60' and alternate design 60'<h<90'

Building Bottom Plan: h> 60 feet

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Location of C&C Wind Pressure Zones - ASCE 7-22

Multispan Gable & Sawtooth ≤ 10°

Roofs w/ θ ≤ 10° Walls h ≤ 60' & Gable θ ≤ 7 degrees & Monoslope roofs
and all walls & alt design h<90' Monoslope ≤ 3 degrees 3° < θ ≤ 10°
h > 60' h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Monoslope roofs Gable 7° < θ ≤ 27° Gable 27° < θ ≤ 45° Hip 7° < θ ≤ 45°
10° < θ ≤ 30°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Multispan gable 10° < θ ≤ 45°

h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Sawtooth 10° < θ ≤ 45° Stepped roofs θ ≤ 3°

Note: The hatched area indicates where roof positive pressures
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' are equal to the adjacent wall positive pressure.
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Location of C&C Wind Pressure Zones - ASCE 7-16

Roofs w/ θ ≤ 10° Walls h ≤ 60' Multispan Gable & Sawtooth ≤ 10°

and all walls & alt design h<90' and Gable θ ≤ 7 degrees & Monoslope roofs
h > 60' Monoslope ≤ 3 degrees 3° < θ ≤ 10°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Monoslope roofs Multispan Gable > 10° Hip 7° < θ ≤ 27°

10° < θ ≤ 30° & Gable 7° < θ ≤ 45°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Sawtooth 10° < θ ≤ 45°

h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Note: The hatched area indicates Note: The stepped roof zones above are as shown in ASCE 7-16 . Prior editions didn't show zones, but
the notes sent you to the low slope gable figure. The note in ASCE 7-16 still sends you to the low slope
where roof positive pressures are Stepped roofs θ ≤ 3° gable figure, but for some reason the zones shown are per editions prior to ASCE 7-16. Therefore, the
equal to the adjacent wall positive h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' above zones may be a code mistake and the correct zone locations may be per the low slope gable
pressure.
roof shown at the top of this page.
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Location of C&C Wind Pressure Zones - ASCE 7-10 & earlier

Roofs w/ θ ≤ 10° Walls h ≤ 60' Gable & Sawtooth ≤ 10 degrees

and all walls & alt design h<90' & Gable θ ≤ 7 degrees & Monoslope roofs
h > 60' Monoslope ≤ 3 degrees 3° < θ ≤ 10°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90' h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Monoslope roofs Multispan Gable > 10° Hip 7° < θ ≤ 27°

10° < θ ≤ 30° & Gable 7° < θ ≤ 45°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Sawtooth 10° < θ ≤ 45°

h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Stepped roofs θ ≤ 3°
h ≤ 60' & alt design h<90'

Note: The hatched area indicates where roof positive

pressures are equal to the adjacent wall positive pressure.
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Wind Loads - Open Buildings Ultimate Wind Pressures

Type of roof = Monoslope Free Roofs G= 0.85

Wind Flow = Clear Roof Angle = 1.2 deg
NOTE: The code requires the MWFRS be
designed for a minimum pressure of 16 psf.

Main Wind Force Resisting System

Kz = Kh = 1.144 Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf

Roof pressures - Wind Normal to Ridge

Wind Direction
Wind Load
Ɣ = 0 & 180 deg
Flow Case Cnw Cnl
Cn = 1.20 0.30
Clear Wind
A p= 36.6 psf 9.1 psf
Flow Cn = -1.10 -0.10
B p= -33.5 psf -3.0 psf

NOTE: 1). Cnw and Cnl denote combined pressures from top and bottom roof surfaces.
2). Cnw is pressure on windward half of roof. Cnl is pressure on leeward half of roof.
3). Positive pressures act toward the roof. Negative pressures act away from the roof.

Roof pressures - Wind Parallel to Ridge, Ɣ = 90 deg

Horizontal Distance from Windward
Wind Load
Edge h= 62.0 ft
Flow Case ≤h >h ≤ 2h > 2h 2h = 124.0 ft
Cn = -0.80 -0.60 -0.30
Clear Wind
A p= -24.4 psf -18.3 psf -9.1 psf
Flow Cn = 0.80 0.50 0.30
B p= 24.4 psf 15.2 psf 9.1 psf

Fascia Panels -Horizontal pressures

qp = 35.9 psf Windward fascia: 53.8 psf (GCpn = +1.5)
Leeward fascia: -35.9 psf (GCpn = -1.0)

Components & Cladding - roof pressures

Kz = Kh = 1.14 a = 17.5 ft a2 = 306.3 sf
Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf 4a2 = 1225.0 sf
G= 0.85
Clear Wind Flow
Effective Wind Area zone 3 zone 2 zone 1
positive negative positive negative positive negative
≤ 306.3 sf 2.53 -3.44 1.90 -1.76 1.26 -1.15
CN >306.3, ≤ 1225 sf 1.90 -1.76 1.90 -1.76 1.26 -1.15
> 1225 sf 1.26 -1.15 1.26 -1.15 1.26 -1.15
≤ 306.3 sf 77.0 psf -105.0 psf 57.8 psf -53.8 psf 38.5 psf -35.0 psf
Wind
>306.3, ≤ 1225 sf 57.8 psf -53.8 psf 57.8 psf -53.8 psf 38.5 psf -35.0 psf
pressure
> 1225 sf 38.5 psf -35.0 psf 38.5 psf -35.0 psf 38.5 psf -35.0 psf
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Location of Open Building Wind Pressure Zones

MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM

COMPONENTS AND CLADDING

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Wind Loads - Rooftop Structures & Canopies Ultimate Wind Pressures

Building (L) = 300.0 ft

Building (B) = 175.0 ft

Directionality (Kd) = 0.85

Rooftop Structures & Equipment #1

Equipment length parallel to L = 10.0 ft

Equipment length parallel to B = 5.0 ft
Height of equipment = 5.0 ft Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf

Vertical wind pressure Wind normal to building B Wind normal to building L

Ar = 50.0 sf Af = 25.0 sf Af = 50.0 sf

GCr = 1.500 GCr = 1.90 GCr = 1.90
F = qhGCr Ar = 53.8 Ar (psf) F = qhGCr Af = 68.1 Af (psf) F = qhGCr Af = 68.1 Af (psf)

Fv = 2.7 kips Fh = 1.7 kips Fh = 3.4 kips

Rooftop Structures & Equipment #2

Equipment length parallel to L = 3.0 ft

Equipment length parallel to B = 3.0 ft
Height of equipment = 10.0 ft Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf

Vertical wind pressure Wind normal to building B Wind normal to building L

Ar = 9.0 sf Af = 30.0 sf Af = 30.0 sf

GCr = 1.500 GCr = 1.90 GCr = 1.90
F = qhGCr Ar = 53.8 Ar (psf) F = qhGCr Af = 68.1 Af (psf) F = qhGCr Af = 68.1 Af (psf)

Fv = 0.5 kips Fh = 2.0 kips Fh = 2.0 kips

Attached Canopies on Buildings : Alternate design 60'<h<90'

ASCE 7-22 Procedure used since h>60'
Mean Roof Ht (h )= 62.0 ft
Mean eave height (he) = 60.0 ft Base pressure (qh) = 35.9 psf
Mean Canopy height (hc) = 45.0 ft
hc/he = 0.75
C&C Surface Pressure (psf) User input
Area 10 sf 50 sf 100 sf 1000 sf 75 sf
Separate Individual Surfaces:
Upper surface negative pressure -42.9 -33.3 -29.1 -27.3 -30.8
Lower surface negative pressure -29.0 -25.2 -23.5 -22.8 -24.2
Upper or Lower surface pos pressure 28.5 23.5 21.4 21.4 22.2
Combined Upper & Lower Surfaces (net):
Negative pressure -33.1 -26.3 -23.4 -23.4 -24.6
Positive pressure 32.0 25.8 23.1 23.1 24.2
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Wind Pressures on Solar Panels

Ultimate Wind Pressures
Roof angle θ = 1.2 deg
Mean Roof Ht h = 62.0 ft
Mean parapet height above roof hpt = 0.00 ft
Panel edge to adjacent array or bldg edge d1 = 18.40 ft
Panel edge to adjacent panel edge d2 = 1.00 ft
Panel chord length Lp = 6.00 ft
Dist from roof to lowest panel edge h1 = 0.80 ft
Dist from roof to highest panel edge h2 = 0.80 ft
Panel gap (must be 0.25 inches minimum) = 0.25 in
Solar panel angle to roof surface w = 0.0 deg

Panels parallel to roof (w  2 deg) all heights & roof slope

Wind pressure = qh(GCp)(ƔE)(Ɣa)

Calculate panel pressure by subtracting 6.45 psf (internal pressure) from the wind roof
pressures and then multiply by the following factors (but minimum pressure shall be 16 psf )
Adjustment Factor (gE)(ga) User Input
Location <10 sf 20 sf 50 sf >100 sf 21 sf
Exposed Panel Uplift 1.20 1.02 0.78 0.60 1.01 gE = 1.5
Non exposed Uplift 0.80 0.68 0.52 0.40 0.67 gE = 1.0
All panels downward 0.80 0.68 0.52 0.40 0.67 gE = 1.0
A panel is exposed if d1 to the roof edge is greater than 0.5h = 31.0 ft
and either 1) d1 to the adjancent array is greater than 4 ft
or 2) d2 to the next adjacent panel is greater than 4 ft

Panels not parallel to roof - all heights & roof slope < 7 deg
Procedure only applies if clear distance between the roof edge and the panels is at least 4 ft
Wind pressure = qh(GCrn) (GCrn)=(gp)(gc)(gE)(GCrn)nom
gp = 0.900 gc = 0.960 qh = 35.86 psf
"A" is the effective wind area of the solar panel being considered
Normalized wind area An = A * 1,000 / (max Lb or 15)^2 = 0.336 A
Lb = minimum of 0.4(hW L)0.5 or h or Ws = 54.6 ft
User input
Wind pressure for normalized area An A= 10 sf 1000 sf
Location 0 sf 10 sf 100 sf 500 sf 1000 sf 5000 sf An = 3 sf 336 sf
Exposed Zones
gE = 1.5 Zone 1 -69.7 -49.9 -30.1 -16.3 -16.0 -16.0 -49.9 -16.0
Zone 2 -93.0 -66.3 -39.6 -20.9 -16.7 -16.0 -66.3 -16.7
Zone 3 -106.9 -75.9 -44.9 -23.2 -18.3 -16.0 -75.9 -18.3
Non Exposed Zones
gE = 1.0 Zone 1 -46.5 -33.3 -20.1 -16.0 -16.0 -16.0 -33.3 -16.0
Zone 2 -62.0 -44.2 -26.4 -16.0 -16.0 -16.0 -44.2 -16.0
Zone 3 -71.3 -50.6 -29.9 -16.0 -16.0 -16.0 -50.6 -16.0
All Zones
gE = 1.0 Zone 1 46.5 33.3 20.1 16.0 16.0 16.0 33.3 16.0
Zone 2 62.0 44.2 26.4 16.0 16.0 16.0 44.2 16.0
Zone 3 71.3 50.6 29.9 16.0 16.0 16.0 50.6 16.0
A panel is exposed if d1 to the roof edge is greater than 0.5h = 31.0 ft
and either 1) d1 to the adjancent array is > the max of 4h2 or 4 ft = 4.0 ft
or 2) d2 to the adjancent panel is > the max of 4h2 or 4 ft

WL = 300.0 ft
Ws = 175.0 ft
2h = 124.0 ft
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Wind Loads - Other Structures: ASCE 7- 16 Ultimate Wind Pressures

Wind Factor = 1.00

Gust Effect Factor (G) = 0.85 Ultimate Wind Speed = 120 mph
Kzt = 1.00 Exposure = C

A. Solid Freestanding Walls & Solid Signs (& open signs with less than 30% open)
s/h = 0.25 Case A & B
Dist to sign top (h) 80.0 ft B/s = 2.50 Cf = 1.80
Height (s) 20.0 ft Lr/s = 0.00 F = qh G Cf As = 57.9 As
Width (B) 50.0 ft Kz = 1.208 As = 10.0 sf
Wall Return (Lr) = 0.0 ft qh = 37.8 psf F = 579 lbs
Directionality (Kd) 0.85
Percent of open area Open reduction CaseC
to gross area 0.0% factor = 1.00 Horiz dist from
windward edge Cf F=qhGCfAs (psf)
Case C reduction factors 0 to s 2.43 78.0 As
Factor if s/h>0.8 = 1.00 s to 2s 1.60 51.5 As
Wall return factor 2s to 3s 1.15 37.0 As
for Cf at 0 to s = 1.00

B. Open Signs & Single-Plane Open Frames (openings 30% or more of gross area)
Height to centroid of Af (z) 15.0 ft Kz = 0.849
Base pressure (qz) = 26.6 psf
Width (zero if round) 0.0 ft
Diameter (zero if rect) 2.0 ft D(qz)^.5 = 10.31 F = qz G Cf Af = 24.9 Af
Percent of open area Î = 0.65 Solid Area: Af = 10.0 sf
to gross area 35.0% Cf = 1.1 F = 249 lbs
Directionality (Kd) 0.85

C. Chimneys, Tanks, & Similar Structures

Height to centroid of Af (z) 15.0 ft Kz = 0.849
Cross-Section Round Base pressure (qz) = 29.7 psf
Directionality (Kd) 0.95 h/D = 15.00
Height (h) 15.0 ft D(qz)^.5 = 5.45
Width (D) 1.0 ft
Type of Surface Rough (D'/D = 0.02)
Round
Cf = 0.84
F = qz G Cf Af = 21.3 Af
Af = 10.0 sf
F = 213 lbs

D. Trussed Towers
Height to centroid of Af (z) 15.0 ft Kz = 0.849
 = 0.27 Base pressure (qz) = 26.6 psf
Tower Cross Section square
Member Shape flat Diagonal wind factor = 1.2
Directionality (Kd) 0.85 Round member factor = 1.000

Square (wind along tower diagonal) Square (wind normal to face)

Cf = 3.24 Cf = 2.70
F = qz G Cf Af = 73.2 Af F = qz G Cf Af = 61.0 Af
Solid Area: Af = 10.0 sf Solid Area: Af = 10.0 sf
F= 732 lbs F = 610 lbs
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Snow Loads : ASCE 7- 16 Nominal Snow Forces

Roof slope = 1.2 deg
Horiz. eave to ridge dist (W) = 87.5 ft
Roof length parallel to ridge (L) = 300.0 ft

Type of Roof Hip and gable w/ trussed systems

Ground Snow Load Pg = 30.0 psf
Risk Category = II
Importance Factor I = 1.0
Roof R value Rroof = 30
Thermal Factor Ct = 1.000
Exposure Factor Ce = 1.0
Pf = 0.7*Ce*Ct*I*Pg = 20.5 psf
Unobstructed Slippery Surface no

Sloped-roof Factor Cs = 1.00

Balanced Snow Load = 20.5 psf Near ground level surface balanced snow load = 30.0 psf

Rain on Snow Surcharge Angle 1.75 deg

Code Maximum Rain Surcharge 5.0 psf
Rain on Snow Surcharge = 0.0 psf
Ps plus rain surcharge = 20.5 psf
Minimum Snow Load Pm = 20.0 psf NOTE: Alternate spans of continuous beams shall be loaded
with half the design roof snow load so as to produce the greatest
Uniform Roof Design Snow Load = 20.5 psf possible effect - see code for loading diagrams and exceptions
for gable roofs

Unbalanced Snow Loads - for Hip & Gable roofs only 0.55
Required if slope is between 7 on 12 = 30.26 deg
and 2.38 deg = 2.38 deg Unbalanced snow loads are not required
Windward snow load = 20.5 psf
Leeward snow load = 20.5 psf

Snow Drift 1 - Against roof projections, parapets, etc

Up or downwind fetch lu = 220.0 ft
Projection height h = 5.2 ft
Projection width/length lp = 20.0 ft
Snow density γ = 17.9 pcf
Balanced snow height hb = 1.14 ft
hd = 3.77 ft
hc = 4.06 ft
hc/hb >0.2 = 3.5 Therefore, design for drift
Drift height (hd) = 3.77 ft
Drift width w = 15.08 ft
Surcharge load: pd = γ*hd = 67.5 psf
Balanced Snow load: = 20.5 psf
88.0 psf
Snow Drift 2- Against roof projections, parapets, etc
Up or downwind fetch lu = 50.0 ft
Projection height h = 4.0 ft
Projection width/length lp = 20.0 ft Note: If bottom of projection is at least 2 feet
Snow density γ = 17.9 pcf above hb then snow drift is not required.
Balanced snow height hb = 1.14 ft
hd = 1.86 ft
hc = 2.86 ft
hc/hb >0.2 = 2.5 Therefore, design for drift
Drift height (hd) = 1.86 ft
Drift width w = 7.45 ft
Surcharge load: pd = γ*hd = 33.3 psf
Balanced Snow load: = 20.5 psf
53.8 psf
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Snow Loads - from adjacent building or roof: ASCE 7- 16 Nominal Snow Forces
Higher Roof Lower Roof
Roof slope = 1.2 deg 0.00 / 12 = 0.0 deg
Horiz. eave to ridge dist (W) = 87.5 ft 24.0 ft
Roof length parallel to ridge (L) = 300.0 ft 240.0 ft 0.55
Projection height (roof step) h = 8.0 ft
Building separation s = 5.0 ft

Type of Roof Hip and gable w/ trussed systems Monoslope

Ground Snow Load Pg = 20.0 psf 20.0 psf
Risk Category = II II
Importance Factor I = 1 1
Roof R value Rroof = 30 10

Thermal Factor Ct = 1.100 1.100

Exposure Factor Ce = 1.0 1.0
Pf = 0.7*Ce*Ct*I*Pg = 15.4 psf 15.4 psf

Unobstructed Slippery Surface no no

Sloped-roof Factor Cs = 1.00 1.00
Balanced Snow Load Ps = 15.4 psf 15.4 psf

Rain on Snow Surcharge Angle 1.75 deg 0.48 deg

Code Maximum Rain Surcharge 5.0 psf 5.0 psf
Rain on Snow Surcharge = 5.0 psf 5.0 psf
NOTE: Alternate spans of continuous beams and
Ps plus rain surcharge = 20.4 psf 20.4 psf
other areas shall be loaded with half the design
Minimum Snow Load Pm = 20.0 psf 20.0 psf
roof snow load so as to produce the greatest
possible effect - see code.
Uniform Roof Design Snow Load = 20.4 psf 20.4 psf
Building Official Minimum =

Leeward Snow Drifts - from adjacent higher roof

Upper roof length lu = 250.0 ft
Snow density ɣ = 16.6 pcf
Balanced snow height hb = 0.93 ft
hc = 7.07 ft
hc/hb >0.2 = 7.6 Therefore, design for drift
(6h-s)/6 = 7.17 ft
Drift height = 4.84 ft
Drift width w = 29.04 ft
Surcharge load: pd = γ*hd = 80.3 psf
Balanced Snow load: = 15.4 psf
95.7 psf Leeward drift controls
Windward Snow Drifts - from low roof against high roof
Lower roof length lu = 80.0 ft
Adj structure factor = 0.75
Drift height = 0.88 ft
Drift width w = 3.51 ft
Surcharge load: pd = γ*hd = 14.6 psf
Balanced Snow load: = 15.4 psf
30.0 psf

Sliding Snow - onto lower roof

Sliding snow = 0.4 Pf W = 0.0 plf
Distributed over 15 feet = 0.0 psf
hd + hb = 0.93 ft
hd + hb < =h therefore sliding snow = 0.0 psf
Balanced snow load = 15.4 psf
Uniform snow load = 15.4 psf

Sliding snow not required since upper roof slope is 1/4 in 12 or less
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Seismic Loads: IBC 2021 Strength Level Forces

Risk Category : II
Importance Factor (Ie) : 1.00
Site Class : D

Ss (0.2 sec) = 0.60 g Fa = 1.320

S1 (1.0 sec) = 0.10 g Fv = 2.400
Site specific ground motion analysis performed:
Sms = 0.792 SDS = 0.528 Design Category = D
Sm1 = 0.240 SD1 = 0.160 Design Category = C

Seismic Design Category = D

Redundancy Coefficient ρ = 1.30
Number of Stories: 3

Structure Type: All other building systems

Horizontal Struct Irregularities: No plan Irregularity
Vertical Structural Irregularities: No vertical Irregularity
Flexible Diaphragms: No
Building System: Structural steel systems not specifically detailed for seismic resistance
Seismic resisting system: Structural steel systems not specifically detailed for seismic resistance
System Structural Height Limit: System not permitted for this seismic design category
Actual Structural Height (hn) = 62.0 ft
See ASCE7 Section 12.2.5 for exceptions and other system limitations

DESIGN COEFFICIENTS AND FACTORS

Response Modification Coefficient (R) = 3 To = 0.2(Sd1/Sds) = 0.061
Over-Strength Factor (Ωo) = 3 Ts = Sd1/Sds = 0.303
Deflection Amplification Factor (Cd) = 3 Long Period Transition Period (TL) = error, you need to
enter TL (see link above right)
SDS = 0.528
SD1 = 0.160
Seismic Load Effect (E) = Eh +/-Ev = ρ QE +/- 0.2SDS D = 1.3Qe +/-0.106D QE = horizontal seismic force
Special Seismic Load Effect (Em) = Emh +/- Ev = Ωo QE +/- 0.2SDS D = &G40&"Qe 0.106D
+/- D = dead load

ALLOWABLE STORY DRIFT

Structure Type: All other structures
Allowable story drift Δa = 0.020hsx where hsx is the story height below level x

PERMITTED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

Index Force Analysis - Method Not Permitted (only applies to Seismic Category A)

Model & Seismic Response Analysis - Permitted (see code for procedure)

Equivalent Lateral-Force (ELF) Analysis - Permitted

Building period coef. (CT) = 0.020 Cu = 1.58
x
Approx fundamental period (Ta) = CThn = 0.442 sec x= 0.75 Tmax = CuTa = 0.698 sec
User calculated fundamental period = T = 0.442 sec

Seismic response coef. (Cs) = SdsI/R = 0.176

need not exceed Cs = Sd1 I TL/RT^2 = 0.000
but not less than Cs = 0.044Sds*I = 0.023
USE Cs = 0.023
Design Base Shear V = 0.023W
 SEISMIC FORCES AT FLOORS - ELF Procedure
Total Stories = 1 Floor Dead Load = 80.0 psf Roof Snow Load = 0.0 psf
Building length L = 300.0 ft Floor LL to include = 0.0 psf Roof Equip wt = 0.0 kips
Building width W = 175.0 ft Floor Equip wt = 0.0 kips Parapet weight = 0.0 psf
hn = 62.0 ft Partition weight = 10.0 psf Parapet height = 0.0 ft
k= 1.000 Ext Wall Weight = 50.0 psf
V = enter TL (see link above
Roof
right)
Dead Load = 20.0 psf Diaphragm shall be designed for level force Fx,
Bottom Floor (level 1) is a slab on grade but not less than Fpx = (S Fi / S wi) wpx, but :
Fpx min = 0.2SDS Ie wpx = 0.106 wpx
Seismic Forces (Including all exterior walls) Fpx max = 0.4SDS Ie wpx = 0.211 wpx
EL above Level Cvx = V = 32.7k
k
Seismic Base Weight Wx hx Wx hxk Base Shear Distribution Diaphragm Force Fpx
S Wi hi Fx=CvxV S Fx (k) S Wi (k)
k
Level (x) hx (ft) Wx (kips) (ft-kips) Story M Fpx Design Fpx
Roof 15.00 1,406 21,094 1.000 32.67 32.7 0 1,406 32.7 148.5
1 0.00 0 0 0.000 0.00 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
Base 1,406 1.000 32.7 490
490 = Base M

Diaphragm Forces excluding parallel exterior walls

Diaphragm Force Fpx Parallel to Bldg Length V= 27k Diaphragm Force Fpx Normal to Bldg Length V= 30k
Cvx = Fx=CvxV S Fx (k) S Wi (k) Fpx Design Fpx Level (x) Cvx = Fx=CvxV S Fx (k) S Wi (k) Fpx Design Fpx
1.000 27.44 27.4 1,181 27.4 124.7 Roof 1.000 29.6 29.6 1,275 29.6 134.6
0.000 0.00 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.000 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
1.000 27.4 Base 1.000 29.6
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Seismic Loads - cont. : Strength Level Forces Seismic Design Category (SDC)= D
Ie = 1.00
CONNECTIONS Sds = 0.528
Force to connect smaller portions of structure to remainder of structure
Fp = 0.133Sdswp = 0.070 wp
or Fp = 0.05wp = 0.05 wp Use Fp = 0.07 wp wp = weight of smaller portion

Beam, girder or truss connection for resisting horizontal force parallel to member
FP = no less than 0.05 times dead plus live load vertical reaction

Anchorage of Structural Walls to elements providing lateral support

Fp = not less than 0.2KaIeWp Flexible diaphragm span Lf =
Enter Lf to calculate Fp for flexible diaphragm
Fp =0.4SdskaIeWp = 0.211 Wp, but not less than 0.2Wp (rigid diaphragm) ka= 1 Fp = 0.211 Wp
w/ anchor adjustment factor but Fp shall not be less than 5 psf
h= 62.0 Flexible Diaphragm: Fp= Wp
z= 62.0 Rigid Diaphragm: Fp= 0.211 Wp factor = 1.000
MEMBER DESIGN
Bearing Walls and Shear Walls (out of plane force)
Fp = 0.4SdsIeWw = 0.211 ww
but not less than 0.10 ww Use Fp = 0.211 ww

Diaphragms
Fp = (Sum Fi / Sum Wi)Wpx + Vpx = (Sum Fi / Sum Wi)Wpx + Vpx
need not exceed 0.4 SdsIeWpx + Vpx = 0.211 Wpx + Vpx
but not less than 0.2 SdsIeWpx + Vpx = 0.106 Wpx + Vpx

ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS

Architectural Component : Cantilever Elements (Unbraced or Braced to Structural Frame Below Its Center of Mass):
Chimneys and stacks when laterally braced or supported by the structural frame
Importance Factor (Ip) : 1.0
Component Amplification Factor (ap) = 2.5 h= 62.0 feet
Comp Response Modification Factor (Rp) = 2.5 z= 20.0 feet z/h = 0.32
Over-Strength Factor (Ωo) = 2
Fp = 0.4apSdsIpWp(1+2z/h)/Rp = 0.347 Wp
not greater than Fp = 1.6SdsIpWp = 0.845 Wp
but not less than Fp = 0.3SdsIpWp = 0.158 Wp use Fp = 0.347 Wp

MECH AND ELEC COMPONENTS SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS Seismic Design Category D & Ip=1.0, therefore
see ASCE7 Section 13.1.4 for exceptions

Mech or Electrical Component : Suspended vibration isolated equipment including in-line duct devices and suspended
internally isolated components.
Importance Factor (Ip) : 1.0
Component Amplification Factor (ap) = 2.5 h= 62.0 feet
Comp Response Modification Factor (Rp) = 2.5 z= 20.0 feet z/h = 0.32
Over-Strength Factor (Ωo) = 2
Fp = 0.4apSdsIpWp(1+2z/h)/Rp = 0.347 Wp
not greater than Fp = 1.6SdsIpWp = 0.845 Wp
but not less than Fp = 0.3SdsIpWp = 0.158 Wp use Fp = 0.347 Wp
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Rain Loads : ASCE 7- 16

Rain Intensity i = 7.23 in/hr

Static Head ds = 2.00 inches
Tributary Roof Area A = 2500 SF
Ponding Head dp = 2.00 inches

Flow Rate Q = 188.0 gal/min

Type of overflow device: Rectangular Closed Scupper 4" high width = 16.0 in

Hydraulic Head dh = 2.69 inches

Design Rain Load R = 5.2(ds + dh + dp) = 34.8 psf at primary drain

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Tornado Loads : Change Code to ASCE 7-22 or 2024 IBC to design for tornados

Risk Category II Tornado Design is not required for Risk Category I or II

Effective Plan Area (Ae) 50,000 SF
Tornado Speed (VT) 120.0 mph
Ground EL Factor (Ke) 1.00
Exposure Coeff (KhTor) 1.00
Enclosure Classif. Enclosed Building
Internal pressure Coefficient:
positive 0.55
negative -0.18
Directionality Factor (KdT):
MWFRS 0.80 use 1.00
C&C Roof Zone 1' 1.00 Essential Facility
C&C for all others 1.00
Rooftop equipment 1.00
Other structures, use wind Kd

qhT = .00256KhTor KeVT^2 = 36.9 psf

Tornado Gust Effect Factor GT
h= 62.0 ft
B= 175.0 ft
/z (0.6h) = 37.2 ft
ē= 0.20
ℓ = 500 ft
zmin = 15 ft
c= 0.20
gQ, gv = 3.4
Lz = 512.1 ft
Q= 0.85
Iz = 0.20
GT = 0.85 >0.85 use Gt = 0.85 G= 0.85 Using default Gt

Tornado Pressure Coefficient Adjustment Factor for Vertical Winds KvT

Buildings
Negative (uplift) pressures on Roofs
Main Wind Force Resisting System 1.10
Components and Cladding:
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg
Roof Slope ≤ 7 degrees
Zone 1 1.20
Zone 2 1.05
Zone 3 1.05
Positive (downward) pressures on Roofs 1.00
Wall Presures 1.00
All Other Cases 1.00

Other Structures
Negative (uplift) pressures on Rooftop Structures and Equipment and
Rooftop Solar Panels Parallel to the Roof Surface
Main Wind Force Resisting System 1.10
Components and Cladding: 1.00
All other cases 1.00
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Change Code to ASCE 7-22 or 2024 IBC to design for tornados

KdT = 1.00 Enclosed Building
Tornado Base pressure (qhT) = 36.9 psf Bldg dim parallel to ridge = 300.0 ft GCpiT = + 0.55 -0.18
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg Bldg dim normal to ridge = 175.0 ft GT = 0.85
Roof tributary area: h= 62.0 ft qi = qhT
Wind normal to ridge =(h/2)*L: 9300 sf ridge ht = 63.8 ft
Wind parallel to ridge =(h/2)*L: 5425 sf Roof Uplift KvT = 1.10
Walls & Positive Roof KvT = 1.00

Ultimate Tornado Surface Pressures (psf)

Wind Normal to Ridge Wind Parallel to Ridge
L/B = 0.58 h/L = 0.35 L/B = 1.71 h/L = 0.21
Surface Cp +++ w/+qiGCpiT w/-qhGCpiT Dist.* Cp +++ w/ +qiGCpiT w/ -qhGCpiT
Windward Wall (WW) @ h 0.80 25.1 4.8 31.7 0.80 25.1 4.8 31.7
Leeward Wall (LW) @ h -0.50 -15.7 -35.9 -9.0 -0.36 -11.2 -31.5 -4.6
Side Wall (SW) @ h -0.70 -21.9 -42.2 -15.3 -0.70 -21.9 -42.2 -15.3
Leeward Roof (LR) ** Included in windward roof
Neg Windward Roof: 0 to h/2* -0.90 -31.0 -51.3 -24.4 0 to h/2* -0.90 -31.0 -51.3 -24.4
h/2 to h* -0.90 -31.0 -51.3 -24.4 h/2 to h* -0.90 -31.0 -51.3 -24.4
h to 2h* -0.50 -17.2 -37.5 -10.6 h to 2h* -0.50 -17.2 -37.5 -10.6
> 2h* -0.30 -10.3 -30.6 -17.0 > 2h* -0.30 -10.3 -30.6 -3.7
Pos/min windward roof press. -0.18 -6.2 -26.5 1.0 Min press. -0.18 -6.2 -26.5 1.0
+++ is qhTKdTKvTGCp For monoslope roofs, entire roof surface is either windward or leeward surface
*Horizontal distance from windward edge
**Roof angle < 10 degrees. Therefore, leeward roof is included in windward roof pressure zones.

Windward roof overhangs : 25.1 psf (upward : add to +++ windward roof pressure)

Parapet
z KzTor qpT (psf)
64.0 ft 1.000 36.9
Windward parapet: 55.3 psf (GCpn = +1.5)
Leeward parapet: -36.9 psf (GCpn = -1.0)

Wall Pressures at "z" (psf) Leeward Wall Combined WW + LW

Windward Wall Normal Parallel Side Walls Wind Normal Wind Parallel
z KzTor qzT qKKGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi w/+qiGCpi w/+qhGCpi w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi to Ridge to Ridge
0 to 200' 1.000 36.9 25.1 4.8 31.7 -35.9 -31.5 -42.2 -15.3 40.7 36.3

1
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Change Code to ASCE 7-22 or 2024 IBC to design for tornados

Tornado Base pressure (qhT) = 36.9 psf Min parapet ht = 2.0 ft KvT neg zone 1 = 1.20
Essential Facility KdT = 1.00 h= 62.0 ft KvT neg zone 2 = 1.05
Roof Zone 1' KdT = 1.00 a= 17.5 ft KvT neg zone 3 = 1.05
Roof Angle (θ) = 1.2 deg KvT pos roof = 1.00
Type of roof = Monoslope GCpiT = + 0.55 -0.18 KvT wall = 1.00
Enclosed Building qi = qhT = 36.9 psf

Roof GCp Ultimate Surface Pressure (psf) User input

Area 10 sf 50 sf 100 sf 500 sf 10 sf 50 sf 100 sf 500 sf 50 sf 250 sf
error -1.40 -1.19 -1.11 -0.90 -82.2 -72.9 -69.4 -60.1 -73.1 -64.0
error -2.30 -2.01 -1.89 -1.60 -109.3 -98.1 -93.4 -82.2 -98.2 -87.0
error -3.20 -2.83 -2.67 -2.30 -144.1 -129.8 -123.6 -109.3 -129.8 -115.5
error - - - - 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
error -2.30 -2.04 -1.91 -1.60 -95.1 -83.9 -78.4 -65.6 -83.9 -71.1
error -3.20 -2.86 -2.69 -2.30 -122.2 -109.0 -102.6 -87.7 -109.0 -94.1
error -4.10 -3.67 -3.47 -3.00 -157.0 -140.6 -132.8 -114.8 -140.6 -122.6
error -5.00 -4.40 -4.07 -3.30 -190.2 -167.5 -155.0 -125.9 -167.5 -138.4
error
error
Overhang pressures are from ASCE 7-22 procedure and assume internal pressure coef of 0.0
Overhang soffit pressure equals adj wall pressure (which includes internal pressure of 20.3 psf)

Parapet
pT KdT= 36.9 psf Ultimate Surface Pressure (psf) User input
Solid Parapet Pressure 10 sf 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 200 sf
error 118.0 113.4 104.2 97.2 90.3 81.1 90.3
error 151.1 145.3 134.3 126.1 117.8 109.6 117.8
error
error
error -66.4 -66.4 -61.1 -57.1 -53.2 -47.9 -53.2
error -99.5 -99.5 -88.0 -79.3 -70.5 -59.0 -70.5

Walls GCp Ultimate Surface Pressure at h User input

Area 20 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 20 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf 100 sf 500 sf
Negative Zone 4 -0.90 -0.80 -0.76 -0.70 -53.5 -49.8 -48.2 -46.1 -49.8 -46.1
Negative Zone 5 -1.80 -1.40 -1.23 -1.00 -86.6 -71.9 -65.5 -57.1 -71.9 -57.1
Positive Zone 4 & 5 0.90 0.75 0.69 0.60 39.8 34.3 31.9 28.8 34.3 28.8
NOTE: Negative zones 4 & 5 pressures apply to all heights. Positive pressures vary with height, see below.

Wall surface pressure at 'z' Positive zone 4 & 5 (psf) User input
z KzTor KdT KvT qz (psf) 20 100 200 500 100 sf 500 sf
0 to 200 1.00 1.00 36.9 39.8 34.3 31.9 28.8 34.3 28.8
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Roof Design Loads

Items Description Multiple psf (max) psf (min)
Roofing 3 ply felt & gravel 5.5 5.0
Decking Metal Roof deck, 1.5, 22 ga. 1.7 1.2
Framing Steel roof joists & girders 3.0 2.0
Insulation Rigid insulation, per 1" x 2.0 3.0 1.4
Ceiling Suspended acoustical tile 1.8 1.0
Mech & Elec Mech. & Elec. 2.0 0.0
Misc. Misc. 0.5 0.0
0.0 0.0

Actual Dead Load 17.5 10.6

Use this DL instead 20.0 9.0
Live Load 20.0 0.0
Snow Load 20.5 0.0
Ultimate Wind (zone 2 - 100 sf) 16.0 -69.9
ASD Loading D+S 40.5 -
D + 0.75(0.6*W + S) 42.5 -
0.6*D + 0.6*W - -36.5
LRFD Loading 1.2D + 1.6 S + 0.5W 64.7 -
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5S 50.2 -
0.9D + 1.0W - -61.8

Roof Live Load Reduction Roof angle 0.25 / 12 1.2 deg

0 to 200 sf: 20.0 psf

200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf
over 600 sf: 12.0 psf

300 sf 18.0 psf

400 sf 16.0 psf
500 sf 14.0 psf
User Input: 450 sf 15.0 psf
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Floor Design Loads

Items Description Multiple psf (max) psf (min)

Flooring Carpet & pad 1.0 1.0

Topping Concrete lightwt per 1" x 4.5 45.0 38.3
Decking Metal Floor deck - 2", 20ga 2.0 1.5
Framing Steel floor bms/joists & girders 8.0 5.0
Topping Deflection Concrete 12.5 2.0
Ceiling Suspended acoustical tile 1.8 1.0
Sprinklers Sprinklers 2.0 0.0
Mech & Elec Mech. & Elec. 2.0 0.0
Misc. Misc. 0.5 0.0

Actual Dead Load 74.8 48.8

Use this DL instead 80.0 65.0
Partitions 15.0 0.0
Live Load 50.0 0.0
Total Live Load 65.0 0.0
Total Load 145.0 48.8

FLOOR LIVE LOAD REDUCTION (not including partitions)

NOTE: Not allowed for assembly occupancy or LL>100psf or passenger car garages,
except may reduce members supporting 2 or more floors & non-assembly 20%.
IBC alternate procedure
Smallest of:
L=Lo(0.25+15/√KLLAT) R= .08%(SF - 150)
Unreduced design live load: Lo = 50 psf R= 23.1(1+D/L) = 60.1%
R= 40% member supports 1 floor
Floor member & 1 floor cols KLL = 2 R= 60% member supports ≥2 floors
Tributary Area AT = 300 sf R= 12.0%
Reduced live load: L = 43.1 psf Reduced live load: L = 44.0 psf

Columns (2 or more floors) KLL = 4

Tributary Area AT = 500 sf R= 28.0%
Reduced live load: L = 29.3 psf Reduced live load: L = 36.0 psf
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Wall Design Load #1

Items Description Multiple psf (max) psf (min)

Sheathing 7/16" plywood/OSB 1.6 1.4

Sheathing 5/8" gypsum 2.8 2.5
Framing 6" metal studs @16" 2.5 0.9
veneer 4" Clay Brick 40.0 38.0
Wall Covering 1" Wood Paneling x 0.38 0.9 0.9
Insulation R-11 Fiberglass insul. 0.4 0.4
Mech & Elec Mech. & Elec. 1.0 0.0
Misc. Misc. 0.5 0.0

Actual Dead Load 49.7 44.0

Use this DL instead 50.0 40.0

Wall Design Load #2

Items Description Multiple psf (max) psf (min)

Sheathing 7/16" plywood/OSB 1.6 1.4
Sheathing 5/8" gypsum 2.8 2.5
Framing CMU wall 47.0 45.0
veneer 7/8" Stucco 10.0 10.0
0.0 0.0
Insulation R-11 Fiberglass insul. 0.4 0.4
Mech & Elec Mech. & Elec. 1.0 0.0
Misc. Misc. 0.5 0.0

Actual Dead Load 63.3 59.3

Use this DL instead 65.0 55.0
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CODE SUMMARY

Code: International Building Code 2021

Live Loads:
Roof 0 to 200 sf: 20 psf
200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf
over 600 sf: 12 psf
Roofs used for roof gardens 100 psf

Typical Floor 50 psf

Partitions 15 psf
Corridors above first floor 80 psf
Lobbies & first floor corridors 100 psf
Stairs and exit ways 100 psf

Dead Loads:
Floor 80.0 psf
Roof 20.0 psf

Roof Snow Loads:

Design Uniform Roof Snow load = 20.5 psf
Flat Roof Snow Load Pf = 20.5 psf
Risk Category = II
Balanced Snow Load Ps = 20.5 psf
Ground Snow Load Pg = 30.0 psf
Importance Factor I = 1.00
Snow Exposure Factor Ce = 0.97
Thermal Factor Ct = 1.00
Sloped-roof Factor Cs = 1.00
Drift Surcharge load Pd =
Width of Snow Drift w =

Earthquake Design Data:

Risk Category = II
Importance Factor I = 1.00
Mapped spectral response accelerations Ss = 0.60 g
S1 = 0.10 g
Site Class = D
Spectral Response Coef. Sds = 0.528
Sd1 = 0.160
Seismic Design Category = D
Basic Structural System = Structural steel systems not specifically detailed for seismic resistance
Seismic Resisting System = Structural steel systems not specifically detailed for seismic resistance
Design Base Shear V = 0.023W
Seismic Response Coef. Cs = 0.023
Response Modification Factor R = 3
Analysis Procedure = Equivalent Lateral-Force Analysis

Rain Design Data:

Rain intensity i= 7.23 in/hr
Rain Load R= 34.8 psf

Wind Design Data:

Ultimate Design Wind Speed 120 mph
Nominal Design Wind Speed 92.95 mph
Risk Category II
Mean Roof Ht (h) 62.0 ft
Exposure Category C
Enclosure Classif. Enclosed Building
Internal pressure Coef. +/-0.18
Directionality (Kd) 0.85
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Component and Cladding Ultimate Wind Pressures

Roof Surface Pressure (psf)

Area 10 sf 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf 200 sf 350 sf 500 sf 1000 sf
Negative Zone 1 -67.4 -63.0 -57.1 -52.6 -48.2 -44.6 -42.3 -42.3
Negative Zone 1' -38.7 -38.7 -38.7 -38.7 -33.3 -29.0 -26.2 -20.8
Negative Zone 2 -88.9 -83.2 -75.7 -69.9 -64.2 -59.6 -56.7 -56.7
Negative Zone 3 -121.2 -109.8 -94.7 -83.2 -71.8 -62.5 -56.7 -56.7
Positive All Zones 17.2 16.1 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0

Overhang Zone 1&1' -61.0 -59.9 -58.5 -57.4 -48.1 -40.6 -35.9 -35.9
Overhang Zone 2 -82.5 -74.9 -64.8 -57.2 -49.5 -43.4 -39.4 -39.4
Overhang Zone 3 -114.8 -101.4 -83.8 -70.4 -57.1 -46.3 -39.4 -39.4

Overhang soffit pressure equals adj wall pressure (which includes internal pressure of 6.5 psf)

Parapet Solid Parapet Pressure (psf)

Area 10 sf 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf
CASE A: Zone 2 : 115.5 108.0 98.1 90.7 83.2 73.3
Zone 3 : 148.0 134.8 117.3 104.0 90.8 73.3

CASE B: Interior zone : -68.2 -64.8 -60.2 -56.8 -53.3 -48.7

Corner zone : -78.0 -72.8 -65.9 -60.8 -55.6 -48.7

Wall Surface Pressure (psf)

Area 10 sf 100 sf 200 sf 500 sf
Negative Zone 4 -42.0 -36.3 -34.5 -32.3
Negative Zone 5 -51.6 -40.2 -36.8 -32.3
Positive Zone 4 & 5 38.7 33.0 31.3 29.0