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Cooling system

The document discusses the importance of cooling systems in engines, highlighting the need to manage heat generated during combustion to prevent damage to engine components. It outlines two main types of cooling systems: air cooling and water cooling, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it describes the components and functioning of water cooling systems, including the role of thermostats and coolants.

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2 views

Cooling system

The document discusses the importance of cooling systems in engines, highlighting the need to manage heat generated during combustion to prevent damage to engine components. It outlines two main types of cooling systems: air cooling and water cooling, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it describes the components and functioning of water cooling systems, including the role of thermostats and coolants.

Uploaded by

nahes96153
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cooling Systems

1
Introduction

❖ In the process of converting thermal energy into mechanical work, as


a result of combustion, high temperatures are produced.
❖ This heat is transferred to the cylinder walls, piston and valves.
Unless these parts are adequately cooled, the engine will be
damaged.
❖ A part of total fuel energy is converted in to mechanical work and rest
is rejected in the form of
❖ Heat from engine surface by combined action of conduction,
convection and radiation.
❖ Heat lost to exhaust.
❖ Heat rejected to the coolant.

2
Introduction

Cooling beyond optimum limits is not desirable as it decreases the


overall efficiency due to following reasons,

❖ More loss of heat to cylinder walls causes decrease in thermal


efficiency.
❖ Combustion efficiency decreases due to less evaporation of fuel
at lower temperature.
❖ At lower temperature, viscosity of lubricant increases and results
in more frictional losses. This reduces overall efficiency.

3
Objective of Engine Cooling

❖ As engine temperature increases, the strength of materials used


for various engine components decreases.
❖ The lubricating oil used in the engine also decides the maximum
temperature that can be used for different lubricating oils and this
temperature range varies from 160°C to 200°C. If the engine
temperature exceeds this limit, it may deteriorates the lubricating
oil or evaporate causing piston and cylinder damage. Overheating
results in piston seizing also.
❖ High cylinder head temperature result in loss of volumetric
efficiency and reduces power output.
❖ High engine temperature may cause pre ignition and detonation.
4
Methods of Cooling

Two types of cooling systems


❖ Air cooling system
❖ Scooters, motorcycles, aeroplanes, combat tanks,
small stationary installations
❖ Volkswagen Beetle and the Chevrolet Corvair
❖ Water cooling system
❖ Most of the modern automobiles and trucks

5
Air Cooling System

The amount of heat carried off by the air-


cooling depends upon the following factors
i) The total area of the fin surfaces,
ii) The velocity and amount of the cooling
air
iii) The temperature of the fins and the
cooling air

6
Air Cooling System

Advantages
a) Absence of radiator cooling jackets and coolant reduces weight of
the system.
b) Air cooled engines are useful in extreme climates, where water
may freeze.
c) These engines warm up earlier than water cooled engines.
d) Easy maintenance as there is no leakage problem.
Disadvantages
a) These are noisier, because of absence of cooling water which acts
as sound insulator.
b) Heat transfer co-efficient for air is less. Hence less efficient cooling
and results in decrease of highest useful compression ratio.
c) Distortion of cylinder may occur due to uneven cooling all around
the cylinder.
7
Water Cooling System

8
Water Cooling System

❖ It takes away the excessive heat generated in the engine and saves it
from overheating.

❖ The cooling system is made up of the passages inside the engine


block and heads, a water pump to circulate the coolant, a thermostat
to control the temperature of the coolant, a radiator to cool the
coolant, a radiator cap to control the pressure in the system, and
some plumbing consisting of interconnecting hoses to transfer the
coolant from the engine to radiator.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5p31F_dVJU 9
Water Cooling System

❖ A cooling system works by sending a liquid coolant through


passages in the engine block and heads.

❖ As the coolant flows through these passages, it picks up heat from


the engine. The heated fluid then makes its way through a rubber
hose to the radiator in the front of the car.

❖ As it flows through the thin tubes in the radiator, the hot liquid is
cooled by the air stream entering the engine compartment from the
grill in front of the car.

❖ Once the fluid is cooled, it returns to the engine to absorb more heat.

❖ The water pump keeps the fluid moving through this system of
plumbing and hidden passages.
10
Water Cooling System

11
Types of Water Cooling Systems

❖ Thermo-Syphon system
❖ Pump/forced circulation system

12
Thermo-Syphon Water Cooling System

❖ In this system the circulation of


water is due to difference in
temperature (i.e. difference in
densities) of water.
❖ In this system pump is not
required but water is circulated
because of density difference
only.
Disadvantages
a) Rate of circulation is too slow.
b) Circulation commences only when there is a marked difference in
temperature.
For these reasons this system has become obsolete and is no more in use.

13
Force Circulation Water Cooling System

❖ In this system circulation of water is obtained by a pump. This


pump is driven by means of engine output shaft through V-
belts.

14
Force Circulation Water Cooling System

15
Parts of Liquid Cooling System

❖ Water pump
❖ Fan
❖ Radiator
❖ Water jacket
❖ Thermostat valve
❖ Hose pipes
❖ Antifreeze mixtures

16
Radiator

❖ It mainly consists of an upper tank, lower tank and core between


the tanks.
❖ There are 2-types of cores : (a) Tubular (b) Cellular
❖ When the water is flowing down through the radiator core, it is
cooled by the fan which blows air.

17
Thermostat Valve

❖ Thermostats are used to block the coolant circulation to or from the


Radiator when the engine is cold or warming
❖ After attaining maximum efficient operating temperature, it
automatically begins functioning. Generally, it prevents the water
below 70°C.
❖ There are three types of thermostats:
❖ bellow type
❖ bimetallic type
❖ pellet type

18
Thermostat Valve

❖ Bellow type valve


❖ It is used most commonly.
❖ It contains a bronze bellow containing liquid alcohol. Bellow is
connected to the butterfly valve disc through the link.
❖ When the temperature of water increases, the liquid alcohol
evaporates and the bellow expands and in turn opens the
butterfly valve, and allows hot water to the radiator, where it is
cooled.
❖ Bimetallic type valve
❖ This consists of a bimetallic strip.
❖ The unequal expansion of two metallic strips causes the valve to
open and allows the water to flow in the radiator. 19
Thermostat Valve

❖ Pellet type valve


❖ A copper impregnated wax pellet expands when heated and
contracts when cooled.
❖ The pellet is connected to the valve through a piston, such that
on expansion of the pellet, it opens the valve.
❖ A coil spring closes the valve when the pellet contracts.

20
Antifreeze

❖ The coolant that flows through the engine and associated plumbing
must be able to withstand temperatures well below zero without
freezing.
❖ It must also be able to handle engine temperatures in excess of 250
degrees without boiling.
❖ The fluid must also contain rust inhibitors and a lubricant.
❖ The coolant in today's vehicles is a mixture of ethylene glycol
(antifreeze) and water. The recommended ratio is fifty-fifty. This is
the minimum recommended for use in automobile engines.
❖ Less antifreeze means the boiling point would be too low.
❖ In certain climates where the temperatures can go well below zero,
it is permissible to have as much as 75% antifreeze and 25% water,
but no more than that.

21
Coolants

22
Coolant Temperature Sensor

❖ The coolant temperature sensor also known as the coolant


temperature switch, is an engine management system sensor that is
used to monitor the temperature of the engine's coolant
❖ Most coolant temperature sensors operate using electrical
resistance to measure the temperature of the coolant
❖ Thermistors and RTD

23
Cooling with Thermostat Regulator

24
References

❖ https://www.theengineerspost.com/radiator-working-system/
❖ Gogineni Prudhvi, Gada Vinay, G Suresh Babu, Cooling Systems in
Automobiles & Cars, International Journal of Engineering and
Advanced Technology, Vol. 2 (4), 2013.
❖ www.youtube.com

25

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