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Fourier Transforms

The document provides an overview of the Fourier Transform, including its mathematical properties and applications in various fields such as signal processing, image processing, and medical imaging. It also presents two problems solved using the Fourier Transform method, demonstrating its utility in solving integral equations. References for further reading on integral equations and Fourier analysis are included.

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3 views6 pages

Fourier Transforms

The document provides an overview of the Fourier Transform, including its mathematical properties and applications in various fields such as signal processing, image processing, and medical imaging. It also presents two problems solved using the Fourier Transform method, demonstrating its utility in solving integral equations. References for further reading on integral equations and Fourier analysis are included.

Uploaded by

gaurikhule252004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Content

1) Introduction
2) properties
3) poblem
4) Application
5) References

Introduction
The Fourier Transform is a mathematical technique that transforms a
function of time, x(t), to a function of frequency, X(ω). It is closely
related to the Fourier Series. If you are familiar with the Fourier Series,
the following derivation may be helpful. If you are only interested in the
mathematical statement of transform.The Fourier Transform of a
function can be derived as a special case of the Fourier Series when the
period, T→∞.

We Recall some properties of Fourier transform.


Linearity property
F[a f(t) + b g(t) ] = a F [f(t)] + b f [g(t)]
same is hold for Fourier sine and cosine transform.
2. Change of scale property :
1
F[f(at)]=|a| F [f (t )]s → s
a

same is true for Fourier sine and cosine transform.


3. Convolution : The Convolution of two functions f(t) and g(t) over the
interval (−∞ , ∞ ) is defined as
∞

F(t)*g(t) = ∫ f ( x )g(t−x )dt


−∞

4. Convolution theorem for Fourier Transform


F [ f(t)* g(t) ] = F [f(t)] F [g(t)]
Solution by fouriertransfrom method

poblem 1: Solve the integral equation by method of Fourier transform


∞

∫ f ( x ) cos pxdx=e− p …….(1)


a

Solution : We know Fourier cosine transform is

√
∞
2
Fc(p) = ∫ f ( x ) cos pxdx
π 0

=
√ 2 −p
π
e
using corresponding inverse transform.

√
∞
2
f(x)= ∫ Fc ( p)cos pxdx
π 0

√ √
∞
2 2 −p
= ∫ e cos pxdx
π 0 π
∞
2
= ∫ e cos pxdx
−p
π 0
2
=π¿

[ ]
ap
e
∵∫ e cos bpdp=
ap
2 2
[a cos bp +b sin bp]
a +b
2
[ ( )]
= π 0−
−1
2
1+ x
2 1
F(x)= π 2 is the required solution
1+ x

Problem 2 : Solve the integral equation


∫ f (x )cos pxdx = { I −p0 ;; 0≤
∞
p ≤1
………..(1)
0
p>1
Solution : We know Fourier cosine transform is
√
∞
2
F c ( p )= ∫ f ( x) cos pxdx
π 0

√ (∫ )
1 ∞
2
= f ( x ) cos pxdx +∫ f (x )cos pxdx
π 0 1

√ ∫√
1
2 2
= ( 1− p ) cos pxdx
π 0 π

√
1
2
= ∫ (1−p ) cos pxdx
π 0
2
=π¿

=π
x
2[
−2 cos px 1
0 ]
=π
x [
−2 cos x−1
2 ]
=π [
2 1−cos x
x
2 ]
is the required solution.

Application
. Signal Processing:

Decomposes signals into constituent frequencies.

Used for noise reduction, filtering, and signal compression.

2. Image Processing:

Enhances image features (e.g., edge detection).


Powers compression algorithms (like JPEG).

3. Audio and Music:

Analyzes sound signals and musical notes.

Helps in equalization, pitch correction, and audio synthesis.

4. Communications:

Essential for modulation, demodulation, and multiplexing.


Enables efficient data transmission (like in 5G and Wi-Fi).

5. Quantum Mechanics & Optics:

Describes wave-particle duality and diffraction patterns.

Models light propagation and interference.

6. Medical Imaging:

MRI and CT scans use Fourier Transforms to reconstruct images.

Analyzes complex biological signals like ECG and EEG.

7. Vibration Analysis & Structural Engineering:

Diagnoses mechanical faults by studying frequency spectra.

Monitors structural health through resonance detection.


8. Data Science & Machine Learning:

Detects periodicity and seasonality in time-series data.

Speeds up computations through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).


References

1. C.D.Green:IntegralEquationMethods,ThomasNelsonandSons(1969
)
2. J.A.Cochran:TheAnalysisoflinearIntegralEquations,Mc-
GrawHill(1972)
3. KrasnowM.A.:KislovandG.Hakaronke:Problemsandexercis
esinintegralequationsMirPublications(1971)

https://www.bing.com/search?
q=application+of+fourier+and+laplace+transforms+to+the+solution+of+vo
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