Name: …………………………………………………………………………………………….

Admno: ……………………………………………………… Class ……………………………

CHEMISTRY
2024
TIME: 2 HOURS
JULY 2024

ZERAKI ACHIEVERS EXAMINATION 13.0

MARKING SCHEME

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)

FORM 1-TERM 2

INSTRUCTIONS:
 Write your name and other details on the space provided above
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided for each question.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
 Mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be
used.
For Examiners Use Only

Questions Total marks Student’s

score

1 - 18 80

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This paper consists of 9 printed pages. Students should check to ascertain that all
pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

1. Define the following terms

a) Drug (1mrk)

A drug is any natural or man-made substance that when taken into

the body alters the normal body functioning

b) Prescription
(1mrk)

These are written instructions by a qualified medical officer

indicating the type of drugs and how they should be taken

c) Drug abuse (1mk)

Drug abuse is the use of a drug for a purpose other than what is
meant for or use of overdose or underdose of prescribed drug.
2. John visited a hospital and was given syrup whose prescription was 2×3.
How should she take the syrup?
(2mrks)

To take 2 tablets after every 8 hours a day

3. (a) Why are most of the apparatus in chemistry laboratories made of

glass? (2mrks)
For easy visibility
For easy cleaning
They do not react with most chemicals used in the lab

(b) Name two apparatus used for accurate measurement of volume.

(2mrks)

Burette, pipette, volumetric flask and syringe

4. Define the following terms

(4mrks)

a) An atom

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 Is the smallest part of an element which can take part in a
chemical reaction

b) A molecule

Is the smallest particle of an element or compound which can

exist separately.

c) A compound

Is a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are

chemically combined.

d) Element

A pure substance which cannot be split into simpler substances by

any chemical means

5. Complete the following table

(4mrks)

Element Symbol

Silver Ag

Gold Au

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

6. Name the elements present in magnesium carbonate

(3mrks)

Magnesium, carbon and oxygen

7. Write a word equation for the reaction between:

a) Carbon and oxygen

(1mrks)

Carbon + Oxygen ------- carbon (IV) oxide

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 b) Iron and Sulphur
(1mrks)

Iron + sulphur -------- Iron (II) sulphide

(c) Zinc and bromine

(1mrks)

Zinc + chlorine -------- zinc chloride

8. The diagram below shows part of non - luminous flame of the Bunsen burner.
Study it to answer questions that follow.

a) Name the parts of the flame labeled as; (3mks)

X……pale blue zone

Y……green blue zone

Z………almost colourless zone

b) Which part of the flame above is the hottest? Explain. (2mks)

Pale blue
This is because of the complete combustion of the laboratory gas.

c) A non–luminous flame is preferred for heating. Explain. (1mks)

It is hotter than the luminous flame and it does not produce soot.

d) Name the other type of flame and the condition under which that flame is
produced. (1mk)
Luminous flame
Produced when the air hole is fully closed.

9. The diagram below shows a set up that was used by a student to separate
a mixture of water and ethanoic acid. Study it and answer the questions
that follow. (Boiling point of water = 100OC, ethanoic acid = 118OC)

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a. State one mistake in the set up.
(1mk)
Water inlet and water outlet were exchanged

b. Which component of the mixture will be collected first and why?

(2mks)

Water- it has a lower boiling point

c. What are the roles of the following;

(4mks)
i. Thermometer

To indicate the boiling point of the medium being

distilled has been reached

ii. Liebig condenser

Uses the counter flow principle to cool the vapour

efficiently

iii. Fractionating column

To allow ethanoic acid to condense into liquid and flow

back into the flask before the boiling point is reached
iv. Glass beads
Increase the surface area for condensation

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 d. Why is it preferable for the distillation flask to be round- bottomed
rather than flat bottomed rather than flat bottomed?
(1mk)
For uniform distribution of heat
e. Name the method of separation of the mixture.
(1mark)

Fractional distillation

f. Name two mixtures that can be separated using the above method
of separation (1mark)
Water and ethanol
Water and ethanoic acid
g. At what point does one know that the entire first fraction has been
removed from the distillation flask. Explain. (2marks)

The temperature remains fairly constant until water is

distilled off. The temperature starts rising and the distillate
collected thereafter is mainly ethanoic acid as the second
fraction.
10. State two laboratory rules to observe when preparing a poisonous gas.
(2mks)

Ensure the experiment is done in a fume chamber

Do not inhale the gases directly

11. The spots in the diagram below represents results for three brands of soda that
contains unwanted food additives.

Solvent front
● ● ●

●
● ●
●
● Baseline
A B● C● ●D

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 The results showed presence of unwanted food additives in B and C
only. On the diagram:
i) Label the baseline or origin and the solvent front. (2mks)

ii) Circle the spots which showed unwanted food additives. (2mks)

iii) Which food additive was pure? Explain. (2mks)

D, it only moved one spot in the chromatogram

iv) Name the method of separation above (1mark)

Paper chromatography

12. The graph below shows the heating curves obtained when solid X and
solid Y were heated to boiling point.

i) Which of the two liquids was pure? Explain. (2mks)

X, it has a sharp melting and boiling point
ii) What would be the effect of adding an impurity to the boiling point
of a substance? (1mk)
The boiling point would be raised.

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13. Complete the table below. (3mrks)

Colour in

Indicator name Acid Base Neutral

Litmus Red Blue Purple

Phenolphthalei Colourless Pink colourless

n

Methyl orange Pink Yellow Orange

14. a) Five solutions were tested with universal indicator and their PH values
recorded.
Solution pH value

A 11

B 2

C 6

D 7

E 9

i) Which solution is a strong acid?

(1mrk)
B

ii) Which solution is a weak acid?

(1mrk)

C
iii) Which solution is neutral?
(1mrk)

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iv) Which solution is a strong base?
(1mrk)
A
v) Which solution is a weak base?
(1mrk)
E

b) Name the acids found in each of the following substances

(5marks)

i) Lemon juice

Citric acid

ii) Sour milk

Lactic acid

iii) Oxalis

Oxalic acid

iv) Bee sting

Methanoic acid or fomic acid

v) Vinegar

Butanoic acid

15. When a student was stung by a stinging nettle plant, a teacher applied
an aqueous solution of ammonia to the affected area of the skin and the
student was relieved of pain. Explain why the student was relieved off the
pain and state the importance of the aqueous solution of Ammonia in the
affected area of the skin. (2 mks)

The product from the stinging nettle plant is acidic hence aqueous
ammonia solution being basic neutralizes the acidic product.

16. Classify the following as either physical or chemical changes.

(4mks)

a) Freezing of water.

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 Physical
(b)Rusting of iron

Chemical

(c)Burning a candle.

Physical

(d)Heating copper (II) nitrate

Chemical

17. The apparatus below were used to determine the volume of oxygen in
air. About 200cm3 of air was passed repeatedly from syringe A to syringe
B over heated copper turnings as shown in the diagram. After sometime,
the volume of air in the syringe A was 168cm3 and syringe B 0cm3.

a. Write a chemical equation for the reaction that took place in the
combustion tube. (1mk)

Cu(s) + O2(g) ----------- 2CuO(g)

b. Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the initial sample of air.

(2mks)

Volume of oxygen used = (200 - 168)

= 32 cm3
Percentage = 32/160 x 100%

= 20%

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 c. State two possible sources of errors in the experiment.
(2mks)
i) Not all oxygen may have been used up

ii) The initial oxygen in the combustion tube is not accounted

for.

18. State the best method to separate the following mixtures

(3mks)

(a) Components of crude oil

Fractional distillation

(b) benzoic acid and sodium chloride

Sublimation

(c) Iron filings and Sulphur

Use of a magnet

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