Cambridge IGCSE™

* 2 1 7 9 6 1 9 1 1 7 *

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/41

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2020

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 20 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ/JG) 191904/2
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1 (a) Table 1.1 shows the percentage composition of the gases in inspired air and in expired air.

Table 1.1

percentage composition of percentage composition of

gas
inspired air expired air
carbon dioxide 0.04 4
nitrogen 78 78
oxygen 21 16

Explain why the percentage of carbon dioxide is greater in expired air than in inspired air.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) State two features of alveoli that make them efficient gas exchange surfaces.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Fig. 1.1 shows some cells which line the trachea.

cilia

mucus

cell C

Fig. 1.1

(i) State the name of cell C as shown in Fig. 1.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the roles of cilia and mucus in the protection of the gas exchange system.

cilia ....................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

mucus ................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iii) Describe one effect of tar in tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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2 The formula of methanol is CH3OH.

(a) Explain why methanol is not a hydrocarbon.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram for a molecule of methanol.

C O

[2]

(ii) Explain why a molecule of methanol contains only covalent bonds.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Methanol is used as a fuel because it burns in oxygen.

Complete the equation for the complete combustion of methanol.

2CH3OH + .................................. .................................. + ..................................

[2]

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(d) Fig. 2.1 shows the energy level diagram for the complete combustion of methanol.

energy

progress of reaction

Fig. 2.1

(i) On Fig. 2.1, write the words reactants and products in suitable places. [1]

(ii) State what the energy value X on Fig. 2.1 represents.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) During the combustion of methanol, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
increases.

Suggest one effect of this increase.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a spacecraft taking off from the Moon.

rocket
engine

Fig. 3.1

(a) The total mass of the spacecraft is 5000 kg.

(i) The gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1.6 N / kg.

Calculate the weight of the spacecraft on the Moon.

weight = ..................................................... N [1]

(ii) The rocket engine pushes the spacecraft vertically upwards with a constant force of
15 000 N.

Calculate the work done by the rocket engine to move the spacecraft to a height of 500 m.

work done = ....................................................... J [2]

(iii) Use your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the
spacecraft at 500 m above the Moon’s surface.

gravitational potential energy = ...................................................... J [2]

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(iv) Explain the difference between your answers to (a)(ii) and (a)(iii).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 3.2 shows two large mirrors left behind on the Moon’s surface.

The two mirrors are arranged at 90° to each other.

A laser light beam from the Earth can be reflected back to the Earth by the mirrors. This
enables the distance between the Earth and the Moon to be measured.

incident ray of
light from Earth
mirror

mirror

Fig. 3.2

(i) On Fig. 3.2 complete the ray diagram to show how the ray of light is reflected back
parallel to the incident ray. [2]

(ii) Light takes 2.56 s to travel from the Earth to the Moon and back again.

The speed of electromagnetic waves in space is 3.00 × 105 km / s.

Calculate the distance from the Earth to the Moon.

distance = ................................................... km [2]

[Total: 10]

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4 (a) If the light shining on a shoot tip is more intense on one side, the shoot shows a growth
response.

Name the response of the shoot to light.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a shoot which is evenly illuminated.

Fig. 4.2 shows how the same shoot grows when light shines from one side.

cells C
cells C

Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2

(i) On Fig. 4.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of the light shining on the shoot. [1]

(ii) The response by the shoot in Fig. 4.2 is shown by most plants.

Describe the advantage of this response.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Describe how cells C are different in Fig. 4.1 compared with Fig. 4.2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Describe the role of the hormone auxin in the response of the shoot shown in Fig. 4.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) The hormone adrenaline is secreted in humans. Table 4.1 shows some statements about
adrenaline.

In Table 4.1 place a tick (3) to show two correct statements about adrenaline.

Table 4.1

statement about adrenaline tick (3) if correct

causes pupils of the eye to get smaller
increases the blood glucose concentration
increases the pulse rate
less is secreted when a person is scared
slows the rate of breathing
[2]

[Total: 9]

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5 (a) Iron is a transition element.

State one property of iron that is common to all transition elements but not to other metals.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows the arrangement of particles in pure solid iron.

iron
atom

Fig. 5.1

(i) Explain why a high temperature is needed to melt solid iron.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Steel is an alloy of iron. It contains iron atoms and smaller carbon atoms.

Complete Fig. 5.2 to show the arrangement of atoms in solid steel.

iron
atom

Fig. 5.2
[1]

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(c) Iron is extracted from iron oxide in the blast furnace.

(i) The word equation for one of the reactions in the blast furnace is shown.

iron oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide

State why this is a redox reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Iron(III) oxide contains iron(III) ions, Fe3+, and oxide ions, O2–.

Deduce the formula of iron(III) oxide.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Magnesium can be extracted from magnesium oxide by electrolysis.

Explain why magnesium cannot be extracted from magnesium oxide in a blast furnace.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 Naphthalene is a solid that melts at 80 °C to form a liquid.

(a) Some solid naphthalene is heated until it has all melted. The liquid is then allowed to cool
slowly.

The temperature is measured every minute as the liquid cools and becomes solid again.

Fig. 6.1 shows a graph of the results.

90

85

80
temperature / °C
75

70

65
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
time / min

Fig. 6.1

On Fig. 6.1, draw an X to show a part of the graph at which all of the naphthalene is liquid. [1]

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(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a test-tube with liquid naphthalene at its melting point.

Fig. 6.3 shows the same test-tube with the same mass of naphthalene when it has all turned
solid.

liquid solid
naphthalene naphthalene

Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.3

(i) Suggest how the distances between the molecules in liquid naphthalene and in solid
naphthalene compare.

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest how the motions of the molecules in liquid naphthalene and in solid naphthalene
compare.

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The solid naphthalene cools very slowly, as the vibrations of the large molecules do not
conduct thermal energy well and there are no mobile electrons.

Predict whether solid naphthalene will be a good or poor conductor of electricity.

Give a reason for your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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7 (a) The substrates and products of three digestive enzymes are shown in Table 7.1.

Complete Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

substrate digestive enzyme product

amylase sugars
...............................................

fat
............................................ ......................... and fatty acids

protein protease
................................................

[3]

(b) State two functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice in the stomach.

1. . ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Fig. 7.1 shows a graph of activity against temperature for two enzymes, A and B.

enzyme A enzyme B

enzyme
activity

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
temperature / °C

Fig. 7.1

(i) Identify the temperature of maximum activity of enzyme B.

temperature = ......................................................°C [1]

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(ii) The enzyme activity of both enzymes is the same at 47 °C.

The temperature is increased to 50 °C.

State and explain the effects of this temperature increase on the activity of enzyme A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Amylase is a digestive enzyme secreted in parts of the alimentary canal.

Suggest which enzyme, A or B, is amylase. Give a reason for your answer.

enzyme .......................................

reason ...............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 10]

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8 (a) When dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed, hydrogen forms at the cathode.

(i) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens to one hydrogen ion at the cathode.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the test for hydrogen gas and give the positive result.

test ....................................................................................................................................

result .................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Name the product at the anode.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Magnesium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulfate.

Explain why the rate of this reaction increases when the temperature of the acid is higher.

Use ideas about particles in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Name one other substance that reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulfate.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a microwave oven connected to a mains electricity supply.

food turntable

Fig. 9.1

When the door is closed, the oven can be switched on and the food gets hot.

(a) State the main useful energy transfer that results in the food getting hot.

..................................................... energy ..................................................... energy [2]

(b) Microwave radiation is generated inside the oven and absorbed by the food.

The microwave radiation has a frequency of 2.45 × 109 Hz.

The speed of microwave radiation is 3.00 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves.

wavelength = ..................................................... m [2]

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(c) When the oven is switched on, the food is rotated on a turntable turned by an electric motor.
This ensures the food is heated completely.

All the circuit components of the microwave oven are connected in parallel. These components
are the microwave generator, the turntable motor and a lamp.

(i) The microwave oven has two switches.

• the main switch operates all the components,

• the other switch operates only the microwave generator and turntable motor.

On Fig. 9.2 complete the circuit diagram for the microwave oven, including the symbol
for the mains electricity supply (a.c. power supply), the second switch and the lamp.

microwave
generator

Fig. 9.2
[3]

(ii) The current in each of the three components is shown.

lamp 0.1 A microwave generator 2.5 A turntable motor 0.2 A

Calculate the current supplied from the mains supply.

current = ...................................................... A [1]

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(iii) The mains electricity supply is 230 V.

Calculate the power used by the microwave generator.

State the unit of your answer.

power = ............................ unit ..................... [3]

[Total: 11]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0653/41/M/J/20

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2020
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0653/41/M/J/20
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).