Created by T.

Madas

INTEGRAL
THEOREMS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Green’s Theorem

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Use Green’s Theorem on the plane to evaluate the line integral


C
 y dx + x ( 2 + y ) dy  ,

where C is a circle of radius 1 , centre at the origin O , traced anticlockwise.

Question 2
Use Green’s Theorem on the plane to evaluate the line integral

 (
C
2 x − y ) dx + ( 2 y + x ) dy ,

where C is the path around the ellipse with equation x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 , taken in an

anticlockwise direction.

4π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Use Green’s Theorem on the plane to evaluate the line integral


C
( )
y ( x + 1) e x dx + x e x + 1 dy ,

where C is a circle of radius 1, centre at the origin O , traced anticlockwise.

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
The functions F and G are defined as

2
F ( x, y ) = x 2 y and G ( x, y ) = ( x + y )

The anticlockwise path along the perimeter of the triangle whose vertices are located
at ( 0,0 ) , (1,0 ) and ( 0,1) , is denoted by C .

Use Green’s Theorem on the plane to evaluate the line integral

 ( F dx + G dy )
C
.

7
12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
The contour C is the boundary of a triangle with vertices at the points with Cartesian
coordinates ( 0,0 ) , (1,0 ) and (1, 2 ) , traced in an anticlockwise direction.

Verify Green’s Theorem on the plane for the line integral

 (3x + 4 y ) dx + (5x − 2 y ) dy
C
.

MM2-B , both sides yield 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
The functions P ( x, y ) and Q ( x, y ) have continuous first order partial derivatives.

a) State formally Green’s theorem in the plane, with reference to P and Q .

The contour C is the boundary of a triangle with vertices at the points with Cartesian
coordinates ( 0,0 ) , (1,0 ) and (1, 2 ) .

b) Verify Green’s Theorem on the plane for the line integral


C
( xy 3 ) dx + ( x 2 − y 2 ) dy .

both sides yield − 4

15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
The functions P ( x, y ) and Q ( x, y ) have continuous first order partial derivatives.

a) State formally Green’s theorem in the plane, with reference to the functions,
P and Q .

b) Evaluate the integral

1 1

 
−1 x 2
( x2 − 7 y 2 ) dy dx .
c) By considering a line integral over a suitable contour C , use Green’s theorem
in the plane to independently verify the answer to part (b).

56
MM2D , −
15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
The closed curve C bounds the finite region R in the x-y plane defined as

}
R ( x, y ) = { x + y ≥ 0 ∩ x − y ≤ 0 ∩ x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 .

Evaluate the line integral

 ( xy dx + x dy )
C
2
,

where C is traced anticlockwise.

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
An ellipse has Cartesian equation

x2 y2
+ = 1,
a2 b2

where a and b positive constants.

Use Green’s theorem in the plane, to show that the area of the ellipse is π ab .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
It is given that the vector function F satisfies

( ) ( )
F = sin x3 − xy i + x + y 3 sin y j .

Evaluate the line integral


C
F i dr ,

where C is the ellipse with cartesian equation

2 x2 + 3 y 2 = 2 y .

π
MM2E ,
3 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
It is given that the vector function F satisfies

( )
F = [ x cos x ] i + 15 xy + ln 1 + y 3  j .
 

Evaluate the line integral


C
F i dr ,

where C is the curve

{( x, y ) : y = 3, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2} ∪ {( x, y ) : y = x2 − 1, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2} ,
traced in an anticlockwise direction.

MM2A , 224

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Gauss’ Theorem
also known as the Divergence Theorem

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1

( )
A ( x, y, z ) ≡ ( 2 x + y − z ) i + xy 2 z j + ( xy − 2 yz ) k .

Evaluate the integral


 S
A i dS ,

where S is the closed surface enclosing the finite region V , defined by

−1 ≤ x ≤ 2 , −2 ≤ y ≤ 2 , 1≤ z ≤ 3.

48

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
The surface S is the sphere with Cartesian equation

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1

Use the Divergence Theorem to evaluate

 ( x + y + z ) dS
S
2
.

MM2-B , 4 π
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3

( ) ( )
F ( x, y , z ) ≡ z 2 i + y 2 − x 2 j + x 2 + z 2 k .

Evaluate the integral


 S
F i dS ,

where S is the surface of a cylinder of radius 1, whose axis is the z axis, between
z = 0 and z = 6 .

36π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4

F ( x, y, z ) ≡ xyi + yj + 4k .

Evaluate the integral

 F dS
S
i ,

where S is the closed surface enclosing the finite region V , defined by

x2 + y2 ≤ 9 , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0, 0≤ z ≤ 4.

9π + 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
The vector field F exists inside and around the finite region V , defined by the
inequalities

0 ≤ x ≤ 3 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 .

Use V to verify the Divergence Theorem of Gauss, given further that

F ( x, y, z ) ≡ x 2i + zj + yzk .

both sides yield 120

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6

( )
F ( x, y, z ) ≡ x + y 2 i + ( 2 y + xz ) j + ( 3z + xyz ) k .

Evaluate the integral

 F dS
 S
i ,

where S is the surface with Cartesian equation

4 x2 + 4 y2 + 4 z 2 = 1 .

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
A smooth vector field A , exists in and on the boundary of a smooth closed surface S ,
and n is an outward unit vector to S .

a) Show that

 ∇ ∧ A n dS = 0
S
i 

You may find the Divergence Theorem useful in this part.

b) Prove the validity of the result of part (a) if

• A = xy i + y 2 j + zx 2 k

• S : x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 , z ≥ 0 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
A vector field, F , exists inside and around the finite region V , defined by

x2 + y2 = 4 , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0 , 0 ≤ z ≤ 3 .

Use V to verify the Divergence Theorem of Gauss, given further that

F ( x , y , z ) ≡ x 2 i + j + zk .

both sides yield 3π + 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9

( )
F ( x, y, z ) ≡ ( x + yz ) i + y 3 z + x j + ( z + xyz ) k

Use the Divergence Theorem of Gauss to find the flux through the open surface with
Cartesian equation

x2 + y 2 = 1 , 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 .

10π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
A vector field, F , exists inside and around the sphere S , with Cartesian equation

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 .

Evaluate the surface integral

 F dS
S
i ,

where F ( x, y, z ) = 3 x i + y 2 j + z 2k .

4π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11

a) State Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Verify Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces for the vector field

(
F = xzi + 2 y 2 j + xyz + z 2 + 6 k )
for the finite region defined as

x2 + y 2 + 4 z 2 = 4 , z ≥ 0 .

both sides yield 3π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
The region V is defined as

2
x 2 + y 2 + ( z + 4 ) ≤ 25 , z ≥ 0 .

a) Use cylindrical polar coordinates ( r ,θ , z ) to find the volume of this region.

b) Use Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces, with an appropriate

vector field, to verify the answer obtained in part (a)

14 π
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13

a) State Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Hence show that for a smooth scalar field ϕ = ϕ ( x, y, z ) ,

 ∇ϕ dV = 
V
 ϕ n dS S
 ,

where S is a closed surface enclosing a volume V , and n is an outward unit

normal field to S .

c) Evaluate

 ( x y + y + z ) n dS
 S
2 2  ,

where S is the paraboloid with equation

z = 1 − x2 − y2 , z ≥ 0 .

π
( j + 6k )
12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14

a) State Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

The vector field E s given as

− 32
(
E = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) (xi + y j+ zk).

b) Show that Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces “fails” for E and
the surface with Cartesian equation

x2 + y2 + z 2 = a2 , a > 0 .

c) Explain carefully why the theorem “fails”.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
The surface S is the sphere with Cartesian equation

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4

a) By using Spherical Polar coordinates, ( r ,θ ,ϕ ) , evaluate by direct integration

the following surface integral

I=
 ( x + xy + z ) dS
S
4 2
.

b) Verify the answer of part (a) by using the Divergence Theorem.

256π
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
The surface Ω is the sphere with Cartesian equation

( x − 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 + ( z − 1)2 = 1

Use the Divergence Theorem to evaluate


Ω
 ( )
( x + y ) i + x 2 + xy j + z 2k  i dS ,


where dS is a unit surface element on Ω .

16 π
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
The vector field u is given in spherical polar coordinates ( r ,θ ,ϕ ) by

( ) (
u ( r ,θ ,ϕ ) = r 2 cos 2 ϕ rˆ + r cos 2 ϕ ϕ )
ϕ̂ .

a) Find the flux of u through a spherical surface of radius R0 .

b) Verify the answer to part (a) by calculating an appropriate volume integral.

You may assume that in spherical polar coordinates

∇ i ( Ar , Aθ , Aϕ ) = r12 ∂∂r ( r 2 Ar ) + r sin1 θ ∂∂θ ( Aθ sin θ ) + r sin1 θ ∂∂ϕ ( Aϕ )

2π R04

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18

a) State Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for closed surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Hence show that for a smooth vector field A = A ( x, y, z ) , with ∇ i A = 0 ,

 A dV = 
V
 r A n dS
S
i  ,

where S is a closed surface enclosing a volume V , r = xi + yj + zk , and n is

an outward unit normal field to S .

c) Verify the validity of the result of part (b) if A = 3i and S is the sphere with
equation

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 .

both sides yield 4π i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Stokes’ Theorem

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
If F is a smooth vector field, S is a smooth closed surface, and n is an outward unit
normal vector to S , show that

 ∇ ∧ F n dS = 0
S
i 

You may find Stokes’ Theorem or the Divergence Theorem useful in this question.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Show that for a smooth scalar field ϕ and a constant vector A

∇ ∧ ( ϕ A ) = ∇ϕ ∧ A .

The open smooth surface S has boundary c and unit normal field n .

c) Use part (a) and (b) to prove

 ϕ dr =  n ∧ ∇ϕ dS
c S
 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Evaluate the line integral


C
( )
 x dx + ( x − 2 yz ) dy + x 2 + z dz  ,
 

where C is the intersection of the surfaces with respective Cartesian equations

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 , z ≥ 0 and x2 + y2 = x , z ≥ 0 .

π
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
It is given that the vector field F satisfies

F = y2 i + z 2 j + x2 k .

Evaluate the line integral

 F dr
C
i ,

where C is the intersection of the surfaces with respective Cartesian equations

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 , z ≥ 0 and x2 + y2 = x , z ≥ 0 .

π
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
z

( 0,0,7 )

( 3,0, 4 ) ( 0,3, 4 )

( 3,0,0 ) ( 0,3,0 )
x ( 3,3,1) y

( 3,3,0 )

The figure above shows the finite region V defined by the intersection of the planes

x + y + z = 7 , x = 3 , y = 3 , x = 0 , y = 0 and z = 0 .

The open surface S encloses V except the plane face with equation z = 0 .

The vector field, F ( x, y, z ) ≡ xi + xyj + xzk , exists on and around S .

Evaluate the surface integral

 ∇ ∧ F dS
S
i ,

where dS = n dS , where n is an outward unit normal vector to S .


27
∇ ∧ F i dS =
2
S

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open two sided surfaces, fully defining all
the quantities involved.

The vector field

v = yz k

exists around the open surface S , with closed boundary C .

The equation of S is

z = 1 − x2 − y2 , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0 , z ≥ 0 .

b) Use v and S to verify the validity of Stokes’ Theorem.

both sides yield 4

15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
The vector field

F = z i + xy j + xz k

exists around the open two sided surface S , with closed boundary C .

S is defined as

• x + y + z =1, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0 .

• x = 0 , z ≤ 1− y , y ≥ 0 , z ≥ 0 .

• z = 0 , y ≤ 1− x , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0 .

Show that

 F dr =  ∇ ∧ F n dS
C
i

S
i 

where n is an outward unit normal to S .

MM2H , both sides yield 1

3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
It is given that the vector field F satisfies

F = 8z i + 4x j + y k .

Evaluate the line integral

 F dr
C
i ,

where C is the intersection of the surfaces with respective Cartesian equations

z = y 2 + x2 and x2 + y 2 = y , z ≥ 0 .

You may find Stokes’ Theorem useful in this question.

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
The surface S has Cartesian equation

( z − 1)2 = x 2 + y 2 , 1≤ z ≤ 3.

a) Sketch the graph of S .

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
b) Evaluate .
∂x ∂y ∂z
zx 2 xy 2 yz 2

c) Given that F = z 2i + x 2 j + y 2k , evaluate the integral

 F dS
S
i .

MM2A , 4π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
The vector field F exists around the open surface S , with closed boundary C .

The open surface consists of the following three faces.

• The cylindrical surface x 2 + y 2 = 4 , y ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 3 .

• The plane face x 2 + y 2 = 4 , y ≥ 0 and z = 0 .

• The plane face x 2 + y 2 = 4 , y ≥ 0 and z = 3 .

Use S and C to verify Stokes’ Theorem, given further that

F ( x, y, z ) ≡ yzi + xyj + xzk .

both sides yield − 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
It is given that the vector field F satisfies

F = 8z i + 4x j + y k .

Evaluate the line integral

 F dr
C
i ,

where C is the intersection of the surfaces with respective Cartesian equations

z = x2 + y 2 and x2 + y2 = x , z ≥ 0 .

You may find Stokes’ Theorem useful in this question.

3π
−
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
The vector field F exists around the open surface S , with closed boundary C , whose
equation satisfies

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 , z ≥ 0 .

Use S and C to verify Stokes’ Theorem, given further that

F ( x, y, z ) ≡ 4 yi + xyj + xzk .

both sides yield − 16π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13
The vector field A exists around the open surface S , with closed boundary C .

( ) ( )
A = x 2 y i + ( xy + xyz ) j + xy + xz 2 k

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

The Cartesian equation of S is

x2 + y2 + z 2 = a2 , a > 0, z ≥ 0.

b) Use A and S to verify the validity of Stokes’ Theorem.

both sides yield − 1 π a 4

4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14
The smooth vector field F exists around the open, two sided, surface S , with closed
boundary C .

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Hence show, that if ϕ is a smooth scalar field defined everywhere, and C is

any path between two fixed points, then

 ∇ϕ dr
C
i ,

is independent of the path of C .

c) Given further that r = x i + y j + z k evaluate


 r 
 3 + x i  i dr ,
 r 
C

where C is the straight line segment from ( 2,1, 2 ) to ( 6,3, 2 ) .

340
MM2D ,
21

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
The smooth vector field F exists around the open, two sided, surface S , with closed
boundary C .

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Hence show that

S
n ∧ ∇ϕ dS =
 ϕ
C
dr ,

where ϕ is a smooth scalar function and n is a unit normal vector to S .

The Cartesian equation of S is

z = x2 + y 2 , z ≤ 1 .

c) Use ϕ ( x, y, z ) = y and S to verify the result of part (b).

both sides yield π i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
The vector field F exists around the open surface S , with closed boundary C .

a) State Stokes’ Integral Theorem for open surfaces, fully defining all the
quantities involved.

b) Hence show that

S
n ∧ ∇ϕ dS =
 ϕ
C
dr ,

where ϕ is a smooth scalar function and n is unit normal vector to S .

The Cartesian equation of S is

z = x2 + y 2 , z ≤ 4 .

c) Use ϕ ( x, y, z ) = x and S to verify the result of part (b).

both sides yield − 4π j

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
A , B and C are vector fields.

a) Prove the validity of the vector identity

A ∧ ( B ∧ C) ≡ B ( A i C) − ( A i B ) C .

b) Given further that c is a constant vector and A a smooth vector field, find a
simplified expression for

∇ ∧ (c ∧ A ) .

An open two sided surface S has boundary C .

c) Use Stokes’ Integral Theorem and the result obtained in part (b) to show that

(
S
dS ∧ ∇ ) ∧ A =

C
dr ∧ A ,

where dS = n dS with n a unit normal vector to S , and dr = i dx + j dy + k dz .

∇ ∧ (c ∧ A ) = c (∇ i A ) − (c i ∇ ) A

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18
An open two sided surface S has boundary C .

It is further given that a is a constant vector and r = x i + y j + z k .

Show that

a)
2
S
a i n dS =

C
a ∧ r i dr .

b)
2
S
n dS =
 C
r ∧ dr .

where n a unit normal vector to S , and dr = i dx + j dy + k dz .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19

A = 2i − j + ( 4 y − 3) k .

The vector field A exist around the surface S with Cartesian equation

x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1, z ≥ 0 .

a) Determine the flux of A through S , where the normal unit field to S is

denoted by n , such that n ik ≥ 0 .

b) Obtain the answer of part (a) by using the Divergence Theorem.

c) Use Stokes’ Theorem to get an expression for the flux of A through S , as a

line integral, and hence verify the answer of part (a).

MM2C , flux = −3π

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Created by T. Madas