1.STRUCTURALISM (Wilhelm Wundt) 2. FUNCTIONALISM (WILLIAM 3.

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY (KOHLER,

JAMES, JOHN DEWEY) KOFFKA, WERTHEIMAN)
1.Was very interested in thought of INTROSPECTION
consciousness. - was a 1.ACC TO WILLIAM JAMES, Instead 1. GESTALT means
procedure in ABOUT WILLIAM JAMES
of focusing on the structure of the FORM/CONFIGURATION
2.He used introspection to gather data. which mind, psychology should instead Psychological Laboratory in
individuals or 2. Focussed on the organisation of
3.Wundt was interested in the study of study what the mind does and how Cambridge, Mascuchettes
subjects in Perceptual experiences. (WHAT WE
conscious experience and wanted to behaviour functions in making soon after developed of
psychological PERCEIVE)
analyze the building blocks of mind. people deal with their environment Leipzig Laboratory.
experiments
3. what we experience is more than
4.CRITICISM – 1. Highly subjective in were asked to 2.John Dewey, used functionalism to
the inputs received from our
nature. describe in argue that human beings seek to
environment.
detail, their function effectively by adapting to
2. less scientific own mental their environment. 4. our perceptual experience is more
processes or than the elements.
experiences
BEHAVIOURISM (JOHN WATSON, B.F. Experience is holistic; it is a Gestalt
SKINNER, IVAN PAVLOV)
SCHOOLS OF
1. According to him, scientific DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE (JEAN
psychology must focus on what is PSYCHOLOGY PIAGET, VYGOTSKY)
observable and verifiable.
1. Human being construct their
2. He defined psychology as a study of own mind through their
PSYCHOANALYSIS(SEGMUND HUMANISITC PERSPECTIVE (CARL
behaviour or responses (to stimuli) exploration into physical and
FREUD) ROGERS, ABRAHAM MASLOW)
which can be measured and studied social world.
objectively. 1. Humanistic perspective in 2. They focussed on the different
1. Freud viewed human behaviour
as a dynamic manifestation of psychology took a more positive view development’s that took place
3. Behaviourism of Watson was
unconscious desires and conflicts. of human nature. from birth to old age like
further developed by many influential
physical development, social,
psychologists who are known as 2. Emphasised the free will of human
2. He founded Psychoanalysis as a moral etc.
behaviourists beings and their natural striving to
system to understand and cure
Psychological Disorders. grow and unfold their inner potential
i.e. what they are capable of doing. Cognition is the process of knowing It
3. Freudian psychoanalysis viewed involves thinking, understanding,
human beings as motivated by 3.Free will of human beings to grow perceiving, memorising, problem solving
unconscious desire for gratification i.e. they are free to do whatever and a host of other mental processes by
of pleasure seeking (and often, they choose to do. which our knowledge of the world develops,
sexual) desires. making us able to deal with the environment
Cognition is the