ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

ELECTRICAL MACHINES -I
TUTORIAL SHEET 1
(SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS)

1. A 3300/250 V, 50 Hz single-phase Transformer is built on a core having an effective cross-

sectional area of 125 cm2 and 70 turns on the low voltage winding. Calculate (a) the value
of maximum flux density, (b) the number of turns on the high voltage winding.
[1.287 Tesla, 924]
2. A transformer with 800 primary turns and 200 secondary turns is supplied from a 100 V
a.c. supply. Calculate the secondary voltage and the volts per turn.
[25 V, 0.125 V]
3. A single-phase transformer with 1000 primary turns and 200 secondary turns is fed from
200 V, 50 Hz source. Calculate the secondary voltage, volts per turn and the maximum
value of core flux.
[40 V, 0.2 V, 0.9 mWb]
4. A 25 kVA transformer has a voltage ratio of 3300/400 V. Calculate the primary and
secondary currents. [7.58 A, 62.5 A]
5. A 125 kVA transformer having primary voltages of 2000 V at 50 Hz has 182 primary and
40 secondary turns. Neglecting losses, calculate (a) the full load primary & secondary
currents, (b) the no load secondary induced emf and (c) maximum flux in the core.
[62.5 A, 284.4 A, 439.6 V, 0.0495 Wb]
6. A 400/200 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer takes power input of 100 W at power factor of
0.26 lag when fed from 400 V, 50 Hz and with secondary open. Calculate the no-load
current and its two components. [0.961 A, 0.25 A, 0.9284 A]
7. A 10 kVA, 230/115 V, 50 HZ, 1-phase transformer has the following parameters
r1 = 0.8 ohm, r2 = 0.2 ohm, x1 = 3.2 ohm, x2 = 0.6 ohm
(a) Calculate resistances and leakage reactances of (i) primary winding referred to
secondary side and (ii) secondary winding referred to primary side.
[0.2 Ω, 0.8 Ω, 0.8 Ω, 2.4 Ω]
(b) Calculate equivalent resistances and leakage reactances referred to (i) primary and (ii)
secondary. [1.6 Ω, 5.6 Ω, 0.4 Ω, 1.4 Ω]
(c) Calculate total ohmic losses. [3024.8 W]

8. A 2300/230 V, 1-phase transformer has the following resistances and leakage reactances:
r1 = 1 ohm, r2 = 0.01 ohm, x1 = 4 ohm, x2 = 0.04 ohm
a load of resistance 5 ohm and reactance 3 ohm is connected across the secondary
terminals. Calculate the load voltage, load power factor and power consumed by load.
[227.7 V, 0.85 lagging, 7624.5 W]
9. In a transformer, the core loss is 100 W at 40 Hz and 72 W at 30 Hz. find the hysteresis
and eddy current losses at 50 Hz. [105 W, 25 W]
10. At 400 V and 50 Hz the total core loss of a transformer was found to be 2400 W. When
the transformer is supplied at 200 V, and 25 Hz, the core loss is 800 W. calculate the
hysteresis and eddy current loss at 400 V and 50 Hz. [800 W, 1600 W]
 11. A single phase, 250/500 V transformer gave the following results:
Open-Circuit Test: 250 V, 1A, 80 W on LV side
Short-Circuit Test: 20 V, 12 A, 100 W on HV side.
Calculate the circuit constants and show them on an equivalent circuit.
[Iw = 0.32 A, Iµ = 0.947 A, R0 = 781.25 Ω, X0 = 264 Ω, Re1 = 0.1736 Ω, Ze1 = 0.417 Ω,
Xe1 = 0.379 Ω]
12. A 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer has a turn ratio of 6. the resistances are 0.90 Ω and 0.03 Ω,
and the reactances 5 Ω and 0.13 Ω for high voltage and low voltage windings respectively.
Find (a) the voltage to be applied to the high voltage side to obtain full load current of 200
A in the low voltage winding on short circuit, (b) the power factor on short circuit.
[329.3 V, 0.2]
13. A Transformer is rated at 100 kVA. At full load its copper loss is 1200 W and its iron loss
is 960 W. Calculate:
(a) The efficiency at full load, unity power factor, [97.88%]
(b) The efficiency at half load, 0.8 power factor, [96.94%]
(c) The efficiency at 75% full load, 0.7 power factor, [96.98%]
(d) The load kVA at which maximum efficiency will occur, [89.44 kVA]
(e) The maximum efficiency at 0.85 power factor. [97.53%]
14. A 100 kVA, 50 Hz, 440/11000 V, 1-phase transformer has an efficiency of 98.5 % when
supplying full load current at 0.8 power factor lagging, and an efficiency of 99% when
supplying half load current at unity power factor. Find the core losses and copper losses
corresponding to full load current. At what value of load current will the maximum
efficiency be attained? [267.3 W, 950.7 W, 4.82 A]
15. Calculate the regulation of a transformer in which ohmic loss is 1% of the output and the
reactance drop is 5% of the voltage when the power factor is (a) 0.8 lagging; (b) unity; (c)
0.8 leading. [3.8%, 1%, -2.2%]
16. A single phase, 100 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz transformer has an impedance drop of 10 %
and resistance drop of 5%. Calculate the (a) regulation at full load 0.8 power factor lagging;
(b) the value of the power factor at which regulation is zero. [9.19%, 0.866 (leading)]
17. The maximum efficiency of a 500 kVA, 3300/500 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer is 0.97
pu and occurs at 75% full load and unity power factor. If the leakage impedance is 10%,
calculate the voltage regulation at full load, power factor 0.8 lagging. [7.52%]
18. A 2300/230V, 500 KVA, 50 Hz distribution transformer has core loss of 1600 W at rated
voltage and copper loss 7.5 KW at full load. During the day it is loaded as follows:
% Load 0% 20% 50% 80% 100% 125%
Power Factor - 0.7 lag 0.8 lag 0.9 lag 1 0.85 lag
Hours 2 4 4 5 7 2
Determine the all-day efficiency of the transformer.
19. A 50 kVA distribution transformer has the following load variation: (a) 30 kW at 0.8 pf
for 8 hours (b) 20 kW at unity power factor for 6 hours and (c) no load for the remaining
10 hours of the day. For full load ohmic loss of 1 kW and core loss of 500 W, determine
all day efficiency of this transformer. [95.4 %]
20. A 400/100kVA, 5 kVA, two winding transformer is to be used as an autotransformer to
supply power at 400 V from 500 V source. Draw the connection diagram and determine
the kVA output of the autotransformer.
[25 kVA]
21. A single-phase transformer working at unity power factor has an efficiency of 90% at both
half load and at the full load of 500 W. Determine the efficiency at 75% full load and the
maximum efficiency.
22. The following results were obtained on a 50kVA, 2400/120 V transformer:
Open Circuit Test, Instruments on LV Side
Wattmeter Reading = 396 W; Ammeter Reading = 9.65 A; Voltmeter Reading = 120 V.
Short Circuit Test, Instruments on HV Side
Wattmeter Reading = 810 W; Ammeter Reading = 20.8 A; Voltmeter Reading = 92 V.
Determine:
(a) The Circuit Constants.
[Iw = 3.3 A, Iµ = 9.06 A, R0 = 36.3 Ω, X0 = 13.2 Ω, Re1 = 1.87 Ω, Ze1 = 4.42 Ω, Xe1 = 4 Ω]
(b) The efficiency at full load, 0.8 power factor lagging. [97.07%]
(c) The approximate voltage regulation. [3.376%]